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BAB IV

SISTEM KONTROL PADA ADSORPTION DRYER PMB DI PT INDAH KIAT


PULP AND PAPER TBK.

4.1 Pengertian Adsorption Dryer


Adsorption Dryer dalam artian bahasa, adsorption dapat diartikan
penyerapan sedangkan dryer merupakan suatu mesin pengering. Sehingga
dapat diartikan Adsorption Dryer merupakan suatu mesin pengering yang
mengunakan sistem serapan.
The adsorption dryer dries the compressed air provided by the compressor
and makes it available for industrial use. Upstream filter (option) clean the
compressed air and remove dust, dirt, oil and water droplets, before the
compressed air reaches the dryer. Thus, and upstream filter is also used for
extending the service life of the drying agent. Downstream filter (option)
clean the compressed air from drying agent abrasions, before it is fed into the
compressed air system.
The two vessels contain an extremely porous drying agent by means of
which humidity is removed from the compressed air and stored just as in a
sponge. The stored humidity is then removed again from the drying agent and
re-introduced into the ambient environment.
To this end, the two vessels altenate between different operating modes.
Whilst is one vessel, compressed air is de-humidified (adsorption), in the
other vessel the humid drying agent is being prepared for another change
(regeneration).
The two states, which run in parallel during the operation, are briefly
described below

a.

Adsorption
The humid air is supplied through a compressor and the inlet valve
of the dryer. The compressed air is then transferred upwards through the
pressurised vessel, where the water vapour contained inthe air is

adsorped by the desiccant. The dried compressed air is subsequently fed


into the pipe system at the top of the dryer.

b.

Regeneration (completed in parallel with adsorption)


Simultaneously, the other vessel is prepared for renewed
adsorption of moisture and contains ambient air. This process is referred
to as regeneration. The regeneration is subdivided into three phases:
expansion, dehumidification, and pressure building-up.
With the dew point sending (dewpoint-sensing) control option, the
regeneration phases is followed by a standby phase.
Expansion phase
During expansion, the pressure in the right vessel is released through
the expansion valve until the ambient pressure is reached. The
escaping of the compressed air is there by audible at the silencer as a
low hum
Heating phase
A vacuum pump sucks ambient air thorugh the heater to the vellse to
be regenerated. The air is thereby heated by the heater. The warm air
subsequently flows through the humid desiccant, removing the water
contained in the agent, which is fed out in the form of steam together
with the air through the piping
Cooling phase
The hot, dried desiccant must now be cooled and is then ready for
absorption. The heater is switched off so that the vacuum pump feed
cold ambient air through the vessel.
Pressure build-up phase
After completion of the cooling process, the expansion valves are
closed and the pressure in the fully regenerated vessel is increased to
operating pressute. The vessel can now be swtiched from tegeneration
to absorption operation.

Stand-by phase
The fully regenerated vessel is subsequently in stand-by, waiting to be
switched to absorption.

c.

Changeover
As soon as the desiccant in the absorption vessel has absorbed
sufficient water, the system switches vessel. After switching, the above
procedure is repeated with adsorption in the right vessel and regeneration
in the left vessel.

Adapun spesifikasinya sebagai berikut,


Scope of delivery
Adsorption dryer, consisting of :
2 vessels, filled with desiccant
Heater
Vacuum pump
Heat exchanger (loop system)
Switch cabinet including control system
1 key for switch cabinet
Piping and silencer
Box with dew point transmitter and calibration certificate
Box with flow meter and calibration certificate

Options
The following options are available:
Pressure dewpoint control
Adaptation for outdoor installation
Auxillary heating system
Bypass line
Insulation
Cyclic regeneration (Closed loop)
Special heating pipe or heating pipe insert
Preliminary and afterfilter
Condensate drain pipe preliminary and afterfilter

Pressure Dewpoint control


A pressure dewpoint control lets you also operate the dryer in a variable
cycle. In the fixed cycle, switchover is effected after a fixed time period
(usually after 6 hours). In the variable cycle, the switchover is effected in
relation to the dew point reached and the charging of the drying agent. The
adsorption time in the variable cycle amounts to 24 hours maximum.

Adaptation for outdoor installation


The standard dryer is not suitable for outdoor installation, as its functions
and service life might be greatly affected by the following factors:
Humidity from precipitation
Corrosion die to high humidity of salt content in the ambient air
Freezing of valves, taps, flaps and other components
If you intend to install the dryer outside your premises, always consult the
manufacturer prior to installation in order to agree on special design measures
as regards the equipment and the site where you wish to install the dryer.

Auxillary heating system

For installation at locations where temperatures below +1C are to be


expected, the air inlet piping of the dryer (or the inlet piping to the
preliminary filter system, if any) must be equipped with an auxillary heating
system in order to prevent the freezing of valves, taps, flaps and other
components.

Bypass line
With this line, the dryer system can be bypassed so that the compressed air
system can be operated while the dryer is switched off (e.g. maintenance).
When the air is fed through the bypass line to the consumers, it is obviously
not dried.
We recommend to install filters in the bypass line to protect the connected
devices agains contamination with dirt, water and oil.

Insulation
By insulating the dryer, its energy consumption during the heating phase
of the regeneration can be considerably reduced. If the dryer is exposed to
considerable air flow, draughts or wind, insulation is strongly recommended

Cyclic regeneration (closed loop)


By means of cyclic regeneration, it is possible to ensure efficient
regeneration of the desiccant even at extremely high ambient temperature and
air humidity

Special heating pipe or heating pipe insert


By flange-fitting a special heating pipe at the inlet channel or pipe,
regeneration gas can be fed to the dryer.

Preliminary and afterfilter


The installation of suitable preliminary filters is recommended fo these
reasons:

Removal of dirt or oil particles contained in the compressed air to prevent


contamination of the desiccant.
Elimination of large water droplets and thus prevention of unnecessary use
of desiccant.
Extension of service life of desiccant.
Preliminary filters should be installed as close to the dryer as possible. The
pipe feeding the air to the preliminary filters should be at a slight slope. It is
recommended to install an afterfilter behind the dryer to prevent
contamination of the dried compressed air with desiccant particles.

Condensate drain pipe preliminary and afterfilter


Condensate drain system are installed to drain water that has been
collected in the preliminary or afterfilter from the wet compressed air. There
are two distinct types of condensate drain system recommended, namely
level-controlled system and time-controlled systems.

Setting times of the operating phases


During the test run carried out at the factory, a number of settings for the
operation of the dryer are made (see table).
Parameter
Heating control temperature
Final temperature
Cooling temperature
Expansion pressure
Minimum operating pressure

at component
Resistance thermometer R1
Resistance thermometer R1
Resistance thermometer R1
Pressure transducers B1/B2
Pressure transducers B1/B2

Set value
160 185 C
98 115 C
50 70 C
0.4 0.6 bar
4.0 6.0 bar

Tabel 4.1 Pengaturan pada saat dryer beroperasi

Time setting of the electronic control system


Upon delivery, the dryer is set to fixed cycle operation and to the start of
the heating phase of the regeneration cycle. The times below are the
maximum times for the respective phases

Standard programme

Fixed cycle

Adsorption time
Pressure build-up time
Expansion time
Heating time monitoring
Heating time (minimum)
Cooling time (minimum)
Dew point time
After-cooling time

360 min
10 min
20 min
325 min
150 min
50 min
60 min

Variable
cycle
720 min
10 min
20 min
500 min
150 min
50 min
720 min
60 min

Tabel 4.2 Pengaturan waktu sistem kontrol elektronik dryer


It is possible to switch the operating mode from the fixed to the variable
cycle at any time. The control system will check how much time has already
lapsed in a particular phase, and will continue that or the next phase in the
other cycle in accordance with the times stated above.

4.2 Kontrol dan Indikator


the operating panel in the switch cabinet door is used to check the
operating status and to edit parameters. The display is a touch screen panel.
To operate touch the elements on the screen

The main screen


The dryer status appears on the display after commissioning.

The main screen is also the start screen for navigation in the menu

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