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SCH EM ES
J.R.Verma
Scientist B
CGWB, NCCR, Raipur
PRINCIPLES OF RECHARGE
Infiltration
Water level
Fluctuation
Postmonsoon
water level
Percolation
Premonsoon
Water level
Recharge GW,Utilisable
resource
Recharge-Area,Time
g
and
Permeability (contact between water
body and ground surface and making
effort for creating more permeable
zone for accelerating recharge to
ground water)
Draft GW
Trend of GW-Draft
&Rainfall
CGWB NCCR Raipur
Change in GW=Input
GW=Input-Output
Output
Sgw=Wp+Wr+Wc+Was+Wag-Gwi-GWb-Gwept-Gwe-GWo
Unit
PLANNING
1 . I DEN T I FI CAT I ON OF AREA
2 . I N V EST I GAT I ON
3 . DET AI LED PROJ ECT REPORT
of t he WAT ERSH ED
IDENTIFICATION OF AREA
1 . Proble m -
Wha t is proble m
De ple t ing Ground Wa t e r Le ve l
Sust a ina bilit y proble m
Qua lit y im prove m e nt -As,F,Fe , N O3 , SO4
Se a w a t e r int rut ion
2 . De m a rc a t ion of a re a -
Ca t c hm
C
h e ntt a re a
t ha n suit a ble a re a for a rt ific ia l re c ha rge t o ground
w ater
Demarcation of area
Catchment may
y be
micro,macro or mega size
depends upon extension
of the problematic
location
Entire area not requared
artificial recharge
2. Demarcation of area.
THREE LAYER SYSTEM
BASE MAP
Catchment , Drainage,soil ,
Ph i
Physiography
h &Geology
&G l
DTW MAP
Long term
Water level
Trend
3.
Water shed
Gajara
Geo. Area
(sq.km)
Area
identified for
Artificial
Recharge
(sq.km)
Volume of
unsaturated
zone (mcm)
Average
250
3-6=153
153*1.5=230
0.02
6-9=60
60*4.5=270
specific
i ld
yield
Total
Storage
potential as
volume of
water
(mcm)
10.00
(say100%)
(25%)
100/75=1.33
its frequency,
number of rainy days,
maximum rainfall in a day and
its variation in space and time.
Ot he r sourc e s - Ca na l w at e r, t ra nc e
ba sin w at e r
Storage distribution
70 % earthen structures / Percolation tank - Surface spreading
30% Cement pplugg ((Concrete / RCC Weir)) - Bank storage
g
Density of Structure to be realistic / sq.km and entire affected
area of watershed to be benefited.
Name of
watersh
ed
Amount of
Surface
water
considere
d
for
planning
Artificial
Recharge
g to
Ground
Water
Resources to be harnessed by
Estimated cost
of structure(in
( Lcs))
Percolation
Tanks (Average
Gross capacity
p
y
0.64 mcm)
Cement Plugs
(Average
Gross Capacity
p
y
0.05 mcm)
BCD (0.02
mcm
capacity
p
y
Percon
lation
MCM
No.s
MCM
Nos
MCM
Nos.
9.33
15
1.0
20
3.0
150
Tanks
10
Cement
Plugs
3.0
BCD
0.4
60
60
(MCM)
Gajara
13.33
150
INVESTIGATION
1 . Soil
2 . Physiogra phy a nd Ge om orphologic
3 . H ydro m e t e orologic a l a nd H ydrology
4 . Ge ophysic a l
5 . H ydro ge ologic a l
6 . H ydro c he m ic a l
7 . Fe a sible st ruc t ure s
8 . Civil Engine e ring c onside ra t ions
y Group
p
9 . Be ne fic ia ry
1 0 . Ec onom ic c onside ra t ions
Ba za da zone -
H a r ve st ing sr t uc t ure s
CCT,CCB & na la plugging
Re cha rge sr t ure s
PT a nd sha ft
de nsit y
Sourc e w a t e r st ora g
ge loc a t ion a nd c a pa
p c it y
use
4.
GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES
5. Hydrogeological studies
G
Ge ologic
l i a l dist
di t ribut
ib t ion
i
off fform a t iion
De pt h t o w e a t he ring m a p
De pt h t o be d roc k m a p
De pt h t o w a t e r le ve l m a p-Pre & Post m onsoon
Asse ssm e nt of st orag
ge p
pot e nt ia l of va dose
zone in diffe re nt hydro ge ologic a l unit for post
m onsoon
Long t e rm t re nd hydrogra ph
Asse ssm e nt of Ground w a t e r re sourc e s
Aquife r ge om e t ry ,II so
so-tt ra nsm issivit y/ I soso
hydra ulic c onduc t ivit y a nd yie ld pot e nt ia l m a p
Hy
ydroge
g ologic
g a l m a p of t he a re a .
Water shed
Gajara
Geo. Area
Geo
(sq.km)
Area
identified for
Artificial
Recharge
(sq km)
(sq.km)
Volume of
unsaturated
zone (mcm)
Average
250
3-6=153
153*1.5=230
0.02
6-9=60
6
9 60
60*4.5=270
60
4.5 270
specific
yield
Total
Storage
potential as
volume of
water (mcm
10.00
Ot he r sourc e s - Ca na l w at e r, t ra nc e ba sin w at e r
6. GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES
Chemical
Ch i l quality
li off ground
d waters
Spatial and temporal variations in
ground water quality.
g
q
y
Quality aspects of source water
St eep
Sl
Slope
( 20 - 10% )
Runoff zone
Moderat e
Slope
( 10 t o 5% )
zone
Con solida t e d
CCT,CCB& nala
plug
l
Se m i- Con solida t e d
CCT,CCB,
Un - con solida t e d
nala
plug
CCT,CCB
CCT
CCB
Gravit y Head
Recharge Well
CCT,CCB
CCT
CCB
Dit ch & Furrow
Gravit y Head
Pit s & Shaft s
Recharge Well Cont our Trench
Gravit y Head
Recharge Well
Deep Gravit y Head I nj ect ion Well* I nj ect ion Well*
Recharge Well
Recharge Shaft s*
Aqu ife r
sit u a t ion
Con fin e d/
Un con fin e
d
Unconfined
Recharge Shaft s*
Unconfined
Confined
Topogr a ph ic
slope
Moderat e t o
Gent le Slope
( 2 t o 5% )
Transit ion zone
Ge n t le Slope
( < 2% )
St or a ge Zon e
Con solida t e d
Nalah Bunds
Cont our Bunding
Percolat ion Tanks
Recharge Pit s
Canal I rrigat ion*
I nduced Recharge
Gravit y Head
Recharge Well*
Hydro- fract uring
Hydro
Deep Fract ure Seal
Cem ent at ion
Su r fa ce
I r r iga t ion
Re ch a r ge Pit s
Gr a vit y H e a d
Re ch a r ge W e lls
Gr a vit y H e a d
Re ch a r ge W e lls
( On
Lin e a m e n t s or
t h e ir
in t e r se ct ion s)
Se m i- Con solida t e d
I n j e ct ion W e lls
Un - con solida t e d
Flooding
St ream Channel
Modificat ion
I nduced Recharge
Gravit y Head
Recharge Well*
Well
Canal I rrigat ion
Recharge Shaft s*
Gravit y Head
Recharge Wells
Wells*
I nj ect ion Wells*
Floodin g*
Su r fa ce
Spr e a din g*
I n filt r a t ion
Ga lle r y
I n j e ct ion W e lls
Con n e ct or W e lls
Con fin e d/
Un con fin e d
Unconfined
Confined
Un con fin e d
Confined
Storage distribution
70 % earthen structures / Percolation tank - Surface spreading
30% Cement plug (Concrete / RCC Weir) - Bank storage
Density of Structure to be realistic / sq.km
sq km and All affected watershed area
to be benefited.
St
Storage
capacity
it off recharge
h
structures
t
t
Single fill
Percolation Tank
C
Cementt Pl
Plug
100 TCM
10 TCM
UTILISED
NUMBERS OF BUNDS
Contd..
A gap of 5 metres is thought fit in addition
to the slope
p distance i.e. 355 + 5 = 360
metre is the distance between two bunds
in the Gajara drainage segment of the
hills.
hills
The general formula for working out the
distance between two bunds is evolved as
follows;
Distance between two bunds = Distance
for a drop of 1m. (Slope) + 5 m.
Name of
watersh
ed
Amount of
Surface
water
considere
d
for
planning
Artificial
Recharge
g to
Ground
Water
Resources to be harnessed by
Estimated cost
of structure(in
( Lcs))
Percolation
Tanks (Average
Gross capacity
p
y
0.64 mcm)
Cement Plugs
(Average
Gross Capacity
p
y
0.05 mcm)
BCD (0.02
mcm
capacity
p
y
Percon
lation
MCM
No.s
MCM
Nos
MCM
Nos.
8.33
13
1.0
20
4.0
200
Tanks
10
Cement
Plugs
3.0
BCD
0.385
60
77
(MCM)
Gajara
13.33
130
CGWB
20
Proposed
28
Constructed
23
2.Percolation Tank
13
25
12
200
35
25
40
13
5.Desilting of pond
100
28
Estimated cost
Administrative Approval
Date 09.10.2002
Add. Chief Secretary - PHED
Government of Chhattisgarh
After-(2004 to 2007
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
Dep
pth of Water Level Below
w G.L. (m)
0
2
2004 05
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
MAR.
APR.
MAY
JUNE
JUL.
AUG.
SEPT.
OCT.
22
Time Period (months)
NOV.
DEC.
JAN.
FEB.
Foundation conditions
S b
Sub-surface
f
strata
t t conditions
diti
Spill way design
M t i l Survey
Material
S
Soils
Sand/rocks/bricks & tiles/Pea
Cement
Steel/Steel pipes/Slotted pipes/well screens
Action Plan
CHECK LIST
Finance
Ce nt ra l
St a t e
St a t e plus
Ce nt ra l
N GO/V O
I ndividua l
CSS- 1 0 0 %
Execution
Fix ing Age nc y
St a t e de pa rt m e nt s
I rriga t ion
PH ED
RED(Rura l Eng.De pt )
RGWSM
Pa nc ha ya t
CGWB
N GO/ V O/I nst it ut ions