ANALISIS Y DISEO DE LOSAS ALIGERADAS

TIPO DE ALIGERADO :

TIPO 1

e losa
h lad.

0.10 m
Determinacin del Espesor de la Losa

luz =

bw

l. lad.

bw

l. lad.

El Metrado de
Cargas, se va
realizar en un
metro de ancho:
2,5 viguetas; 2,5
ladrillos y con un
ancho tributario de
40 cm.

luz
21
_ h=

5m
Se toma =

0.30 m

0.238095238 m

0.20 m

esp. Losa =
h ladrillo =

0.05 m
0.15 m

Determinacin de la Carga Ultima

Carga Viva:
Peso propio de la losa
P. Losa =
120 kg/m2
P. Vigueta = 90 kg/m2
P. Ladrillo = 90 kg/m2

Sobrecarga, segn Norma E-020 es 200 kg/m

P.P. =

Wcm =

840 kg/m2

Wcv =
Wcu =

Vigas =
Columnas =

0.25 x 0.35
0.25 x 0.30

Peso muerto
Carga de tabiquera equivalente
Sobrecarga

300 kg/m2

1180 kg/m2

340 kg/m2

2.52 m

2.65 m

Verificaremos si es que es aplicable los coeficientes del ACI:

1. Nmero de tramos =
3
OK
2. Diferencia de longitud =
Tramo 1 - Tramo 2 =
Tramo 2 - Tramo 3 =
3. Relacin Carga Viva / Carga Muerta = 0.33
OK

2.2 m

0.05
-0.17

OK
OK

Es aplicable los coeficientes

pero vamos a disear con el segundo
mtodo (hallar momentos por el mtodo
jardy croos)

Hallando los Momentos de Empotramiento Perfecto:

WU xL12
12

-0.624456

WU xL12

12

0.624456

MAB
ANALISIS

MBA

I. Carga Ultima

1.18 Tn/m2

G
1.000
-0.624
0.017

2.52 m

2.65 m

0.513 0.487
0.624 -0.691
0.034 0.032

2.2 m
0.454 0.546
0.691 -0.476
0.016

D
1.000
0.476

0.608

0.304 -0.052
-0.129 -0.123
0.833 -0.833

0.000

-0.105 -0.126

-0.063
-0.413
0.000

0.602 -0.602

0.8332143 Tn-m/m

0.602 Tn-m/m

0.5 Tn-m/m

0.3 Tn-m/m

0.413 Tn-m/m

II. Combinacin de Carga N 01

1.18 Tn/m2

1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

2.52 m
1.000
-0.624
-0.034
0.659

2.65 m
0.513
0.624
-0.068
0.329
-0.171
0.715

0.000

D
2.2 m

0.487
-0.492
-0.065
0.004
-0.162
-0.715

0.454 0.546
0.492 -0.476
-0.032
0.008 0.009

0.467 Tn-m/m

0.6 Tn-m/m

0.005
-0.481
0.000

0.467 -0.467

0.7148867 Tn-m/m

1.000
0.476

0.1 Tn-m/m

0.481 Tn-m/m

III. Combinacin de Carga N 02

1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

0.84 Tn/m2

2.52 m

2.65 m

1.000
-0.445
0.063
0.381

0.513
0.445
0.126
0.191
-0.050
0.711

0.000

0.487
-0.691
0.120
-0.093
-0.047
-0.711

0.71 Tn-m/m

2.2 m
0.454 0.546
0.691 -0.339
0.060
-0.187 -0.225
0.564 -0.564

1.000
0.339
-0.112
-0.226
0.000

0.56 Tn-m/m

0.3 Tn-m/m

0.4 Tn-m/m

0.226 Tn-m/m

IV. Combinacin de Carga N 03

1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

2.52 m
1.000
-0.624
0.017
0.608
0.000

2.65 m
0.513
0.624
0.034
0.304
-0.113
0.849

0.487
-0.691
0.032
-0.083
-0.107
-0.849

2.2 m
0.454 0.546
0.691 -0.339
0.016
-0.167 -0.201
0.540 -0.540

1.000
0.339
-0.100
-0.238
0.000

0.85 Tn-m/m

0.54 Tn-m/m

0.51 Tn-m/m

0.34 Tn-m/m
0.24 Tn-m/m

V. Combinacin de Carga N 04
1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

2.52 m

2.65 m

1.000
-0.445
0.012
0.432

0.513
0.445
0.024
0.216
-0.108
0.577

0.000

2.2 m

0.487
-0.492
0.023
-0.006
-0.102
-0.577

0.454 0.546
0.492 -0.476
0.011
-0.012 -0.015

-0.007
-0.469
0.000

0.491 -0.491

0.58 Tn-m/m

0.49 Tn-m/m

1.000
0.476

E3

0.38 Tn-m/m

D4

0.20 Tn-m/m

0.47 Tn-m/m

Envolvente:
0.8 Tn-m/m

0.602 Tn-m/m

0.3 Tn-m/m

0.2 Tn-m/m

wl 2
24

wl 2
24
F

E3

0.58 Tn-m/m

D4

0.40 Tn-m/m

0.48 Tn-m/m

DISEO DEL REFUERZO DE LA LOSA

A. Para Momentos Positivos:
Mu =
fy =
rec. =
=

b
5 cm

0.579 Tn-m/m
4200 kg/cm2
2 cm
1/2 ''
_

d=

f'c =
b=
h=
A=

210 kg/cm2
100 cm
20 cm
1.27 cm2

17.37 cm

15 cm

Posicin del eje neutro:

asumir que:

u
As 0.9 * f M
y * (d a / 2)

c = hf = 5 cm
As =

1.01 cm2/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

Area de acero en un metro de aligerado:

Tramo 1 - 2 :

As =

As * f y
0.85 * f c' * b

Mr * As * fy * d a2

579.24 kg-m/m
2039.23 kg-m/m

a = 4.25 cm

a=

0.40 cm2

3.175 cm2/m

0.75 cm
c = 0.88 cm

1
As =

c=
<

0.88 cm

hf = 5 cm

El eje neutro est en el ala y se analiza como viga rectangular.

Mr =
=

2039.23 kg-m/m
As
3.175 cm2/m

As = 0.901854 cm2/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

Tramo 2 - 3 :

398.21 kg-m/m
2039.23 kg-m/m

1
As =

0.36 cm2
=

As
3.175 cm2/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

1/2 ''
1.27 cm2

As = 0.619999 cm2/m
1
As =

0.25 cm2

1/2 ''
1.27 cm2

B. Para Momentos Negativos:

5 cm

Mu =
fy =
rec. =
=

0.849 Tn-m/m
4200 kg/cm2
2 cm
3/8 ''

f'c =
bw =
h=
A=

210 kg/cm2
25 cm
20 cm
0.71 cm2

15 cm
_

d=

17.52 cm

bw
Asumir:

a = 0.15d

a=

As * f y
u
As 0.9 * f M
a

0.85 * f c' * b
y * (d a / 2)
A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =
Apoyo 1:

312.23 kg-m/m
849.16 kg-m/m

849.16 kg-m/m
849.16 kg-m/m

As =
As =
As =

0.53 cm2
=

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

Apoyo 2 :

2.63 cm

As
1.3294811 cm2/m

0.20 cm2

As
1.3294811 cm2/m

1.39 cm2/m
1.33 cm2/m
1.33 cm2/m

a=
a=
a=
2
As =

3/8 ''
1.42 cm2

As = 0.488839 cm2/m

1
As =

3/8 ''
0.71 cm2

As = 1.329481 cm2/m

3/8 ''

1.30 cm
1.25 cm
1.25 cm


A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =
Apoyo 4 :

237.97 kg-m/m
849.16 kg-m/m

0.53 cm2
=

As
1.3294811 cm2/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

C. Acero por temperatura:

1
As =
=

3/8 ''
0.71 cm2

1/4 ''

0.90 cm2

A =
s=

_ Usar:

1.42 cm2

As = 0.372572 cm2/m

0.15 cm2

Astemp = 0.0018*b*hf
Astemp =

As =

1/4 ''

@ 36 cm

0.66 m

0.66 m

0.55 m

3/8 ''

35.56 cm

D. Distribucin del refuerzo:

0.38 m

0.63 m

3/8 ''

1/2 ''

1/2 ''

VERIFICACION POR CORTANTE

V1

V'' 2

V'' 3

0.33 m

3/8 ''

3/8 ''

1/2 ''

0.32 cm2

V' 2

V' 3

V4

A. Determinacin de los momentos nominales:

As/vig =

3/8 ''

(Ao =0.71 cm2)

As =

1.775 cm2

Mn1 :
a=
As/vig =

1.67 cm

3/8 ''

Mn1 =

1119.71 kg-m/m

(Ao =0.71 cm2)

As =

3.55 cm2

Mn2 :
a=
As/vig =

3.34 cm

3/8 ''

Mn2 =

2127.34 kg-m/m

(Ao =0.71 cm2)

As =

3.55 cm2

Mn3 :
a=
As/vig =

3.34 cm

3/8 ''

Mn3 =

2127.34 kg-m/m

(Ao =0.71 cm2)

As =

1.775 cm2

Mn4 :
a=

1.67 cm

Mn4 =

1119.71 kg-m/m

B. Determinacin del cortante:

Vi Wui2* Li Mi Li Mj

V1 =
V' 2 =
V'' 2 =
V' 3 =
V'' 3 =
V4 =

1886.65 kg
1086.95 kg
1563.50 kg
1563.50 kg
839.99 kg
1756.01 kg

Cortante a una distancia "d":

Vud =

1679.87 kg

Corte que toma el Concreto:

Vc 0.53 f ' c * db * d
Verificar que Vc > Vud :

Vc =

3364.75 kg
CORRECTO

NVc =

2860.04 kg

etrado de
as, se va
zar en un
de ancho:
5
os y con un
ributario de

100 kg/m2
200 kg/m2
200 kg/m2

coeficientes
ear con el segundo
omentos por el mtodo

1/2 ''
1.27 cm2

ANALISIS Y DISEO DE LOSAS ALIGERADAS

TIPO DE ALIGERADO :

TIPO 1

e losa
h lad.

0.10 m
Determinacin del Espesor de la Losa

luz =

bw

l. lad.

bw

esp. Losa =
h ladrillo =

0.05 m
0.15 m

l. lad.

h luz
25
_ h=

4.25 m
Se toma =

0.30 m

0.20 m

0.17 m

Determinacin de la Carga Ultima

Peso propio de la losa
P. Losa =
120 kg/m2
P. Vigueta = 90 kg/m2
P. Ladrillo = 90 kg/m2

P.P. =

Wcm =

840 kg/m2

Wcv =
Wcu =

Vigas =
Columnas =

0.25 x 0.35
0.25 x 0.30

Peso muerto
Carga de tabiquera equivalente
Sobrecarga

300 kg/m2

1180 kg/m2

340 kg/m2

100 kg/m2
200 kg/m2
200 kg/m2

2.98 m

3.7 m

Verificaremos si es que es aplicable los coeficientes del ACI:

1. Nmero de tramos =
3
OK
2. Diferencia de longitud =
Tramo 1 - Tramo 2 =
Tramo 2 - Tramo 3 =
3. Relacin Carga Viva / Carga Muerta = 0.33
OK

0.24
0.15

4.25 m

No es aplicable
OK

No es aplicable los coeficientes

ANALISIS
I. Carga Ultima
1.18 Tn/m2

2.855 m
1.000
-0.802
0.154
0.648
0.000

3.7 m
0.564
0.802
0.307
0.324
-0.214
1.219

0.436
-1.346
0.237
0.055
-0.165
-1.219

4.125 m
0.527 0.473
1.346 -1.673
0.119
0.110 0.099
1.575 -1.575

1.000
1.673
0.049
-1.722
0.000

1.219 Tn-m/m

0.6 Tn-m/m

1.6 Tn-m/m

0.6 Tn-m/m

1.7 Tn-m/m

II. Combinacin de Carga N 01

1.18 Tn/m2

1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

2.855 m
1.000
-0.802
0.044
0.757

3.7 m
0.564
0.802
0.088
0.379
-0.315
0.954

0.000

0.436
-0.958
0.068
0.179
-0.243
-0.954

0.9536 Tn-m/m

0.7 Tn-m/m

III. Combinacin de Carga N 02

4.125 m
0.527 0.473
0.958 -1.673
0.034
0.359 0.322
1.351 -1.351

1.4 Tn-m/m

0.3 Tn-m/m

1.8 Tn-m/m

1.000
1.673
0.161
-1.834
0.000

1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

0.84 Tn/m2

2.855 m
1.000
-0.571
0.219
0.352

3.7 m
0.564
0.571
0.438
0.176
-0.051
1.133

0.000

0.436
-1.346
0.338
-0.085
-0.039
-1.133

0.527 0.473
1.346 -1.191
0.169
-0.171 -0.153
1.344 -1.344

1.13 Tn-m/m

0.3 Tn-m/m

4.125 m
1.000
1.191
-0.077
-1.114
0.000

1.34 Tn-m/m

0.8 Tn-m/m

1.1 Tn-m/m

IV. Combinacin de Carga N 03

1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

2.855 m
1.000
-0.802
0.154
0.648
0.000

3.7 m
0.564
0.802
0.307
0.324
-0.142
1.291
1.29 Tn-m/m

0.436
-1.346
0.237
-0.072
-0.110
-1.291

4.125 m
0.527 0.473
1.346 -1.191
0.119
-0.144 -0.129
1.321 -1.321
1.32 Tn-m/m

1.000
1.191
-0.065
-1.126
0.000

0.56 Tn-m/m

0.71 Tn-m/m
1.13 Tn-m/m

V. Combinacin de Carga N 04
1.18 Tn/m2
0.84 Tn/m2

2.855 m
1.000
-0.571
0.109
0.461
0.000

3.7 m
0.564
0.571
0.219
0.231
-0.224
0.796

4.125 m

0.436
-0.958
0.169
0.166
-0.173
-0.796

0.527 0.473
0.958 -1.673
0.084
0.332 0.298

1.000
1.673
0.149
-1.822
0.000

1.375 -1.375

0.80 Tn-m/m

1.38 Tn-m/m

0.46 Tn-m/m

0.35 Tn-m/m

1.82 Tn-m/m

Envolvente:
1.3 Tn-m/m
0.4 Tn-m/m

1.6 Tn-m/m
0.8 Tn-m/m

 wl 2
24

wl 2
24
2

0.73 Tn-m/m

0.78 Tn-m/m

1.83 Tn-m/m

DISEO DEL REFUERZO DE LA LOSA

A. Para Momentos Positivos:
Mu =
fy =
rec. =
=

b
5 cm

1.8 Tn-m/m
4200 kg/cm2
2 cm
1/2 ''
_

d=

f'c =
b=
h=
A=

210 kg/cm2
100 cm
20 cm
1.29 cm2

17.37 cm

15 cm

Posicin del eje neutro:

asumir que:

u
As 0.9 * f M
*
(
d a / 2)
y

c = hf = 5 cm
As =

3.18 cm2/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

Area de acero en un metro de aligerado:

Tramo 1 - 2 :

As =

As * f y
0.85 * f c' * b

Mr * As * fy * d a2

725.45 kg-m/m
2070.63 kg-m/m

a = 4.25 cm

a=

3.23 cm2/m

0.76 cm
c = 0.89 cm

1
As =

1.27 cm2

c=
<

0.89 cm

hf = 5 cm

El eje neutro est en el ala y se analiza como viga rectangular.

Mr =

2070.63 kg-m/m

As
3.225 cm2/m

As = 1.13 cm2/m

1/2 ''

1/2 ''
1.29 cm2


A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =
Tramo 2 - 3 :

780.55 kg-m/m
2070.63 kg-m/m

0.45 cm2

As =

As
3.225 cm2/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

1.29 cm2

As = 1.22 cm2/m

1
As =

0.49 cm2

1/2 ''
1.29 cm2

B. Para Momentos Negativos:

5 cm

Mu =
fy =
rec. =
=

1.6 Tn-m/m
4200 kg/cm2
2 cm
3/8 ''

f'c =
bw =
h=
A=

210 kg/cm2
25 cm
20 cm
0.71 cm2

15 cm
_

d=

17.52 cm

bw
Asumir:

a = 0.15d

a=

As * f y
u
As 0.9 * f M
a

0.85 * f c' * b
y * (d a / 2)
A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =
Apoyo 1:

400.76 kg-m/m
1574.66 kg-m/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

Apoyo 2 :

1290.75 kg-m/m
1574.66 kg-m/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

2.63 cm
As =
As =
As =

1.02 cm2
As
2.55222 cm2/m

0.26 cm2

As
2.55222 cm2/m

0.84 cm2

2.57 cm2/m
2.55 cm2/m
2.55 cm2/m

a=
a=
a=
2
As =

3/8 ''
1.42 cm2

As = 0.65 cm2/m

1
As =

3/8 ''
0.71 cm2

As = 2.09 cm2/m

2
As =

3/8 ''
1.42 cm2

2.42 cm
2.40 cm
2.40 cm

Apoyo 4 :

836.60 kg-m/m
1574.66 kg-m/m

As
2.55222 cm2/m

A cada vigueta le corresponde (As/2.5) =

C. Acero por temperatura:

1
As =

0.54 cm2

Astemp = 0.0018*b*hf
Astemp =

As = 1.36 cm2/m

3/8 ''
0.71 cm2

1/4 ''

0.90 cm2

A =
s=

_ Usar:

1/4 ''

@ 36 cm

0.93 m

0.93 m

1.06 m

3/8 ''

35.56 cm

D. Distribucin del refuerzo:

0.45 m

0.75 m

3/8 ''

1/2 ''

1/2 ''

VERIFICACION POR CORTANTE

V1

V'' 2

V'' 3

0.64 m

3/8 ''

3/8 ''

1/2 ''

0.32 cm2

V' 2

V' 3

V4

A. Determinacin de los momentos nominales:

As/vig =

3/8 ''

(Ao =0.71 cm2)

As =

1.775 cm2

Mr1 :
a=
As/vig =

1.67 cm

3/8 ''

Mr1 =
(Ao =0.71 cm2)

1119.71 kg-m/m
As =

3.55 cm2

Mr2 :
a=
As/vig =

3.34 cm

3/8 ''

Mr2 =
(Ao =0.71 cm2)

2127.34 kg-m/m
As =

3.55 cm2

Mr3 :
a=
As/vig =

3.34 cm

3/8 ''

Mr3 =
(Ao =0.71 cm2)

2127.34 kg-m/m
As =

1.775 cm2

Mr4 :
a=

1.67 cm

Mr4 =

1119.71 kg-m/m

B. Determinacin del cortante:

Vi Wui2* Li Mi Li Mj

V1 =
V' 2 =
V'' 2 =
V' 3 =
V'' 3 =
V4 =

2037.38 kg
1331.52 kg
2183.00 kg
2183.00 kg
2189.48 kg
2678.02 kg

Cortante a una distancia "d":

Vud =

2471.24 kg

Corte que toma el Concreto:

Vc 0.53 f ' c * b * d

Vc =

Verificar que Vc > Vud :

3364.75 kg
CORRECTO

NVc =

2860.04 kg