CH 07

HEINS07-054-086v3.
qxd
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 54
CHAPTER 7
QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF COMPOUNDS

SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.
A mole is an amount of substance containing the same number of particles as there are
atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12.
It is Avogadros number 16.022 * 10232 of anything (atoms, molecules, ping-pong balls, etc.).
2.
A mole of gold (197.0 g) has a higher mass than a mole of potassium (39.10 g).
3.
Both samples (Au and K) contain the same number of atoms. 16.022 * 10232.
4.
A mole of gold atoms contains more electrons than a mole of potassium atoms, as each
Au atom has 79 e -, while each K atom has only 19 e -.
5.
The molar mass of an element is the mass of one mole (or 6.022 * 1023 atoms) of that element.
6.
No. Avogadros number is a constant. The mole is defined as Avogadros number of C-12
atoms. Changing the atomic mass to 50 amu would change only the size of the atomic
mass unit, not Avogadros number.
7.
6.022 * 1023
8.
There are Avogadros number of particles in one mole of substance.
9.
(a) A mole of oxygen atoms (O) contains 6.022 : 1023 atoms.

(b) A mole of oxygen molecules (O2) contains 6.022 : 1023 molecules.
(c) A mole of oxygen molecules (O2) contains 1.204 : 1024 atoms.
(d) A mole of oxygen atoms (O) has a mass of 16.00 grams.
(e) A mole of oxygen molecules (O2) has a mass of 32.00 grams.
10.
6.022 * 1023 molecules in one molar mass of H 2SO4 .

4.215 * 1024 atoms in one molar mass of H 2SO4 .
11.
The molecular formula represents the total number of atoms of each element in a molecule. The
empirical formula represents the lowest number ratio of atoms of each element in a molecule.
12.
Choosing 100.0 g of a compound allows us to simply drop the % sign and use grams instead of
percent.
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Page 55
CHAPTER 7
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES
1.
Molar masses
(a)
KBr
1
1
K
Br
39.10 g
79.90 g
119.0 g
(b)
Na 2SO4
2
1
4
Na
S
O
45.98 g
32.07 g
64.00 g
142.1 g
(c)
Pb(NO3)2
1
2
6
Pb
N
O
207.2 g
28.02 g
96.00 g
331.2 g
(d)
C2H 5OH
2
6
1
C
H
O
24.02 g
6.048 g
16.00 g
46.07 g
(e)
HC2H 3O2
4
2
2
H
C
O
4.032 g
24.02 g
32.00 g
60.05 g
(f)
Fe 3O4
3
4
Fe
O
167.6 g
64.00 g
231.6 g
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- Chapter 7 -
2.
(g)
C12H 22O11
12
22
11
C
H
O
144.1 g
22.18 g
176.0 g
342.3 g
(h)
Al 2(SO4)3
2
3
12
Al
S
O
53.96 g
96.21 g
192.0 g
342.2 g
(i)
(NH 4)2HPO4
9
2
1
4
H
N
P
O
9.072 g
28.02 g
30.97 g
64.00 g
132.1 g
Molar masses
(a)
NaOH
1
1
1
Na
O
H
22.99 g
16.00 g
1.008 g
40.00 g
(b)
Ag 2CO3
2
1
3
Ag
C
O
215.8 g
12.01 g
48.00 g
275.8 g
(c)
Cr2O3
2
3
Cr
O
104.0 g
48.00 g
152.0 g
(d)
(NH 4)2CO3
2
8
1
3
N
H
C
O
28.02 g
8.064 g
12.01 g
48.00 g
96.09 g
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Page 57
- Chapter 7 -
3.
(e)
Mg(HCO3)2
1
2
2
6
Mg
H
C
O
24.31 g
2.016 g
24.02 g
96.00 g
146.3 g
(f)
C6H 5COOH
7
6
2
C
H
O
84.07 g
6.048 g
32.00 g
122.1 g
(g)
C6H 12O6
6
12
6
(h)
K 4Fe(CN)6
(i)
BaCl 2 # 2 H 2O
C
H
O
72.06 g
12.10 g
96.00 g
180.2 g
4
1
6
6
K
Fe
C
N
156.4 g
55.85 g
72.06 g
84.06 g
368.4 g
1
2
4
2
Ba
Cl
H
O
137.3 g
70.90 g
4.032 g
32.00 g
244.2 g
Moles of atoms.
1 mol Zn
b = 0.344 mol Zn
65.39 g Zn
(a)
122.5 g Zn2a
(b)
10.688 g Mg2a
1 mol Mg
b = 2.83 * 10-2 mol Mg
24.31 g Mg
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- Chapter 7 -
(c)
14.5 * 1022 atoms Cu2a
(d)
1382 g Co2a
(e)
10.055 g Sn2a
(f)
18.5 * 1024 molecules N22a
1 mol Cu
b = 7.5 * 10-2 mol Cu
6.022 * 1023 atoms Cu
1 mol Co
b = 6.48 mol Co
58.93 g Co
1 mol Sn
b = 4.6 * 10-4 mol Sn
118.7 g Sn
2 atoms N
1 mol N atoms
b
ba
1 molecule N2 6.022 * 1023 atoms N
= 28 mol N atoms
4.
Number of moles.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
5.
125.0 g NaOH2a
1 mol NaOH
b = 0.625 mol NaOH
40.00 g NaOH
1 mol Br2
144.0 g Br22a
b = 0.275 mol Br2
159.8 g Br2
1 mol MgCl2
b = 7.18 * 10-3 mol MgCl2
10.684 g MgCl22a
95.21 g MgCl2
1 mol CH3OH
114.8 g CH3OH2a
b = 0.462 mol CH3OH
32.04 g CH3OH
(e)
12.88 g Na2SO42a
(f)
14.20 lb ZnI22a
1 mol Na2SO4
b = 2.03 * 10-2 mol Na2SO4
142.1 g Na2SO4
453.6 g
1 mol ZnI2
ba
b = 5.97 mol ZnI2
1 lb
319.2 g ZnI2
Number of grams.
(a)
10.550 mol Au2a
197.0 g Au
b = 108 g Au
1 mol Au
(b)
115.8 mol H2O2a
18.02 g H2O
b = 285 g H2O
mol H2O
(c)
112.5 mol Cl22a
(d)
13.15 mol NH4NO32a
70.90 g Cl2
b = 886 g Cl2
mol Cl2
80.05 g NH4NO3
b = 252 g NH4NO3
mol NH4NO3
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Page 59
- Chapter 7 6.
Number of grams.
(a)
14.25 * 10-4 mol H2SO42a
98.09 g H2SO4
b = 0.0417 g H2SO4
mol H2SO4
(b)
14.5 * 1022 molecules CCl42a
153.8 g CCl4
1 mol
ba
b
23
mol CCl4
6.022 * 10 molecules
= 11 g CCl4
(c)
(d)
7.
8.
9.
10.00255 mol Ti2a
47.87 g Ti
b = 0.122 g Ti
mol Ti
32.07 g S
b = 8.0 * 10-7 g S
11.5 * 1016 atoms S2a
6.022 * 1023 atoms S
Number of molecules.
b = 7.59 * 1023 molecules O2
mol
(a)
11.26 mol O22a
(b)
10.56 mol C6H62a
(c)
116.0 g CH42a
(d)
11000. g HCl2a
(a)
11.75 mol Cl22a
(b)
10.27 mol C2H6O2a
(c)
112.0 g CO22a
6.022 * 1023 molecules CO2

b = 1.64 * 1023 molecules CO2
44.01 g CO2
(d)
1100. g CH42a
6.022 * 1023 molecules CH4

b = 3.75 * 1024 molecules CH4
16.04 g CH4

b = 3.4 * 1023 molecules C6H6
mol
6.022 * 1023 molecules CH4

b = 6.01 * 1023 molecules CH4
16.04 g CH4
6.022 * 1023 molecules HCl
b = 1.652 * 1025 molecules HCl
36.46 g HCl
b = 1.05 * 1024 molecules Cl2
mol
b = 1.6 * 1023 molecules C2H6O
mol
Number of atoms.
(a)
(11 molecules C2H5OH) a
(b)
(25.0 mol Ag) a
9 atoms
b = 99 atoms C2H5OH
1 molecule
6.022 * 1023atoms
b = 1.5 * 1025 atoms Ag
mol
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- Chapter 7 -
6.022 * 1023atoms
b = 4.52 * 1020 atoms Xe
131.3 g
(c)
(0.0986 g Xe) a
(d)
(72.5 g CHCl3) a

5 atoms
ba
b
119.4
1 molecule
= 1.83 * 1024 atom CHCl3

10.
11.
Number of atoms.
(a)
(18 molecules N2O5) a
(b)
(10.0 mol Au) a
(c)
(75.2 g BF3) a
(d)
(15.2 g U) a
7 atoms
b = 1.3 * 102 atoms N2O5
1 molecule
6.022 * 1023atoms
b = 6.02 * 1024 atoms Au
mol
6.022 * 1023 molecules BF3

4 atoms
ba
b = 2.67 * 1024 atoms BF3
67.81 g BF3
1 molecules
6.022 * 1023atoms U
b = 3.85 * 1022 atoms U
238.0 g U
Number of grams.
(a)
11 atom Pb2a
(b)
11 atom Ag2a
(c)
11 molecule H2O2a
(d)
[1 molecule C3H5(NO3)3]a
207.2 g Pb
6.022 * 1023 atoms Pb
b = 3.441 * 10-22 g Pb
107.9 g Ag
6.022 * 1023 atoms Ag
b = 1.792 * 10-22 g Ag
18.02 g H2O
23
6.022 * 10 molecules H2O
b = 2.992 * 10-23 g H2O
227.1 g C3H5(NO3)3
6.022 * 1023 molecules C3H5(NO3)3
= 3.771 * 10 - 22 g C3H5(NO3)3
12.
(a)
11 atom Au2a
(b)
11 atom U2a
(c)
197.0 g Au
6.022 * 1023 atoms Au
b = 3.271 * 10-22 g Au
b = 3.952 * 10-22 g U
6.022 * 1023 atoms U
17.03 g NH3
11 molecule NH32a
b = 2.828 * 10-23 g NH3
6.022 * 1023 molecules NH3
238.0 g U
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- Chapter 7 -
(d)
[1 molecule C6H4(NH2)2]a
108.1 g C6H4(NH2)2
6.022 * 1023 molecules C6H4(NH2)2
= 1.795 * 10 - 22 g C6H4(NH2)2
13.
14.
15.
(a)
18.66 mol Cu2a
(b)
1125 mol Au2a
197.0 g Au
1 kg
ba
b = 24.6 kg Au
mol Au
1000 g
(c)
110. atoms C2a
1 mol
b = 1.7 * 10-23 mol C
23
6.022 * 10 atoms
(d)
15000 molecules CO22a
(a)
128.4 g S2a
(b)
12.50 kg NaCl2a
(c)
142.4 g Mg2a
(d)
1485 mL Br22a
63.55 g Cu
b = 550. g Cu
mol Cu
1 mol
b = 8 * 10-21 mol CO2
1 mol S
b = 0.886 mol S
32.07 g S
1000 g
1 mol NaCl
ba
b = 42.8 mol NaCl
kg
58.44 g NaCl
6.022 * 1023 atoms

b = 1.05 * 1024 atoms Mg
24.31 g
3.12 g
1 mol Br2
ba
b = 9.47 mol Br2
mL
159.8 g Br2
One mole of carbon disulfide (CS2) contains:

(a)
6.022 * 1023 molecules of CS2
(b)
1 C atom
= 6.022 * 1023 C atoms
1 molecule CS2
(c)
2 S atoms
= 1.204 * 1024 S atoms
1 molecule CS2
(d)
16.022 * 1023 atoms2 + 11.204 * 1024 atoms2 = 1.806 * 1024 total atoms
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12/22/06
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Page 62
- Chapter 7 16.
17.
18.
One mole of ammonia (NH 3) contains

(a)
6.022 * 1023 molecules of NH 3
(b)
1 N atom
= 6.022 * 1023 N atoms
molecule NH 3
(c)
3 H atoms
= 1.807 * 1024 H atoms
molecule NH 3
(d)
16.022 * 1023 atoms2 + 11.807 * 1024 atoms2 = 2.409 * 1024 total atoms
Atoms of oxygen in:

1 mol O2
2 mol O
6.022 * 1023 atoms
b
= 6.02 * 1023 atoms O

32.00 g O2 1 mol O2
mol
(a)
116.0 g O22a
(b)
10.622 mol MgO2a
(c)
16.00 * 1022 molecules C6H 12O62
6.022 * 1023 atoms

1 mol O
b
= 3.75 * 1023 atoms O
mol MgO
mol
6 atoms O
= 3.60 * 1023 atoms O
molecule C6H 12O6
Atoms of oxygen in:

(a)
15.0 mol MnO22
2 mol O
6.022 * 1023 atoms
= 6.0 * 1024 atoms O

mol MnO2
mol
(b)
1255 g MgCO32a
1 mol MgCO3
3 mol O
6.022 * 1023 atoms
b
84.32 g MgCO3 mol MgCO3

mol
= 5.46 * 1024 atoms O
(c)
19.
15.0 * 1018 molecules H 2O2
1 atom O
= 5.0 * 1018 atoms O
molecule H 2O
The number of grams of:

(a)
silver in 25.0 g AgBr

125.0 g AgBr2a
107.9 g Ag
b = 14.4 g Ag
187.8 g AgBr
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Page 63
- Chapter 7 (b)
nitrogen in 6.34 mol (NH 4)3PO4

16.34 mol (NH 4)3PO42
(c)
42.03 g N
= 266 g N
mol (NH 4)3PO4
oxygen in 8.45 * 1022 molecules SO3

The conversion is: molecules SO3 mol SO3 g O
18.45 * 1022 molecules SO32
20.
48.00 g O
1 mol
= 6.74 g O
23
mol SO3
The number of grams of:

(a)
chlorine in 5.00 g PbCl 2

15.00 g PbCl 22
(b)
70.90 g Cl
= 1.27 g Cl
278.1 g PbCl 2
hydrogen in 4.50 g H 2SO4

14.50 g H 2SO42
(c)
2.016 g H
= 9.25 * 10-2 g H
98.09 g H 2SO4
hydrogen in 5.45 * 1022 molecules NH 3

The conversion is: molecules NH 3 moles NH 3 g H
15.45 * 1022 molecules NH 32
21.
3.024 g H
1 mol
= 0.274 g H
23
mol NH 3
Percent composition
(a)
(b)
NaBr
KHCO3
Na
Br
K
H
3O
C
22.99 g
79.90 g
102.9 g
39.10 g
1.008 g
48.00 g
12.01 g
100.1 g
22.99 g
b 11002 = 22.34% Na
102.9 g
79.90 g
b 11002 = 77.65% Br
102.9 g
39.10 g
b 11002 = 39.06% K
100.1 g
1.008 g
b11002 = 1.007% H
100.1 g
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Page 64
- Chapter 7 -
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
FeCl 3
SiCl 4
Fe
3 Cl
Si
4 Cl
Al 2(SO4)3 2 Al
3S
12 O
AgNO3
Ag
N
3O
55.85 g
106.4 g
162.3 g
28.09 g
141.8 g
169.9 g
53.96 g
96.21 g
192.0 g
342.2 g
107.9 g
14.01 g
48.00 g
169.9 g
- 64 -
12.01 g
b11002 = 12.00% C
100.1 g
48.00 g
b11002 = 47.95% O
100.1 g
55.85 g
b11002 = 34.41% Fe
162.3 g
106.4 g
b11002 = 65.56% Cl
162.3 g
28.09 g
b11002 = 16.53% Si
169.9 g
141.8 g
b11002 = 83.46% Cl
169.9 g
53.96 g
b11002 = 15.77% Al
342.2 g
96.21 g
b11002 = 28.12% S
342.2 g
192.0 g
b11002 = 56.11% O
342.2 g
107.9 g
b11002 = 63.51% Ag
169.9 g
14.01 g
b11002 = 8.246% N
169.9 g
48.00 g
b11002 = 28.25% O
169.9 g
12/22/06
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Page 65
- Chapter 7 22.
Percent composition
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
ZnCl 2
Zn
2 Cl
NH 4C2H 3O2
MgP2O7
(NH 4)2SO4
N
7H
2C
2O
Mg
2P
7O
2N
8H
S
4O
65.39 g
70.90 g
136.3 g
14.01 g
7.056 g
24.02 g
32.00 g
77.09 g
24.31 g
61.94 g
112.0 g
198.3 g
28.02 g
8.064 g
32.07 g
64.00 g
132.2 g
- 65 -
65.39 g
b11002 = 47.98% Zn
136.3 g
70.90 g
b11002 = 52.02% Cl
136.3 g
14.01 g
b11002 = 18.17% N
77.09 g
7.056 g
b11002 = 9.153% H
77.09 g
24.02 g
b11002 = 31.16% C
77.09 g
32.00 g
b11002 = 41.51% O
77.09 g
24.31 g
b11002 = 12.26% Mg
198.3 g
61.94 g
b11002 = 31.24% P
198.3 g
112.0 g
b11002 = 56.48% O
198.3 g
28.02 g
b11002 = 21.20% N
132.2 g
8.064 g
b11002 = 6.100% H
132.2 g
32.07 g
b11002 = 24.26% S
132.2 g
64.00 g
b11002 = 48.41% O
132.2 g
12/22/06
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Page 66
- Chapter 7 (e)
(f)
23.
Fe(NO3)3
ICI 3
Fe
3N
9O
I
3 Cl
55.85 g
42.03 g
144.0 g
241.9 g
55.85 g
b11002 = 23.09% Fe
241.9 g
42.03 g
b11002 = 17.37% N
241.9 g
144.0 g
b11002 = 59.53% O
241.9 g
126.9 g
b11002 = 54.39% I
233.3 g
106.4 g
b11002 = 45.61% Cl
233.3 g
55.85 g
16.00 g
71.85 g
55.85 g
b11002 = 77.73% Fe
71.85 g
126.9 g
106.4 g
233.3 g
Percent of iron
(a)
FeO
Fe
O
(b)
Fe 2O3
2 Fe
3O
111.7 g
48.00 g
159.7 g
111.7 g
b11002 = 69.94% Fe
159.7 g
(c)
Fe 3O4
3 Fe
4O
167.6 g
64.00 g
231.6 g
167.6 g
b11002 = 72.37% Fe
231.6 g
(d)
K 4Fe(CN)6
Fe
4K
6C
6N
55.85 g
156.4 g
72.06 g
84.06 g
368.4 g
55.85 g
b11002 = 15.16% Fe
368.4 g
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12/22/06
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Page 67
- Chapter 7 24.
Percent chlorine
(a)
KCl
K
Cl
39.10 g
35.45 g
74.55 g
35.45 g
b11002 = 47.55% Cl
74.55 g
(b)
BaCl 2
Ba
2 Cl
137.3 g
70.90 g
208.2 g
70.90 g
b11002 = 34.05% Cl
208.2 g
(c)
SiCl 4
Si
4 Cl
28.09 g
141.8 g
169.9 g
141.8 g
b11002 = 83.46% Cl
169.9 g
(d)
LiCl
Li
Cl
6.941 g
35.45 g
42.39 g
35.45 g
b11002 = 83.63% Cl
42.39 g
Highest % Cl is in LiCl; lowest % Cl is in BaCl 2

25.
Percent composition of an oxide

14.20 g oxide
-6.20 g P
8.00 g oxygen
26.
6.20 g
b 11002 = 43.7% P
14.20 g
8.00 g
b 11002 = 56.3% O
14.20 g
Percent composition of ethylene chloride

6.00 g C
1.00 g H
17.75 g Cl
24.75 g total
27.
(a)
(b)
(c)
H 2O
N2O3
equal
6.00 g
b11002 = 24.2% C
24.75 g
1.00 g
b11002 = 4.04% H
24.75 g
17.75 g
b11002 = 71.72% Cl
24.75 g
(It has 2 H atoms/O atom)

(It has only 0.67 N atom/O atom)
(Both have 20 atoms/N atom)
- 67 -
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Page 68
- Chapter 7 28.
(a)
(b)
(c)
29.
(Because a K atom has mare mass than a Na atom.)

(Because a H atom has less mass then a K atom.)
(Because only one Cr atom is present.)
KClO3
KHSO4
Na 2CrO4
Empirical Formulas. Change all percents to grams.

(a)
5.94 gH
= 5.89 mol H
1.008 g>mol
94.06 g O
= 5.879 mol O
16.00 g>mol
This is a ratio of 1 mol H to 1 mol O.

The empirical formula is HO
(b)
80.34 g Zn
= 1.228 mol Zn
65.39 g>mol
19.66 g O
= 1.229 mol O
16.00 g>mol
This is a ratio of 1 mol Zn to 1 mol O.

The empirical formula is ZnO
(c)
35.18 g Fe
= 0.6299 mol Fe
55.85 g>mol
44.66 g Cl
= 1.260 mol Cl
35.45 g>mol
20.16 g O
= 1.260 mol O
16.00 g O>mol
mol ratios =
0.6299 Fe
= 1.000 mol Fe
0.6299
1.260 mol O
= 2.000 mol O
0.6299
1.260 mol Cl
= 2.000 mol Cl
0.6299
The empirical formula is Fe(ClO)2
(d)
26.19 g N
= 1.869 mol N
14.01 g>mol
7.55 g H
= 7.49 mol H
1.008 g>mol
66.26 g Cl
= 1.869 mol Cl
35.45 g>mol
mol ratios:
1.869 mol N
= 1 mol N
1.869
7.49 mol H
= 4.00 mol H
1.869
1.869 mol Cl
= 1.000 mol Cl
1.869
The empirical formula is NH4Cl
- 68 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 69
- Chapter 7 30.
Empirical formulas: Change all percents to grams.

(a)
32.86 g K
= 0.8404 mol K
39.10 g>mol
67.14 g Br
= 0.8403 mol Br
79.90 g>mol
This is a ratio of 1 mol K to 1 mol Br.

The empirical formula is KBr
(b)
63.50 g Ag
= 0.5885 mol Ag
107.9 g>mol
8.25 g N
= 0.5889 mol N
14.01 g>mol
28.25 g O
= 1.766 mol O
16.00 g>mol
mole ratios:
0.5885 mol Ag
= 1.000 mol Ag
0.5885
0.5889 mol N
= 1.001 mol N
0.5885
1.766 mol O
= 3.000 mol O
0.5885
The empirical formula is Ag NO3
(c)
54.09 g Ca
= 1.350 mol Ca
40.08 g>mol
2.72 g H
= 2.70 mol H
1.008 g>mol
43.18 g O
= 2.699 mol O
16.00 g>mol
mole ratios:
1.350 mol Ca
= 1.000 mol Ca
1.350
2.70 mol H
= 2.00 mol H
1.350
2.699 mol O
= 1.999 mol O
1.35
The empirical formula is CaO2H 2 or Ca(OH)2
(d)
2.06 g H
= 2.07 mol H
1.008 g>mol
32.69 g S
= 1.019 mol S
32.07 g>mol
65.25 g O
= 4.078 mol O
16.00 g>mol
mole ratios:
2.04 mol H
= 2.00 mol H
1.019
4.078 mol O
= 4.002 mol O
1.019
The empirical formula is H2SO4
- 69 -
1.019 mol S
= 1.000 mol S
1.019
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 70
- Chapter 7 31.
Empirical formulas from percent composition.

(a)
Step 1. Express each element as grams> 100 g material.

63.6% N = 63.6 g N>100 g material
36.4% O = 36.4 g O>100 g material
Step 2. Calculate the relative moles of each element.
163.6 g N2a
1 mol N
b = 4.54 mol N
14.01 g N
136.4 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 2.28 mol O
16.00 g O
Step 3. Change these moles to whole numbers by dividing each by the smaller
number.
4.54 mol N
= 1.99 mol N
2.28
2.28 mol O
= 1.00 mol O
2.28
The simplest ratio of N:O is 2:1. The empirical formula, therefore, is N2O.
(b)
46.7% N, 53.3% O
146.7 g N2a
1 mol N
b = 3.33 mol N
14.01 g N
3.33 mol N
= 1.00 mol N
3.33
153.3 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 3.33 mol O
16.00 g O
3.33 mol O
= 1.00 mol O
3.33
The empirical formula is NO.

(c)
25.9% N, 71.4% O
125.9 g N2a
1 mol N
b = 1.85 mol N
14.01 g N
1.85 mol N
= 1.00 mol N
1.85
174.1 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 4.63 mol O
16.00 g O
4.63 mol O
= 2.5 mol O
1.85
Since these values are not whole numbers, multiply each by 2 to change them to
whole numbers.
11.00 mol N2122 = 2.00 mol N; 12.5 mol O2122 = 5.00 mol O
The empirical formula is N2O5 .
- 70 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 71
- Chapter 7 (d)
43.4% Na, 11.3% C, 45.3% O

1 mol Na
143.4 g Na2a
b = 1.89 mol Na
22.99 g Na
111.3 g C2a
1 mol C
b = 0.941 mol C
12.01 g C
145.3 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 2.83 mol O
16.00 g O
1.89 mol Na
= 2.01 mol Na
0.941
0.941 mol C
= 1.00 mol C
0.941
2.83 mol O
= 3.00 mol O
0.941
The empirical formula is Na 2CO3 .

(e)
18.8% Na, 29.0% Cl, 52.3% O

118.8 g Na2a
1 mol Na
b = 0.818 mol Na
22.99 g Na
1 mol Cl
b = 0.818 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
1 mol O
152.3 g O2a
b = 3.27 mol O
16.00 g O
The empirical formula is NaClO4 .
129.0 g Cl2a
(f)
0.818 mol Na
= 1.00 mol Na
0.818
0.818 mol Cl
= 1.00 mol Cl
0.818
3.27 mol O
= 4.00 mol O
0.818
72.02% Mn, 27.98% O

172.02 g Mn2a
1 mol Mn
b = 1.311 mol Mn
54.94 g Mn
1.311 mol Mn
= 1.000 mol Mn
1.311
1 mol O
b = 1.749 mol O
16.00 g O
1.749 mol O
= 1.334 mol O
1.311
127.98 g O2a
Multiply both values by 3 to give whole numbers.

11.000 mol Mn2132 = 3.000 mol Mn; 11.334 mol O2132 = 4.002 mol O
The empirical formula is Mn 3O4 .
32.
Empirical formulas from percent composition.

(a)
64.1% Cu, 35.9% Cl

1 mol Cu
b = 1.01 mol Cu
164.1 g Cu2a
63.55 g Cu
1 mol Cl
b = 1.01 mol Cl
135.9 g Cl2a
35.45 g Cl
The empirical formula is CuCl.
- 71 -
1.01 mol Cu
= 1.00 mol Cu
1.01
1.01 mol Cl
= 1.00 mol Cl
1.01
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 72
- Chapter 7 (b)
47.2% Cu, 52.8% Cl

147.2 g Cu2a
1 mol Cu
b = 0.743 mol Cu
63.55 g Cu
152.8 g Cl2a
1 mol Cl
b = 1.49 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
The empirical formula is CuCl 2 .
(c)
0.743 mol Cu
= 1.00 mol Cu
0.743
1.49 mol Cl
= 2.01 mol Cl
0.743
51.9% Cr, 48.1% S

151.9 g Cr2a
1 mol Cr
b = 0.998 mol Cr
52.00 g Cr
0.998 mol Cr
= 1.00 mol Cr
0.998
148.1 g S2a
1 mol S
1.50 mol S
b = 1.50 mol S
= 1.50 mol S
32.07 g S
0.998
Multiply both values by 2 to give whole numbers.
11.50 mol S2122 = 3.00 mol S
11.00 mol Cr2122 = 2.00 mol Cr;
The empirical formula is Cr2S3 .
(d)
55.3% K, 14.6% P, 30.1% O

155.3 g K2a
1 mol K
b = 1.41 mol K
39.10 g K
1.41 mol K
= 2.99 mol K
0.471
1 mol P
b = 0.471 mol P
30.97 g P
1 mol O
130.1 g O2a
b = 1.88 mol O
16.00 g O
0.471 mol P
= 1.00 mol P
0.471
1.88 mol O
= 3.99 mol O
0.471
114.6 g P2a
The empirical formula is K 3PO4 .

(e)
38.9% Ba, 29.4% Cr, 31.7% O

138.9 g Ba2a
1 mol Ba
b = 0.283 mol Ba
137.3 g Ba
129.4 g Cr2a
1 mol Cr
b = 0.565 mol Cr
52.00 g Cr
1 mol O
131.7 g O2a
b = 1.98 mol O
16.00 g O
The empirical formula is BaCr2O7 .

- 72 -
0.283 mol Ba
= 1.00 mol Ba
0.283
0.565 mol Cr
= 2.00 mol Cr
0.283
1.98 mol O
= 7.00 mol O
0.283
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 73
- Chapter 7 (f)
3.99% P, 82.3% Br, 13.7% Cl

1 mol P
b = 0.129 mol P
30.97 g P
1 mol Br
182.3 g Br2a
b = 1.03 mol Br
79.90 g Br
1 mol Cl
113.7 g Cl2a
b = 0.386 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
13.99 g P2a
0.129 mol P
= 1.00 mol P
0.129
1.03 mol Br
= 7.98 mol Br
0.129
0.386 mol Cl
= 2.99 mol Cl
0.129
The empirical formula is PBr8Cl 3 .

33.
Empirical formula
13.996 g Sn2a
1 mol Sn
b = 0.0337 mol Sn
118.7 g Sn
11.077 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 0.0673 mol O
16.00 g O
The empirical formula is SnO2 .
0.0337 mol Sn
= 1.00 mol Sn
0.0337
0.0673 mol O
= 2.00 mol O
0.0337
34.
Empirical formula
5.454 g product - 3.054 g V = 2.400 g O
1 mol V
0.0600 mol V
13.054 g V2a
b = 0.0600 mol V
= 1.00 mol V
50.94 g V
0.0600
1 mol O
0.1500 mol O
12.400 g O2a
b = 0.1500 mol O
= 2.50 mol O
16.00 g O
0.0600
Multiplying both by 2 gives the empirical formula V2O5 .
35.
Empirical formula
2.775 g oxide - 2.465 g Cu = 0.310 g O
1 mol Cu
b = 0.03879 mol Cu
12.465 g Cu2a
63.55 g Cu
1 mol O
b = 0.0194 mol O
16.00 g O
The empirical formula is Cu2O.
10.310 g O2a
36.
Empirical formula
5.276 g compound - 3.898 g Hg = 1.378 g Cl
1 mol Hg
b = 0.01943 mol Hg
13.898 g Hg2a
200.6 g Hg
- 73 -
0.03879 mol Cu
= 2.00 mol Cu
0.0194
0.0194 mol O
= 1.00 mol O
0.0194
0.01943 mol Hg
= 1.000 mol Hg
0.01943
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 74
- Chapter 7 -
11.378 g Cl2a
1 mol Cl
b = 0.03887 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
0.03887 mol Cl
= 2.001 mol Cl
0.01943
The empirical formula is HgCl2 .

37.
Molecular formula of hydroquinone

65.45% C, 5.45% H, 29.09% O; molar mass = 110.1
1 mol C
5.450 mol C
b = 5.450 mol C
= 2.998 mol C
165.45 g C2a
12.01 g C
1.818
1 mol H
5.41 mol H
b = 5.41 mol H
= 2.98 mol H
15.45 g H2a
1.008 g H
1.818
1.818 mol O
1 mol O
b = 1.818 mol O
= 1.000 mol O
129.09 g O2a
16.00 g O
1.818
The empirical formula is C3H 3O making the empirical formula mass 55.05 g.
110.1 g
molar mass
=
= 2
mass of empirical formula
55.05 g
The molecular formula is twice that of the empirical formula.
Molecular formula = (C3H 3O)2 = C6H 6O2
38.
Molecular formula of fructose

40.0% C, 6.7% H, 53.3% O; molar mass = 180.1
1 mol C
3.33 mol C
b = 3.33 mol C
= 1.00 mol C
140.0 g C2a
12.01 g C
3.33
6.6 mol H
1 mol H
b = 6.6 mol H
= 2.0 mol H
16.7 g H2a
1.008 g H
3.33
1 mol O
3.33 mol O
b = 3.33 mol O
= 1.00 mol O
153.3 g O2a
16.00 g O
3.33
The empirical formula is CH 2O making the empirical formula mass 33.03 g.
180.1 g
molar mass
=
= 5.994
33.03 g
The molecular formula is six times that of the empirical formula.
Molecular formula = (CH 2O)6 = C6H 12O6
39.
Molecular formula of ethanedioic acid

26.7% C, 2.24% H, 71.1% O; molar mass = 90.04
26.7 g C a
1 mol C
b = 2.22 mol C
12.01 g C
2.22 mol C
= 1.0 mol C
2.2
- 74 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 75
- Chapter 7 -
2.2 g Ha
1 mol H
b = 2.2 mol H
1.008 g H
2.2 mol H
= 1.0 mol H
2.2
1 mol O
4.44 mol O
b = 4.44 mol O
= 2.0 mol O
16.00 g O
2.2
The empirical formula is CHO2, making the empirical formula mass 45.02 g.
90.04 g
molar mass
=
= 2
45.02 g
71.1 g Oa
Molecular formula = (CHO2)2 = C2H2O4

40.
Molecular formula of butyric acid

54.5% C, 9.2% H, 36.3% O; molar mass = 88.11
154.5 g C2a
1 mol C
b = 4.54 mol C
12.01 g C
4.54 mol C
= 2.00 mol C
2.27
19.2 g H2a
1 mol H
b = 9.1 mol H
1.008 g H
9.1 mol H
= 4.0 mol H
2.27
136.3 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 2.27 mol O
16.00 g O
2.27 mol O
= 1.0 mol O
2.27
The empirical formula is C2H4O, making the empirical formula mass 44.05 g.
88.11 g
molar mass
=
= 2
44.05 g
Molecular formula = (C2H4O)2 = C4H8O2
41.
12.04 g
11002 = 30.45%
39.54 g
39.54 g - 12.04 g
% oxygen =
11002 = 69.55%
39.54 g
12.04 g N
empirical formula: moles of nitrogen =
= 0.8594 mol N
14.01 g>mol
27.50 g O
moles of oxygen =
= 1.719 mol O
16.00 g>mol O
% nitrogen =
relative number of nitrogen atoms =

- 75 -
0.8594 mol
= 1.000
0.8594 mol
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 76
- Chapter 7 -
relative number of oxygen atoms =
1.719 mol
= 2.000
0.8594 mol
empirical formula = NO2
molecular formula: 1molar mass of NO22x = 92.02 g, 46.01x = 92.02, x = 2

The molecular formula is twice the empirical formula.
molecular formula = N2O4
42.
Total mass of C + H + O =
30.21 g
% carbon =
11002
75.53 g
5.08 g
% hydrogen =
11002
75.53 g
40.24 g
% oxygen =
11002
75.53 g
30.21 g + 5.08 g + 40.24 g = 75.53 g

= 40.0%
= 6.73%
= 53.3%
30.21 g C
= 2.515 mol C
12.01 g>mol
5.080 g H
moles of hydrogen =
= 5.03 mol H
1.008 g>mol
40.24 g O
moles of oxygen =
= 2.515 mol O
16.00 g>mol
empirical formula: moles of carbon =
relative number of carbon atoms =

relative number of hydrogen atoms =
relative number of oxygen atoms =
empirical formula = CH 2O
2.515 mol
= 1.000
2.515 mol
5.03 mol
= 2.00
2.515 mol
2.515 mol
= 1.000
2.515 mol
molecular formula: 1molar mass of CH 2O2x = 180.18 g>mol,

130.03 g>mol2x = 180.18 g>mol,
x =
180.18 g>mol
= 6
30.03 g>mol
The molecular formula is six times the empirical formula.

molecular formula = C6H 12O6
- 76 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 77
- Chapter 7 43.
What is compound XYZ 3

X: 10.400421100.09 g2 = 40.08 g (calcium)
10.120021100.09 g2 = 12.01 g (carbon)

48.00 g
Z: 10.479621100.09 g2 = 48.00 g;
= 16.00 g (oxygen)
3
Elements determined from atomic masses in the periodic table.
Y:
XYZ 3 = CaCO3
44.
What is compound X 2(YZ 3)3

53.96 g
= 26.98 g (aluminum)
X: 10.191221282.23 g2 =
2
84.27 g
= 28.09 g (silicon)
Y: 10.298621282.23 g2 =
3
143.99 g
Z: 10.510221282.23 g2 =
= 16.00 g (oxygen)
9
X 2(YZ 3)3 = Al 2(SiO3)3
4 atoms P
= 8.43 * 1023 atoms P

mol
molecule P4
45.
10.350 mol P42
46.
110.0 g K2a
47.
11.79 * 10-23 g>atom216.022 * 1023 atoms>molar mass2 = 10.8 g>molar mass
48.
15 lb C12H22O112
49.
16.022 * 1023 sheets2a
50.
1 mol K
1 mol Na 22.99 g Na
ba
ba
b = 5.88 g Na
39.10 g K
1 mol K
mol Na
453.6 g
= 4 * 1024 molecules
1 lb
342.3 g
1m
4.60 cm
ba
b = 5.54 * 1019 m
500 sheets 100 cm
6.022 * 1023 dollars

= 9.9 * 1013 dollars>person
6.1 * 109 people
- 77 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 78
- Chapter 7 51.
52.
The conversion is: mi3 ft 3 in.3 cm3 drops

5280 ft 3 12.0 in. 3 2.54 cm 3 20 drops
b a
b a
b a
b = 8 * 1016 drops
mile
ft
inch
1.0 cm3
(a)
11 mi32a
(b)
16.022 * 1023 drops2
1 mi3
= 8 * 106 mi3
8 * 1016 drops
1 mol Ag = 107.9 g Ag
1 cm3
= 10.3 cm3 (volume of cube)
10.5 g
(a)
1107.9 g Ag2
(b)
10.3 cm3 = volume of cube = (side)3

side = 2
3 10.3 cm3 = 2.18 cm
53.
(a)
Determine the molar mass of each compound.

CO2 , 44.01 g; O2 , 32.00 g; H 2O, 18.02 g; CH 3OH, 32.04 g. The 1.00 gram sample
with the lowest molar mass will contain the most molecules. Thus, H 2O will
contain the most molecules.
(b)
11.00 g H 2O2a
13216.022 * 1023 atoms2

1 mol
b
= 1.00 * 1023 atoms
18.02 g
mol
11.00 g CH 3OH2a
16216.022 * 1023 atoms2

1 mol
b
= 1.13 * 1023 atoms
32.04 g
mol
13216.022 * 1023 atoms2

1 mol
b
11.00 g CO22a
= 4.10 * 1022 atoms
44.01 g
mol
12216.022 * 1023 atoms2
1 mol
11.00 g O22a
b
= 3.76 * 1022 atoms
32.00 g
mol
The 1.00 g sample of CH 3OH contains the most atoms
54.
1 mol Fe 2S3 = 207.9 g Fe 2S3 = 6.022 * 1023 formula units

16.022 * 1023 atoms2a
207.9 g Fe 2S3
1 formula unit
b
= 41.58 g Fe 2S3
5 atoms
6.022 * 1023 formula units
- 78 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 79
- Chapter 7 55.
The conversion is g P mol P mol Ca g Ca

11.00 g P2a
1 mol P
3 mol Ca 40.08 g Ca
ba
ba
b = 1.94 g Ca
30.97 g P
2 mol P
1 mol Ca
1.94 g Ca combines with 1.00 g P.

56.
Grams of Fe per ton of ore that contains 5% FeSO4 .

The conversion is: ton lb g g FeSO4 g Fe
11.0 ton2a
55.85 g Fe
2000 lb 453.6 g
ba
b 10.05 FeSO42
= 2 * 104 g Fe
ton
lb
151.9 g FeSO4
1.0 ton of iron ore contains 2 * 104 g Fe.

57.
From the formula, 2 Li (13.88 g) combine with 1 S (32.07 g).

a
58.
13.88 g Li
b120.0 g S2 = 8.66 g Li
32.07 g S
(a)
HgCO3
(b)
(c)
200.6 g
12.01 g
48.00 g
260.6 g
200.6 g Hg
b11002 = 76.98% Hg
260.6 g
Ca(ClO3)2 6 O
2 Cl
Ca
96.00 g
70.90 g
40.08 g
207.0 g
96.00 g O
b 11002 = 46.38% O
207.0 g
C10H 14N2
28.02 g
120.1 g
14.11 g
162.2 g
28.02 g N
b11002 = 17.27% N
162.2 g
Hg
C
3O
2N
10 C
14 H
- 79 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 80
- Chapter 7 (d)
C55H 72MgN4O5
24.31 g
660.55 g
72.58 g
56.04 g
80.00 g
893.5 g
Mg
55 C
72 H
4N
5O
24.31 g Mg
b 11002 = 2.721% Mg
893.5 g
59.
According to the formula, 1 mol (65.39 g) Zn combines with 1 mol (32.07 g) S.

32.07 g S
119.5 g Zn2a
b = 9.56 g S
65.39 g Zn
19.5 g Zn require 9.56 g S for complete reaction. Therefore, there is not sufficient S
present (9.40 g) to react with the Zn.
60.
Percent composition of C21H28O3

21 C
28 H
3O
61.
252.2 g
28.22 g
48.00 g
328.4 g
252.2 g C
b11002 = 76.80% C
328.4 g
28.22 g H
a
b(100) = 8.593% H
328.4 g
48.00 g O
a
b (100) = 14.62% O
328.4 g
Percent composition of C17H21NOHCl

17 C
22 H
N
O
Cl
204.2 g
22.18 g
14.01 g
16.00 g
35.45 g
291.8 g
204.2 g C
b11002
291.8 g
22.18 g H
a
b(100)
291.8 g
14.01 g N
a
b(100)
291.8 g
16.00 g O
a
b(100)
291.8 g
a
= 69.98% C
= 7.60% H
= 4.80% N
= 5.48% O
35.45g Cl
b(100) = 12.15% Cl
291.8 g
- 80 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 81
- Chapter 7 62.
Percent composition of sucrose

144.1 g
22.18 g
176.0 g
342.3 g
12 C
22 H
11 O
63.
144.1 g C
b11002 = 42.10% C
342.3 g
22.18 g H
a
b(100) = 6.480% H
342.3 g
176.0 g O
b (100) = 51.42% O
a
342.3 g
Molecular formula of aspirin

60.0% C, 4.48% H, 35.5% O; molar mass of aspirin = 180.2
1 mol C
5.00 mol C
b = 5.00 mol C
= 2.25 mol C
160.0 g C2a
12.01 g C
2.22
4.44 mol H
1 mol H
14.48 g H2a
b = 4.44 mol H
= 2.00 mol H
1.008 g H
2.22
135.5 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 2.22 mol O
16.00 g O
2.22 mol O
= 1.00 mol O
2.22
Multiplying each by 4 give the empirical formula C9H 8O4 . The empirical formula mass
is 180.2 g. Since the empirical formula mass equals the molar mass, the molecular
formula is the same as the empirical formula, C9H 8O4 .
64.
Calculate the percent oxygen in Al 2(SO4)3 .

2 Al
3S
12 O
65.
53.96 g
96.21 g
192.0 g
342.2 g
192.0 g
b11002 = 56.11% O
342.2 g
Now take 56.11% of 8.50 g
18.50 g Al2(SO4)3210.56112 = 4.77 g O
Empirical formula of gallium arsenide; 48.2% Ga, 51.8% As

1 mol Ga
b = 0.691 mol Ga
69.72 g Ga
1 mol As
151.8 g As2a
b = 0.691 mol As
74.92 g As
148.2 g Ga2a
The empirical formula is GaAs.

- 81 -
0.691 mol Ga
= 1.00 mol Ga
0.691
0.691 mol As
= 1.00 mol As
0.691
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 82
- Chapter 7 66.
Empirical formula of calcium tartrate; 25.5% C, 2.1% H, 21.3% Ca, 51.0% O.

125.5 g C2a
1 mol C
b = 2.12 mol C
12.01 g C
2.212 mol C
= 3.99 mol C
0.531
12.1 g H2a
1 mol H
2.1 mol H
b = 2.1 mol H
= 4.0 mol H
1.008 g H
0.531
1 mol Ca
0.529 mol Ca
121.2 g Ca2a
b = 0.531 mol Ca
= 1.00 mol Ca
40.08 g Ca
0.531
151.0 g O2a
1 mol O
b = 3.19 mol O
16.00 g O
3.19 mol O
= 6.01 mol O
0.531
The empirical formula is C4H4CaO6

67.
(a)
7.79% C, 92.21% Cl
17.79 g C2a
1 mol C
0.649 mol C
b = 0.649 mol C
= 1.00 mol C
12.01 g C
0.649
1 mol Cl
2.601 mol Cl
192.21 g Cl2a
b = 2.601 mol Cl
= 4.01 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
0.649
The empirical formula is CCl 4 . The empirical formula mass is 153.8 which equals
the molar mass, therefore the molecular formula is CCl 4 .
(b)
10.13% C, 89.87% Cl
1 mol C
0.8435 mol C
110.13 g C2a
b = 0.8435 mol C
= 1.000 mol C
12.01 g C
0.8435
2.535 mol Cl
1 mol Cl
189.87 g Cl2a
b = 2.535 mol Cl
= 3.005 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
0.8435
The empirical formula is CCl 3 . The empirical formula mass is 118.4 g.
236.7 g
molar mass
=
= 1.999
empirical formula mass
118.4 g
Molecular formula = C2Cl 6 .
(c)
25.26% C, 74.74% Cl
1 mol C
125.26 g C2a
b = 2.103 mol C
12.01 g C
1 mol Cl
b = 2.108 mol Cl
174.74 g Cl2a
35.45 g Cl
- 82 -
2.103 mol C
= 1.000 mol C
2.103
2.103 mol Cl
= 1.002 mol Cl
2.108
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 83
- Chapter 7 -
The empirical formula is CCl. The empirical formula mass is 47.46 g.

284.8 g
molar mass
=
= 6.000
empirical formula mass
47.46 g
The molecular formula is six times that of the empirical formula.
Molecular formula = C6Cl 6 .
(d)
11.25% C, 88.75% Cl
1 mol C
111.25 g C2a
b = 0.9367 mol C
12.01 g C
1 mol Cl
b = 2.504 mol Cl
188.75 g Cl2a
35.45 g Cl
0.9367 mol C
= 1.000 mol C
0.9367
2.504 mol Cl
= 2.673 mol Cl
0.9367
Multiplying each by 3 give the empirical formula C3Cl 8 . The empirical formula
mass is 319.6. Since the molar mass is also 319.6 the molecular formula is C3Cl 8 .
68.
The conversion is: s min hr day yr

16.022 * 1023 s2a
69.
The conversion is: g mol atom

12.5 g Cu2a
70.
1 day
1 year
1 min
1 hr
ba
ba
ba
b = 1.910 * 1016 years
60 s
60 min
24 hr
365 days
1 mol Cu
6.022 * 1023 atoms
b
= 2.4 * 1022 atoms Cu
63.55 g Cu
mol
The conversion is: molecules mol g

11000. * 1012 molecules C3H8O32
1 trillion = 1012
92.09 g C3H8O3
1 mol
b
a
23
mol C3H8O3
= 1.529 * 10 - 7 g C3H 8O3
71.
16.1 * 109 people2
72.
Empirical formula
1 mol people
6.022 * 1023 people
= 1.0 * 10-14 mol of people
23.3% Co, 25.3% Mo, 51.4% Cl

123.3 g Co2a
1 mol Co
b = 0.395 mol Co
58.93 g Co
- 83 -
0.395 mol Co
= 1.50 mol Co
0.264
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 84
- Chapter 7 -
125.3 g Mo2a
1 mol Mo
0.264 mol Mo
b = 0.264 mol Mo
= 1.00 mol Mo
95.94 g Mo
0.264
1 mol Cl
1.45 mol Cl
151.4 g Cl2a
b = 1.45 mol Cl
= 5.49 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
0.264
Multiplying by 2 gives the empirical formula Co 3Mo 2Cl 11 .
73.
74.
The conversion is: g Al mol Al mol Mg g Mg

2 mol Mg 24.31 g Mg
1 mol Al
ba
ba
b = 32 g Mg
118 g Al2a
26.98 g Al
1 mol Al
mol Mg
110.0 g compound210.1772 = 1.77 g N
1 mol N
b = 0.126 mol N
11.77 g N2a
14.01 g N
13.8 * 1023 atoms H2
1 mol
= 0.63 mol H
6.022 * 1023 atoms
To determine the mol C, first find grams H and subtract the grams of H and N from the
grams of the sample.
1.008 g H
b = 0.64 g H
mol H
10.0 g sample
-1.77 g N
-0.64 g H
7.6 g C
10.63 mol H2a
17.6 g C2a
1 mol C
b = 0.63 mol C
12.01 g C
Now determine the empirical formula from the moles of C, H, and N.
0.126 mol N
= 1.00 mol N
N
0.126
0.63 mol H
= 5.0 mol H
H
0.126
0.63 mol C
C
= 5.0 mol C
0.126
The empirical formula is C5H 5N
- 84 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 85
- Chapter 7 75.
Let x = molar mass of A 2O

0.400x = 16.00 g O (Since A 2O has only one mol of O atoms)
x = 40.0 g O>mol A 2O
40.0 = 16.00 + 2y
y = molar mass of A
40.0 - 16.00 = 2y
g
12.0
= y
mol
Look in the periodic table for the element that has 12.0 g>mol.
The element is carbon. The mystery element is carbon.
CH 2O
C4H 9
CH 2O
C25H 52
C6H 2Cl 2O
(divide the molecular formula by 6)

76.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
77.
First determine the elements in compound A(BC)3 :

A: 10.34592178.01 g2 = 26.98 g (aluminum)
48.00 g
= 16.00 g (oxygen)
B: (0.6153)(78.01 g) =
3
3.03 g
C: 10.03882178.01 g2 =
= 1.01 g (hydrogen)
3
A(BC)3 = Al(OH)3
Then compound A 2B3 = Al 2O3 with a molar mass of
2126.98 g2 + 3116.00 g2 = 102.0 g
2126.98 g2
11002 = 52.90%
102.0 g
3116.002
%O =
11002 = 47.06%
103.0
% Al =
78.
(a)
Percent composition of the original unknown compound.

Convert g CO2 to g C and g H2O to g H
12.01 g C
b = 1.303 g C
(4.776 g CO2)a
44.01 g CO2
(2.934 g H2O)a
2.016 g H
b = 0.3282 g H
18.02 g H2O
- 85 -
12/22/06
3:50 AM
Page 86
- Chapter 7 -
2.500 g compound -1.303 g C -0.3282 g H = 0.869 g O
(b)
1.303 g C
b(100) = 52.12% C
2.500 g
0.328 g H
b(100) = 13.13% H
2.500 g
0.869 g O
b(100) = 34.76% O
2.500 g
Empirical formula of unknown compound; 52.12% C, 13.13% H, 34.76% O.

(52.12 g C)a
1 mol C
b = 4.340
12.01 g
(13.13 g H)a
1 mol H
b = 13.03
1.008 g H
13.03 mol H
= 5.996 mol H
2.173
(34.76 g O)a
1 mol O
b = 2.173
16.00 g O
2.173 mol O
= 1.000 mol O
2.173
4.340 mol C
= 1.997 mol C
2.173
The empirical formula is C2H6O
- 86 -

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HEINS07-054-086v3.

QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF COMPOUNDS

There are Avogadros number of particles in one mole of substance.

(a) A mole of oxygen atoms (O) contains 6.022 : 1023 atoms.

6.022 * 1023 molecules in one molar mass of H 2SO4 .

14.5 * 1022 atoms Cu2a

18.5 * 1024 molecules N22a

10.550 mol Au2a

115.8 mol H2O2a

112.5 mol Cl22a

13.15 mol NH4NO32a

14.25 * 10-4 mol H2SO42a

14.5 * 1022 molecules CCl42a

10.00255 mol Ti2a

11.26 mol O22a

10.56 mol C6H62a

11.75 mol Cl22a

10.27 mol C2H6O2a

6.022 * 1023 molecules CO2

6.022 * 1023 molecules CH4

6.022 * 1023 molecules

6.022 * 1023 molecules CH4

(11 molecules C2H5OH) a

(25.0 mol Ag) a

6.022 * 1023 molecules

= 1.83 * 1024 atom CHCl3

(18 molecules N2O5) a

(10.0 mol Au) a

6.022 * 1023 molecules BF3

6.022 * 10 molecules H2O

b = 2.992 * 10-23 g H2O

18.66 mol Cu2a

1125 mol Au2a

110. atoms C2a

15000 molecules CO22a

6.022 * 1023 atoms

One mole of carbon disulfide (CS2) contains:

6.022 * 1023 molecules of CS2

16.022 * 1023 molecules of CS22

16.022 * 1023 molecules of CS22

One mole of ammonia (NH 3) contains

6.022 * 1023 molecules of NH 3

16.022 * 1023 molecules of NH 32

16.022 * 1023 molecules of NH 32

Atoms of oxygen in:

= 6.02 * 1023 atoms O

10.622 mol MgO2a

16.00 * 1022 molecules C6H 12O62

6.022 * 1023 atoms

Atoms of oxygen in:

15.0 mol MnO22

= 6.0 * 1024 atoms O

84.32 g MgCO3 mol MgCO3

15.0 * 1018 molecules H 2O2

The number of grams of:

silver in 25.0 g AgBr

nitrogen in 6.34 mol (NH 4)3PO4

oxygen in 8.45 * 1022 molecules SO3

The number of grams of:

chlorine in 5.00 g PbCl 2

hydrogen in 4.50 g H 2SO4

hydrogen in 5.45 * 1022 molecules NH 3

Highest % Cl is in LiCl; lowest % Cl is in BaCl 2