Diabetes

Mellitus
with
Chronic
Obstructive
Pulmonary
Disease
In this modern century, individuals have gone through different lifestyle modifications. Due
to these changes, there has been an increase in health ailments too. The most common of

these ailments is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Diabetes affects many systems in our body. Here
we are going to discuss the manner in which Diabetes affects the pulmonary (lungs)
condition specific to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
In a Healthy Person
Pancreatic cells in the Islets of Langerhans continuously monitor blood glucose levels. After
a meal, the carbohydrates you eat are digested and broken down into glucose and other
sugars, which pass into the bloodstream. As your blood glucose levels rise, beta cells in the
pancreas respond by secreting Diabetes into the blood. Glucose then passes into your cells
and the liver shuts down glucose production. Between meals, Diabetes also prevents
excessive release of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream. If blood glucose levels drop
too low between meals, alpha cells in the pancreas release a hormone called glucagon. This
hormone signals the liver to convert amino acids and glycogen into glucose that is sent into
the blood.
In a Person with Diabetes
In Diabetes, this glucose balancing system is disrupted, either because too little Diabetes is
produced or because the bodys cells do not respond to Diabetes normally (a condition
called Diabetes resistance). The result is an unhealthy rise in blood glucose levels. If
Diabetes is left untreated, the two principal dangers are the immediate results of high blood
glucose levels (which include excessive urination, dehydration, intense thirst, and fatigue)
and long-term complications that can affect your eyes, nerves, kidneys, and large blood
vessels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome are particularly common medical
disorders and are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disturbances in
glucose metabolism are more common in COPD patients than in COPD free individuals.
COPD, Metabolic syndrome and type 2 DM are associated with advanced age, which may in
part explain this observation. It is well known that offspring of affected parents are more
likely to develop both COPD and type 2 DM. Due to delivery of low birth weight infants,
which is a known risk factor for both diseases. In addition, smoking can contribute to the
occurrence of these diseases via its effects on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.
However, the pathogenesis of glucose metabolism deregulation is likely to be much more
complex, whereby myriads of pathways are likely to be implicated, and much is still to be
discovered and clarified.
COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive disease that makes it hard
to breath. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amount of mucus, wheezing,
shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. Cigarette smoking is the leading
cause of COPD.
In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the
following

The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.

The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.
The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.

The airways make more mucus than usual, which can clog them.

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