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witching period,
With assuming T, T1 and T0 are sw
non-shoot through interval and shoot thhrough interval
in a switching period, respectively annd D0 is shoot
through duty cycle, the trans Z-soource network
capacitor voltage can be calculated as ffollows:
VC =
1 D0
Vin
1 (1 + n )D0
(1)
1
Vin
1 (1 + n )D0
(2)
Gd C =
0
A( s )
B( s)
(3)
Where
A( s ) = ( 1 + n )( Lm + L )( Lm + n 2 L )( I load I m )s
+ ( 1 + n )( R + r )((( n 2 1 )D0 + 1 )Lm + n 2 L )
( I load nI m ) ( 1 ( 1 + n )D0 )[ n( n 2 1 )
( R + r )Lm I m n( n( Lm + L ) + ( Lm + n 2 L )VC
+ ( Lm + n 2 L )( nVin + ( r + ( 1 + n )R )I load ]
and
B( s ) = n[ C( Lm + L )( Lm + n 2 L )s 2 + C( R + r )
((( n 2 1 )D0 + 1 )Lm + n 2 L )s + ( 1 ( 1 + n )D0 )
(( 1 D0 )( Lm + n 2 L ) nD
D0 ( Lm + L )]
d
according
The feed forward d0 can be determined
to relevant equations for the transs ZSI as follows:
d0 =
VC* Vin
(1 + n )VC* Vin
(4)
T1 nT0
VC
(6)
T1
According to above equation if
i the trans Z-source
capacitor voltage is kept constan
nt, the input voltage
of trans Z-source network is inccreased as the shoot
through interval decreases, or vice versa. Since the
trans Z-source capacitor voltage has a direct relation
V arrays, the output
with the output voltage of PV
power control can be achieved
d by the capacitor
voltage control. Assuming the syn
nchronously rotating
d-axis is aligned to the capaccitor voltage space
vector, the d-axis current refeerence is produced
through a PI controller proportion
nate to the capacitor
voltage error. If the error is possitive, to maintain a
constant capacitor voltage, the acctive power injected
to the grid should be decreased.
i synchronized with
If the synchronous reference is
the grid voltage, injected active and reactive powers
can be expressed as follows:
Vin = VPV =
3
P = Vd I d
2
(7)
3
Q = Vd I q
2
(8)
(5)
Fig. 4. System control for the grid connected PV based on the trans ZSI
Parameter
Value
Unity
Lm
828
0.1
0.01
400
0.1
Vin
130
D0
0.25
Iload
10
VC
359
Im
45
3.1
Simulation results for stand alone mode
In stand alone mode, the simulation was
performed in two cases. At the first case, the input
voltage (output voltage of PV arrays) is decreased
from 260 V to 200 V at t =0.25 sec. In this mode, the
output voltage of PV arrays was simulated by a dc
Fig.5. Bode plots of the open loop transfer function of the dc side
controller in the stand alone mode
3.2
Simulation results for grid connected mode
The PV arrays specification at standard conditions
(1000 W/m2, 25C) are presented in Table . The
perturbation and observation (P&O) method was
used for maximum power point tracking and
determination of MPP voltage (VMPP). The following
figures show simulation results when the solar
irradiation is reduced from 1000 W/m2 to 800 W/m2
at t = 0.15 sec.
TABLE : Specifications of PV arrays and grid
Fig.6. The input voltage and the capacitor voltage when the input
voltage is changed from 260 V to 200 V
VOC
ISC
VMPP
IMPP
PMPP
Vgrid(ph)
Grid Frequency
192.5 V
59.6 A
170 V
53.7 A
9129 W
110 V(rms)
50 Hz
Fig.9. The MPP voltage and the PV arrays output voltage when the
irradiance is changed from 1000 W/m2 to 800 W/m2
Fig.8.The capacitor voltage, the load voltage and the load current
when the output load is changed from 1 kW to 2kW
4. Conclusion
Fig. 10. The output voltage of the impedance network and the
capacitor voltage when the irradiance is changed from 1000 W/m2
to 800 W/m2
Fig. 12. The grid voltage (phase a) and injected current to the grid
(phase a) when the irradiance is changed from 1000 W/m2 to 800
W/m2