Project Report AnSys Workbench - Nithin L Devasia

Project Report on Ansys
FLUENT AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

OF NACA 4515 AEROFOIL
Submitted By:
NITHIN L DEVASIA
VANROSS Jn.
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
Certificate
This is to certify that this project report entitled
FLUENT AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF NACA 4515
AEROFOIL is a complete record of the work done by
NITHIN L DEVASIA for the requirement of the award of
course on MASTER DIPLOMA IN PRODUCT DESIGN
AND ANALYSIS during the year 2014 from CADD
CENTRE, VANROSS Jn. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
Guided by:
Verified by:
Mr. RAHUL KRISHNAN

Senior CADD Engineer
CADD CENTRE
Vanross Jn.
Mr. TINU V G
Technical Leader
CADD CENTRE
Vanross Jn.
CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I also want to thank the CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram, for giving me

quality training in Ansys Workbench and providing me the opportunity and
facilities to pursue this project and present the report.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to my

concerned faculty, Mr. Rahul Krishnan Senior CADD Engineer of
CADD Centre, Vanross Junction, Thiruvananthapuram for his valuable
suggestions and guidance, especially for the technical information imparted by him
in both theory and practical session.
I also use this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to

Mr. TINU V G, Technical Leader of CADD Centre, for the encouragement
provided by him throughout my course.
I appreciate the team who made the efforts to create the CADD Centre
course material in such a simple and effective manner. It really motivated me to
explore more on the software further.
Last but not the least, I accord myself the privilege of thanking all other
members of CADD Centre who were directly and indirectly connected to this
project.
Nithin L Devasia
Table of Contents
PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................. 4
ABOUT CAE .................................................................................................................................... 5
ANSYS and its CAPABILITIES ...................................................................................................... 8
ABOUT THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................... 14
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT and PROBLEM DEFININTION ........................................................ 20
APPROACH AND PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................... 21
INFERENCE....................................................................................................................................... 60
SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................... 61
REFERENCE ...................................................................................................................................... 62
PREFACE
Nowadays we are depending more on computers due to their speed in data

processing, visualization capabilities, data storing in documentation as well as
numerical calculations etc. They have become an integral part of everyones daily
life. They find applications in communication, entertainment, accounting, and
scientific research and in production industries.
In production industries, computers are used from designing, controlling

manufacturing operations, etc., increasing efficiency and productivity. This
particular field of application being called Precise Engineering Cycle is further
classified into Computer Aided Designing (CAD), Computer Aided Engineering
(CAE) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM).
The product designers are posted with challenge to bring out products that
could exceed the expectations of the consumer consistently in product quality, price
and performance. Design engineers are constantly working on these challenges in
order to enhance the product quality and performance while reducing cost.
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools assists design engineers in achieving the
challenges posted to them time to time. There are of many application packages
which all particularly strong in specific areas of CAE. But there are also ones that
have good all-round capabilities like ANSYS, Altair HyperWorks, Abaqus, ADINA
etc.
ABOUT CAE
Computer aided engineering (CAE) refers to a collection of software and hardware

tools integrated into a system (computer) that is providing the circuit designer and
circuit troubleshooter with step-by-step assistance during each phase of the design
and analysis cycle, as well as during development, documentation, and
maintenance. Under the CAE umbrella a number of commonly called "automated
design tools," which are the software components of CAE, are revolutionizing and
transforming engineering environments from the "hands-on' way of conducting
business into a virtual or simulated "hands-on" mode of operating; and are having a
tremendous impact throughout all engineering disciplines. They have not yet
displaced bread boarding and other methods of developing circuit boards yet but
are making their presence known to the point of being totally necessary in the
design of certain devices. It is the intention of this report to promote the use of
these tools in the government by providing engineering management with an
overview of the hardware and software products available for electronic
simulation, while covering trends, new technologies, and costs.
CAE is also defined very broadly as The computer tools used to assist in
engineering design, development and optimization tasks. Models of systems may
be separated into static or dynamic systems, each having a particular purpose.
Static models are independent of time. Dynamic models are time varying.
Software tools that have been developed to support these activities are considered
CAE tools. CAE tools are being used, for example, to analyze the robustness and
performance of components and assemblies. The term encompasses simulation,
validation, and optimization of products and manufacturing tools. In the future,
CAE systems will be major providers of information to help support design teams
in decision making. In regard to information networks, CAE systems are
individually considered a single node on a total information network and each node
may interact with other nodes on the network. CAE systems can provide support to
businesses. This is achieved by the use of reference architectures and their ability
to place information views on the business process. Reference architecture is the
basis from which information model, especially product and manufacturing
models. The term CAE has also been used by some in the past to describe the use
of computer technology within engineering in a broader sense than just engineering
analysis. It was in this context that the term was coined by Jason Lemon, founder
of SDRC in the late 1970s. This definition is however better known today by the
terms CAx and PLM.
CAE areas covered include:
Stress analysis on components and assemblies using FEA (Finite Element

Analysis).
Thermal and fluid flow analysis Computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Multibody dynamics (MBD) & Kinematics.
Analysis tools for process simulation for operations such as casting,

molding, and die press forming.
Optimization of the product or process.
Safety analysis of postulate loss-of-coolant accident in nuclear reactor using

realistic thermal-hydraulics code.
In general, there are three phases in any computer-aided engineering task:
Pre-processing defining the model and environmental factors to be applied

to it. (typically a finite element model, but facet, voxel and thin sheet
methods are also used)
Analysis solver (usually performed on high powered computers)
Post-processing of results (using visualization tools)
This cycle is iterated, often many times, either manually or with the use of
commercial optimization software.
CAE tools are very widely used in the automotive industry. In fact, their use has
enabled the automakers to reduce product development cost and time while
improving the safety, comfort, and durability of the vehicles they produce. The
predictive capability of CAE tools has progressed to the point where much of the
design verification is now done using computer simulations rather than physical
prototype testing.
CAE dependability is based upon all proper assumptions as inputs and must
identify critical inputs. Even though there have been many advances in CAE, and it
is widely used in the engineering field, physical testing is still used as a final
confirmation for subsystems due to the fact that CAE cannot predict all variables in
complex assemblies (i.e. metal stretch, thinning).
Modeling & Analysis
Drafting & Design

NSYS and its CAPABILITIES
Design for assembly

.
Computer aided
manufacture
Dynamic analysis
Rapid control
prototyping
Finite element
analysis
Mechanism design
Discrete event
simulation
Computer
Aided
Engineering
Manufacture
Computer aided part
programming (CNC)
Distributed numerical
control
Coordinate measuring
Flexible
assembly/manufacturin
g systems
Production Planning
& Control
Scheduling Quality
control
Materials
requirements
planning
Just-in-time
manufacturing
ANSYS and its CAPABILITIES
ANSYS Workbench is the framework upon which the industrys broadest suite of
advanced engineering simulation technology is built. An innovative project
schematic view ties together the entire simulation process, guiding the user every
step of the way. Even complex multiphysics analyses can be performed with dragand-drop simplicity. With bi-directional CAD connectivity, an automated project
update mechanism, pervasive parameter management and integrated optimization
tools, the ANSYS Workbench platform delivers unprecedented productivity that
truly enables Simulation Driven Product Development.
The ANSYS Workbench framework hosts the following software products and
components:
COMMON TOOLS AND CAPABILITIES
ANSYS CAD connections
ANSYS Design Modeler
ANSYS Meshing
ANSYS DesignXplorer
FE Modeler
FLUID DYNAMICS
ANSYS CFX
ANSYS FLUENT
ANSYS Icepak
ANSYS POLYFLOW
ANSYS Multiphysics
STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
ANSYS Mechanical
ANSYS Structural
ANSYS Professional
EXPLICIT DYNAMICS
ANSYS Explicit STR
ANSYS AUTODYN
ANSYS LS-DYNA (setup-only in ANSYS Workbench)
ELECTROMAGNETICS
ANSYS Emag
TURBO SYSTEM
ANSYS BladeModeler
ANSYS TurboGrid
ANSYS Vista TF
OFFSHORE
ANSYS AQWA
CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

10
ANSYS Workbench Features

Bidirectional, parametric links with all major CAD systems
Integrated, analysis-focused geometry modeling, repair, and
simplification via ANSYS DesignModeler
Highly-automated, physics-aware meshing
Automatic contact detection
Unequalled depth of capabilities within individual physics disciplines
Unparalleled breadth of simulation technologies
Complete analysis systems that guide the user start-to-finish through an
analysis
Comprehensive multiphysics simulation with drag-and-drop ease of use
Flexible components enable tools to be deployed to best suit engineering
intent
Innovative project schematic view allows engineering intent, data
relationships, and the state of the project to be comprehended at a glance
Complex project schematics can be saved for re-use
Pervasive, project-level parameter management across all physics
Automated what-if analyses with integrated design point capability
Adaptive architecture with scripting and journaling capabilities and APIs
enabling rapid integration of new and third-party solutions
Drag-and-Drop Multiphysics
The ANSYS Workbench platform has been engineered for scalability. Building
complex, coupled analyses involving multiple physics is as easy as dragging in a
follow-on analysis system and dropping it onto the source analysis. Required data
11
transfer connections are formed automatically. As an example, consider the oneway fluid structure interaction (FSI) simulation shown schematically below.
Drag-and-drop multiphysics: forming a link in the project schematic (at left) achieves data
transfer between the different physics, and creates imported loads in the downstream
simulation (shown inside the ANSYS Mechanical application at right).
The ANSYS Workbench platform automatically forms a connection to share the

geometry for both the fluid and structural analyses, minimizing data storage and
making it easy to study the effects of geometry changes on both analyses. In
addition, a connection is formed to automatically transfer pressure loads from the
fluid analysis to the structural analysis.

12
Flexible Project Construction

Complete analysis systems are convenient because they contain all of the necessary
tasks or components to complete start-to-finish simulations for a wide variety of
physics. The project schematic has also been designed to be very flexible. You can
connect component systemstask-oriented, building block systemsin a wide
variety of ways to suit your analysis needs.

13
ABOUT THE PROJECT
An airfoil (in American English) or aerofoil (in British English) is the shape of a
wing or blade (of a propeller, rotor, or turbine) or sail as seen in cross-section.
An airfoil-shaped body moved through a fluid produces an aerodynamic force. The
component of this force perpendicular to the direction of motion is called lift. The
component parallel to the direction of motion is called drag. Subsonic flight airfoils
have a characteristic shape with a rounded leading edge, followed by a sharp
trailing edge, often with asymmetric curvature of upper and lower surfaces. Foils
of similar function designed with water as the working fluid are called hydrofoils.
The lift on an airfoil is primarily the result of its angle of attack and shape. When
oriented at a suitable angle, the airfoil deflects the oncoming air, resulting in a
force on the airfoil in the direction opposite to the deflection. This force is known
as aerodynamic force and can be resolved into two components: lift and drag. Most
foil shapes require a positive angle of attack to generate lift, but cambered airfoils
can generate lift at zero angle of attack. This "turning" of the air in the vicinity of
the airfoil creates curved streamlines which results in lower pressure on one side
and higher pressure on the other. This pressure difference is accompanied by a
velocity difference, via Bernoulli's principle, so the resulting flow field about the
airfoil has a higher average velocity on the upper surface than on the lower surface.
The lift force can be related directly to the average top/bottom velocity difference
without computing the pressure by using the concept of circulation and the KuttaJoukowski theorem.

14
Examples of airfoils in nature and within various vehicles. Though not strictly an airfoil, the
dolphin flipper obeys the same principles in a different fluid medium.
A fixed-wing aircraft's wings, horizontal, and vertical stabilizers are built with
airfoil-shaped cross sections, as are helicopter rotor blades. Airfoils are also found
in propellers, fans, compressors and turbines. Sails are also airfoils, and the
underwater surfaces of sailboats, such as the centerboard and keel, are similar in
cross-section and operate on the same principles as airfoils. Swimming and flying
creatures and even many plants and sessile organisms employ airfoils/hydrofoils:
common examples being bird wings, the bodies of fish, and the shape of sand
dollars. An airfoil-shaped wing can create down force on an automobile or other
motor vehicle, improving traction.
Any object with an angle of attack in a moving fluid, such as a flat plate, a
building, or the deck of a bridge, will generate an aerodynamic force (called lift)
15
perpendicular to the flow. Airfoils are more efficient lifting shapes, able to
generate more lift (up to a point), and to generate lift with less drag.
A lift and drag curve obtained in wind tunnel testing is shown on the right. The
curve represents an airfoil with a positive camber so some lift is produced at zero
angle of attack. With increased angle of attack, lift increases in a roughly linear
relation, called the slope of the lift curve. At about 18 degrees this airfoil stalls, and
lift falls off quickly beyond that. The drop in lift can be explained by the action of
the upper-surface boundary layer, which separates and greatly thickens over the
upper surface at and past the stall angle. The thickened boundary layer's
displacement thickness changes the airfoil's effective shape in particular it reduces
its effective camber, which modifies the overall flow field so as to reduce the
circulation and the lift. The thicker boundary layer also causes a large increase in
pressure drag, so that the overall drag increases sharply near and past the stall
point.
Airfoil design is a major facet of aerodynamics. Various airfoils serve different
flight regimes. Asymmetric airfoils can generate lift at zero angle of attack, while a
symmetric airfoil may better suit frequent inverted flight as in an aerobatic
airplane. In the region of the ailerons and near a wingtip a symmetric airfoil can be
used to increase the range of angles of attack to avoid spinstall. Thus a large
range of angles can be used without boundary layer separation. Subsonic airfoils
have a round leading edge, which is naturally insensitive to the angle of attack. The
cross section is not strictly circular, however: the radius of curvature is increased
before the wing achieves maximum thickness to minimize the chance of boundary
layer separation. This elongates the wing and moves the point of maximum
thickness back from the leading edge.
16
Supersonic airfoils are much more angular in shape and can have a very sharp
leading edge, which is very sensitive to angle of attack. A supercritical airfoil has
its maximum thickness close to the leading edge to have a lot of length to slowly
shock the supersonic flow back to subsonic speeds. Generally such transonic
airfoils and also the supersonic airfoils have a low camber to reduce drag
divergence. Modern aircraft wings may have different airfoil sections along the
wing span, each one optimized for the conditions in each section of the wing.
Movable high-lift devices, flaps and sometimes slats, are fitted to airfoils on almost
every aircraft. A trailing edge flap acts similarly to an aileron; however, it, as
opposed to an aileron, can be retracted partially into the wing if not used.
A laminar flow wing has a maximum thickness in the middle camber line.
Analyzing the NavierStokes equations in the linear regime shows that a negative
pressure gradient along the flow has the same effect as reducing the speed. So with
the maximum camber in the middle, maintaining a laminar flow over a larger
percentage of the wing at a higher cruising speed is possible. However, with rain or
insects on the wing, or for jetliner speeds, this does not work. Since such a wing
stalls more easily, this airfoil is not used on wingtips (spin-stall again).
Schemes have been devised to define airfoils an example is the NACA system.
Various airfoil generation systems are also used. An example of a general purpose
airfoil that finds wide application, and predates the NACA system, is the Clark-Y.
Today, airfoils can be designed for specific functions using inverse design
programs such as PROFOIL, XFOIL and Aerofoil. XFOIL is an online program
created by Mark Drela that will design and analyze subsonic isolated airfoils.

17
FLUENT AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF NACA 4515

AEROFOIL
The NACA airfoils are airfoil shapes for aircraft wings developed by the National
Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The shape of the NACA airfoils is
described using a series of digits following the word "NACA". The parameters in
the numerical code can be entered into equations to precisely generate the crosssection of the airfoil and calculate its properties.
The NACA four-digit wing sections define the profile by:
1. First digit describing maximum camber as percentage of the chord.
2. Second digit describing the distance of maximum camber from the airfoil
leading edge in tens of percent of the chord.
3. Last two digits describing maximum thickness of the airfoil as percent of the
chord.
For example, the NACA 2412 airfoil has a maximum camber of 2% located 40%
(0.4 chords) from the leading edge with a maximum thickness of 12% of the chord.
Four-digit series airfoils by default have maximum thickness at 30% of the chord
(0.3 chords) from the leading edge.
The NACA 0015 airfoil is symmetrical, the 00 indicating that it has no camber.
The 15 indicates that the airfoil has a 15% thickness to chord length ratio: it is 15%
as thick as it is long.

18
AIRFOIL TERMINOLOGY
AIRFOIL NOMENCLATURE
The various terms related to airfoils are defined below:
The suction surface (a.k.a. upper surface) is generally associated with higher
velocity and lower static pressure.
The pressure surface (a.k.a. lower surface) has a comparatively higher static
pressure than the suction surface. The pressure gradient between these two
surfaces contributes to the lift force generated for a given airfoil.
The geometry of the airfoil is described with a variety of terms:
The leading edge is the point at the front of the airfoil that has maximum
curvature (minimum radius).
The trailing edge is defined similarly as the point of maximum curvature at

the rear of the airfoil.
The chord line is the straight line connecting leading and trailing edges. The
chord length, or simply chord , is the length of the chord line. That is the
reference dimension of the airfoil section.
19
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT and PROBLEM DEFININTION
The Scope of this project is to design a 4515 aerofoil to work under extreme
conditions without undergoing failure. To prove this, we need to analyze the
aerofoil under a defined inlet velocity of 138 m/s in ANSYS FLUENT and a
structural analysis is carried out to find whether it is structurally stable under the
extreme conditions using ANSYS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS. If the values
obtained from analysis is safe hence the design can be used for practical
application.
In this project, I am going to analyze fluid (air) flow over the NACA 4515 Aerofoil
and its Structural Analysis.

20
APPROACH AND PROCEDURE
MODELING
The coordinate text file is imported in the design modeler and 3D curve is
generated using the coordinates given below
Group Point
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
1
10
1
11
1
12
1
13
1
14
1
15
1
16
1
17
1
18
1
19
1
20
1
21
1
22
1
23
1
24
1
25
1
26
1
27
1
28
1
29
1
30
1
31
1
32
1
33
1
34
1
35
1
36
X_cord
1.00000
0.99893
0.99572
0.99039
0.98296
0.97347
0.96194
0.94844
0.93301
0.91573
0.89668
0.87592
0.85355
0.82967
0.80438
0.77779
0.75000
0.72114
0.69134
0.66072
0.62941
0.59755
0.56526
0.53270
0.50000
0.46730
0.43474
0.40245
0.37059
0.33928
0.30866
0.27886
0.25000
0.22221
0.19562
0.17033
Y-cord
0.00000
0.00039
0.00156
0.00349
0.00610
0.00932
0.01303
0.01716
0.02166
0.02652
0.03171
0.03717
0.04283
0.04863
0.05453
0.06048
0.06642
0.07227
0.07795
0.08341
0.08858
0.09341
0.09785
0.10185
0.10538
0.10837
0.11076
0.11248
0.11345
0.11361
0.11294
0.11141
0.10903
0.10584
0.10190
0.09726
Z-cord
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

21
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
0.14645
0.09195
0.12408 0.08607
0
0.10332 0.07970
0
0.08427 0.07283
0
0.06699 0.06541
0
0.05156 0.05753
0
0.03806 0.04937
0
0.02653 0.04118
0
0.01704 0.03303
0
0.00961 0.02489
0
0.00428 0.01654
0
0.00107 0.00825
0
0.00000 0.00075
0
0.00107 -0.00566
0
0.00428 -0.01102
0
0.00961 -0.01590
0
0.01704 -0.02061
0
0.02653 -0.02502
0
0.03806 -0.02915
0
0.05156 -0.03281
0
0.06699 -0.03582
0
0.08427 -0.03817
0
0.10332 -0.03991
0
0.12408 -0.04106
0
0.14645 -0.04166
0
0.17033 -0.04177
0
0.19562 -0.04147
0
0.22221 -0.04078
0
0.25000 -0.03974
0
0.27886 -0.03845
0
0.30866 -0.03700
0
0.33928 -0.03547
0
0.37059 -0.03390
0
0.40245 -0.03229
0
0.43474 -0.03063
0
0.46730 -0.02891
0
0.50000 -0.02713
0
0.53270 -0.02529
0
0.56526 -0.02340
0
0.59755 -0.02149
0
0.62941 -0.01958
0
0.66072 -0.01772
0
0.69134 -0.01596
0
0.72114 -0.01430
0
0.75000 -0.01277
0

22
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
0.77779
0.80438
0.82967
0.85355
0.87592
0.89668
0.91573
0.93301
0.94844
0.96194
0.97347
0.98296
0.99039
0.99572
0.99893
-0.01136
-0.01006
-0.00886
-0.00775
-0.00674
-0.00583
-0.00502
-0.00431
-0.00364
-0.00297
-0.00227
-0.00156
-0.00092
-0.00042
-0.00011
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MATERIAL PROPERTY
Material 1 Air
Isentropic Relative Permeability of air =1
Material 2 Aluminum alloy
Properties of aluminum alloy:
Density = 2770 kg m-3
Young's Modulus = 71x 109 Pa
Poisson's Ratio = 0.33
Tensile Yield Strength = 28x107 Pa
Tensile Ultimate Strength = 31x107 Pa
Specific Heat = 875 J kg-1 C-1

23
MESHING
The Blue colour surface indicates Air Inlet

The Red colour surface indicates Air Outlet
The White colour body indicates the Aerofoil
The remaining four yellow colour surfaces are symmetrical and acts as a wall

24
Fig 1
Fig 1 shows the meshing of whole body i.e. the aerofoil and the close surface.

25
Fig 2
Fig 2 represents the closer view of meshed Aerofoil.
Total no. of nodes = 96477

Total no. of elements = 543160

26
Details of meshing

27
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
FOR FLUENT
The front surface is assumed as the Velocity inlet and the rear surface is
assumed as the pressure outlet.
The inlet velocity of air is defined as 138 m/s and the pressure at the exit is
set as 0 Pascal.
Number of iterations is set as 100
FOR STATIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
1. Fixed support
The Scoping method is changed to Named selection from geometry selection.

Fixed support is assigned to the Connection face of Wing.

28
2. Fluid Solid Interface

29

30
RESULTS
FLUENT

31
Contour option is selected from the Fluent window and

the left surface is selected from the pop up window.
Display tab is clicked for the result.
And the contours of static pressure are observed.

32
A plane is created with co-ordinates

X1= 0
y1=0
z1= -5
X2= 5
y2=0
z1= -5
X3= 0
y1= 5 z1= -5

33

X1= 0
y1=0
z1= -7
X2= 5
y2=0
z1= -7
X3= 0
y1= 5 z1= -7

34

X1= 0
y1=0
z1= -8
X2= 5
y2=0
z1= -8
X3= 0
y1= 5 z1= -8

35
Isometric View of the Aerofoil.

The contours of static pressure are observed.
The static pressure has low values as it extends from left to
right from the top surface of the aerofoil.

36
Isometric View 2 of the Aerofoil.

The contours of static pressure are observed.
The static pressure has maximum value at the bottom
surface of the aerofoil.

37
Vectors option is selected from the Fluent window and the

left surface is selected from the pop up window. Display
tab is clicked for the result.
And the velocity vectors colored by Velocity magnitude
(m/s) are observed.

38
X1= 0
y1=0
z1= -5
X2= 5
y2=0
z1= -5
X3= 0
y1= 5 z1= -5
And the velocity vectors colored by Velocity magnitude in

m/s are observed.

39
X1= 0
y1=0
z1= -7
X2= 5
y2=0
z1= -7
X3= 0
y1= 5 z1= -7
And the velocity vectors colored by Velocity magnitude in

m/s are observed.
40
STRUCTURAL
First Saved Monday, October 13, 2014
Last Saved Monday, October 13, 2014
Product Version
14.0 Release
Save Project Before Solution
No
Save Project After Solution
No
TABLE 1

41
Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius

Angle
Degrees
Rotational Velocity
rad/s
Temperature
Celsius
Model (C4)
Geometry
Object Name
State
Source
Type
Length Unit
Element Control
Display Style
Length X
Length Y
Length Z
Volume
Mass
Scale Factor Value
Bodies
Active Bodies
Nodes
Elements
Mesh Metric
Parameters
Parameter Key
Attributes
Named Selections
Material Properties
Use Associativity
Coordinate Systems
Reader Mode Saves
Updated File
Use Instances
Smart CAD Update
Attach File Via Temp
File
Temporary Directory
TABLE 2
Model (C4) > Geometry
Geometry
Fully Defined
Definition
E:\ANSYS WORKBENCH\Nithin Devasia\ANSYS Project\CFD and Structural
Analysis of NACA 4415 Aerofoil_files\dp0\Geom\DM\Geom.agdb
DesignModeler
Millimeters
Program Controlled
Body Color
Bounding Box
17.324 m
8.5843 m
10. m
Properties
0.12124 m
335.83 kg
1.
Statistics
2
1
76553
39122
None
Basic Geometry Options
Yes
DS
No
No
No
Advanced Geometry Options
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
C:\Users\SDA\AppData\Roaming\Ansys\v140

42
Analysis Type
Decompose Disjoint
Faces
Enclosure and
Symmetry
Processing
3-D
Yes
Yes
TABLE 3
Model (C4) > Geometry > Parts
WING
AIR
Object Name
State
Meshed
Suppressed
Graphics Properties
Visible
Yes
No
Transparency
1
Definition
Suppressed
No
Yes
Stiffness Behavior
Flexible
Coordinate System
Default Coordinate System
Reference Temperature
By Environment
Material
Assignment Aluminum Alloy
Structural Steel
Nonlinear Effects
Yes
Thermal Strain Effects
Yes
Bounding Box
Length X
1.8088 m
17.324 m
Length Y
0.34196 m
8.5843 m
Length Z
7. m
10. m
Properties
Volume 0.12124 m
1484.7 m
Mass
335.83 kg
1.1655e+007 kg
Centroid X
0.84176 m
0.32265 m
Centroid Y -2.9072e-002 m
0.4867 m
Centroid Z
-3.4821 m
-5.0024 m
Moment of Inertia Ip1 1686.2 kgm 1.6885e+008 kgm
Statistics
Nodes
76553
0
Elements
39122
0
Mesh Metric
None
Coordinate Systems

43
TABLE 4
Model (C4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State
Fully Defined
Definition
Type
Cartesian
Coordinate System ID
0.
Origin
Origin X
0. m
Origin Y
0. m
Origin Z
0. m
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data
[ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data
[ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data
[ 0. 0. 1. ]
Connections
TABLE 5
Model (C4) > Connections
Object Name Connections
State Fully Defined
Auto Detection
Generate Automatic Connection On Refresh
Yes
Transparency
Enabled
Yes
TABLE 6
Model (C4) > Connections > Contacts
Contacts
Object Name
State
Suppressed
Definition
Connection Type
Contact
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry
All Bodies
Auto Detection
Tolerance Type
Slider
Tolerance Slider
0.
Tolerance Value
5.4418e-002 m
Use Range
No
Face/Face
Yes
Face/Edge
No
Edge/Edge
No
Priority
Include All
Group By
Bodies
Search Across
Bodies
TABLE 7
Model (C4) > Connections > Contacts > Contact Regions

44
Object Name Contact Region

State
Suppressed
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Contact
5 Faces
Target
No Selection
Contact Bodies
WING
Target Bodies
AIR
Definition
Type
Bonded
Scope Mode
Automatic
Behavior Program Controlled
Suppressed
No
Advanced
Formulation Program Controlled
Detection Method Program Controlled
Normal Stiffness Program Controlled
Update Stiffness Program Controlled
Pinball Region Program Controlled
Mesh
TABLE 8
Model (C4) > Mesh
Mesh
Object Name
State
Solved
Defaults
Physics Preference
Mechanical
Relevance
0
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function
Off
Relevance Center
Coarse
Element Size
Default
Initial Size Seed
Active Assembly
Smoothing
Medium
Transition
Fast
Span Angle Center
Coarse
Minimum Edge Length
5.e-003 m
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation
None
Inflation Option
Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio
0.272
Maximum Layers
5
Growth Rate
1.2
Inflation Algorithm
Pre
View Advanced Options
No
Patch Conforming Options
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Advanced

45
Shape Checking Standard Mechanical

Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements
No
Number of Retries
Default (4)
Extra Retries For Assembly
Yes
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Mesh Morphing
Disabled
Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance
Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh
No
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing
On
Defeaturing Tolerance
Default
Statistics
Nodes
76553
Elements
39122
Mesh Metric
None
Named Selections
TABLE 9
Model (C4) > Named Selections > Named Selections
Object Name ConnectionFaceofWing WingPeripherals Aircontcatsurafce AirInlet AirOutlet
State
Fully Defined
Suppressed
Scope
Scoping Method
Geometry Selection
Geometry
1 Face
3 Faces
No Selection
Definition
Send to Solver
Yes
Visible
Yes
Program Controlled
Exclude
Inflation
Statistics
Type
Imported
Total Selection
1 Face
3 Faces
1 Face
Suppressed
0
3
1
Used by Mesh Worksheet
No
TABLE 10
Model (C4) > Named Selections > Named Selections
Object Name LeftSurface Toprightbottomsurfaces
State
Suppressed
Scope
Scoping Method
Geometry Selection
Geometry
No Selection
Definition
Send to Solver
Yes
Visible
Yes
Program Controlled Inflation
Exclude
Statistics
Type
Imported

46
Total Selection
Suppressed
Used by Mesh Worksheet
1 Face
1
3 Faces
3
No
Static Structural (C5)

TABLE 11
Model (C4) > Analysis
Object Name Static Structural (C5)
State
Solved
Definition
Physics Type
Structural
Analysis Type
Static Structural
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Environment Temperature
22. C
Generate Input Only
No
Object Name
State
Restart Type
Status
Number Of Steps
Current Step Number
Step End Time
Auto Time Stepping
Solver Type
Weak Springs
Large Deflection
Inertia Relief
Generate Restart
Points
Retain Files After Full
Solve
Force Convergence
Moment
Convergence
Displacement
Convergence
Rotation
Convergence
Line Search
Stabilization
TABLE 12
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Analysis Settings
Analysis Settings
Fully Defined
Restart Analysis
Program Controlled
Done
Step Controls
1.
1.
1. s
Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Program Controlled
Program Controlled
Off
Off
Restart Controls
Program Controlled
Yes
Nonlinear Controls
Program Controlled
Program Controlled
Program Controlled
Program Controlled
Program Controlled
Off

47
Output Controls
Stress
Strain
Nodal Forces
Contact
Miscellaneous
General
Miscellaneous
Calculate Results At
Max Number of
Result Sets
Solver Files Directory
Future Analysis
Scratch Solver Files
Directory
Save MAPDL db
Delete Unneeded
Files
Nonlinear Solution
Solver Units
Solver Unit System
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
All Time Points
Program Controlled
Analysis Data Management
E:\ANSYS WORKBENCH\Nithin Devasia\ANSYS Project\CFD and Structural
Analysis of NACA 4415 Aerofoil_files\dp0\SYS\MECH\
None
No
Yes
No
Active System
mks
TABLE 13
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Loads
Fixed Support
Fluid Solid Interface
Object Name
State
Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method
Named Selection
Named Selection ConnectionFaceofWing WingPeripherals
Definition
Type
Fixed Support
Fluid Solid Interface
Suppressed
No
Interface Number
1.
Solution (C6)
TABLE 14
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution
Object Name Solution (C6)
State
Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops
1.
Refinement Depth
2.
Information
Status
Done
TABLE 15

48
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information

State
Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output
Solver Output
Newton-Raphson Residuals
0
Update Interval
2.5 s
Display Points
All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility
Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To
All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results
No
Line Thickness
Single
Display Type
Lines
Object Name
State
Scoping Method
Geometry
Type
By
Display Time
Calculate Time
History
Identifier
Suppressed
Display Option
Minimum
Maximum
Time
Load Step
Substep
Iteration Number
TABLE 16
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Results
Maximum Principal
Minimum Principal
Equivalent Stress
Stress
Stress
Solved
Scope
Geometry Selection
1 Face
All Bodies
Definition
Equivalent (von-Mises) Maximum Principal
Minimum Principal
Stress
Stress
Stress
Time
Last
Total
Deformation
Total
Deformation
Yes
No
Integration Point Results
Averaged
Results
31980 Pa
-7.1972e+007 Pa
2.6611e+008 Pa
4.2613e+008 Pa
Information
1. s
1
1
5
-3.9676e+008 Pa
1.2876e+008 Pa
0. m
0.41933 m

49
FIGURE 1
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Equivalent Stress > Image

50
FIGURE 2
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Maximum Principal Stress > Image

51
FIGURE 3
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Minimum Principal Stress > Image

52
FIGURE 4
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Total Deformation > Image

53
TABLE 17
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Probes
Object Name Force Reaction Moment Reaction

State
Solved
Definition
Type Force Reaction Moment Reaction
Location Method
Boundary Condition
Boundary Condition
Fixed Support
Orientation
Global Coordinate System
Suppressed
No
Summation
Centroid
Options
Result Selection
All
Display Time
End Time
Results
X Axis
-4909.8 N
-4.1227e+005 Nm
Y Axis -1.2853e+005 N
19599 Nm
Z Axis
1530.7 N
19913 Nm
Total 1.2863e+005 N 4.1322e+005 Nm
Maximum Value Over Time
X Axis
-4909.8 N
-4.1227e+005 Nm
Y Axis -1.2853e+005 N
19599 Nm
Z Axis
1530.7 N
19913 Nm
Total 1.2863e+005 N 4.1322e+005 Nm
Minimum Value Over Time
X Axis
-4909.8 N
-4.1227e+005 Nm
Y Axis -1.2853e+005 N
19599 Nm
Z Axis
1530.7 N
19913 Nm
Total 1.2863e+005 N 4.1322e+005 Nm
Information
Time
1. s
Load Step
1
Substep
1
Iteration Number
5

54
FIGURE 5
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Force Reaction > Image

55
FIGURE 6
Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Moment Reaction > Image
Material Data
Aluminum Alloy
TABLE 18
Aluminum Alloy > Constants
Density 2770 kg m^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 2.3e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 875 J kg^-1 C^-1
TABLE 19
Aluminum Alloy > Compressive Ultimate Strength
Compressive Ultimate Strength Pa
0

56
TABLE 20
Aluminum Alloy > Compressive Yield Strength
Compressive Yield Strength Pa
2.8e+008
TABLE 21
Aluminum Alloy > Tensile Yield Strength
Tensile Yield Strength Pa
2.8e+008
TABLE 22
Aluminum Alloy > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa
3.1e+008
TABLE 23
Aluminum Alloy > Isotropic Secant Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Reference Temperature C
22
TABLE 24
Aluminum Alloy > Isotropic Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity W m^-1 C^-1 Temperature C
114
-100
144
0
165
100
175
200
TABLE 25
Aluminum Alloy > Alternating Stress R-Ratio
Alternating Stress Pa
Cycles R-Ratio
2.758e+008
1700
-1
2.413e+008
5000
-1
2.068e+008
34000
-1
1.724e+008
1.4e+005
-1
1.379e+008
8.e+005
-1
1.172e+008
2.4e+006
-1
8.963e+007
5.5e+007
-1
8.274e+007
1.e+008
-1
1.706e+008
50000
-0.5
1.396e+008
3.5e+005 -0.5
1.086e+008
3.7e+006 -0.5
8.791e+007
1.4e+007 -0.5
7.757e+007
5.e+007
-0.5
7.239e+007
1.e+008
-0.5
1.448e+008
50000
0
1.207e+008
1.9e+005
0
1.034e+008
1.3e+006
0
9.308e+007
4.4e+006
0

57
8.618e+007
7.239e+007
7.412e+007
7.067e+007
6.636e+007
6.205e+007
1.2e+007
1.e+008
3.e+005
1.5e+006
1.2e+007
1.e+008
0
0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
TABLE 26
Aluminum Alloy > Isotropic Resistivity
Resistivity ohm m Temperature C
2.43e-008
0
2.67e-008
20
3.63e-008
100
TABLE 27
Aluminum Alloy > Isotropic Elasticity
Temperature C Young's Modulus Pa Poisson's Ratio Bulk Modulus Pa Shear Modulus Pa
7.1e+010
0.33
6.9608e+010
2.6692e+010
TABLE 28
Aluminum Alloy > Isotropic Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability
1
Structural Steel
TABLE 29
Structural Steel > Constants
Density 7850 kg m^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.2e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 434 J kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 60.5 W m^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 1.7e-007 ohm m
TABLE 30
Structural Steel > Compressive Ultimate Strength
Compressive Ultimate Strength Pa
0
TABLE 31
Structural Steel > Compressive Yield Strength
Compressive Yield Strength Pa
2.5e+008
TABLE 32
Structural Steel > Tensile Yield Strength
Tensile Yield Strength Pa
2.5e+008

58
TABLE 33
Structural Steel > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa
4.6e+008
TABLE 34
Structural Steel > Isotropic Secant Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Reference Temperature C
22
TABLE 35
Structural Steel > Alternating Stress Mean Stress
Alternating Stress Pa Cycles Mean Stress Pa
3.999e+009
10
0
2.827e+009
20
0
1.896e+009
50
0
1.413e+009
100
0
1.069e+009
200
0
4.41e+008
2000
0
2.62e+008
10000
0
2.14e+008
20000
0
1.38e+008
1.e+005
0
1.14e+008
2.e+005
0
8.62e+007
1.e+006
0
Strength
Coefficient Pa
9.2e+008
TABLE 36
Structural Steel > Strain-Life Parameters
Strength
Ductility
Ductility
Cyclic Strength
Cyclic Strain
Exponent
Coefficient
Exponent
Coefficient Pa Hardening Exponent
-0.106
0.213
-0.47
1.e+009
0.2
TABLE 37
Structural Steel > Isotropic Elasticity
Temperature C Young's Modulus Pa Poisson's Ratio Bulk Modulus Pa Shear Modulus Pa
2.e+011
0.3
1.6667e+011
7.6923e+010
TABLE 38
Structural Steel > Isotropic Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability
10000

59
INFERENCE
From the Fluid flow analysis it is observed that the maximum value of static
pressure which is exerted by the air on the surface of the aerofoil is 12600 Pascal
and the maximum magnitude of velocity of air leaving from the surface of aerofoil
is found to be 235 m/s. So according to the protocols of National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics, the value of Static pressure and Magnitude of velocity
are under the permissible limits and hence the design is fluid dynamically safe,
hence for finding out the structural stability of the design, a static structural
analysis coupled with Workbench system coupling is conducted and the values of
Equivalent stress, Maximum and Minimum Principal Stress, Total deformation,
Force and Moment reactions are obtained.
The maximum value of Von misses stress is found out to be 266.11 MPa,
Maximum principal stress is 426.13 MPa, Minimum principal stress is 128.76 MPa
and Maximum deformation is 419.33 mm.
The above obtained values are within the desired limits according to National
Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), hence the design is structurally
safe.

60
SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The fluid flow and structural analysis can be carried out for a different value of the
inlet air velocity and the angle of attack and camber angle may be changed in order
to get different result.
Fluid flow and Structural analysis of NACA 4515 Aerofoil is carried out with
Ansys Workbench and the required results are obtained. The results are found
successful and the aerofoil can be used for practical application.

61
REFERENCE
NACA Aerofoil Wikipedia

Aerofoil Wikipedia
Ansys Workbench Reference guide
Ansys Design Exploration Ansys Inc.
NACA 4 digit profile generator

62

Project Report AnSys Workbench - Nithin L Devasia

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Project Report AnSys Workbench - Nithin L Devasia

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Project Report on Ansys

FLUENT AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Mr. RAHUL KRISHNAN

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 1

I also want to thank the CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram, for giving me

I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to my

I also use this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 2

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 3

Nowadays we are depending more on computers due to their speed in data

In production industries, computers are used from designing, controlling

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 4

Computer aided engineering (CAE) refers to a collection of software and hardware

Stress analysis on components and assemblies using FEA (Finite Element

Thermal and fluid flow analysis Computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Multibody dynamics (MBD) & Kinematics.

Analysis tools for process simulation for operations such as casting,

Optimization of the product or process.

Safety analysis of postulate loss-of-coolant accident in nuclear reactor using

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 6

In general, there are three phases in any computer-aided engineering task:

Pre-processing defining the model and environmental factors to be applied

Analysis solver (usually performed on high powered computers)

Post-processing of results (using visualization tools)

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 7

Modeling & Analysis

Drafting & Design

Design for assembly

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench | 8

ANSYS and its CAPABILITIES

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

ANSYS Workbench Features

The ANSYS Workbench platform automatically forms a connection to share the

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

Flexible Project Construction

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

ABOUT THE PROJECT

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

FLUENT AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF NACA 4515

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

The geometry of the airfoil is described with a variety of terms:

The trailing edge is defined similarly as the point of maximum curvature at

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT and PROBLEM DEFININTION

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

APPROACH AND PROCEDURE

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

The Blue colour surface indicates Air Inlet

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

Fig 2 represents the closer view of meshed Aerofoil.

Total no. of nodes = 96477

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

The Scoping method is changed to Named selection from geometry selection.

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

2. Fluid Solid Interface

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |

Contour option is selected from the Fluent window and

CADD Centre Thiruvananthapuram | Ansys Workbench |