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1-02 03 06 01 .
1-02 03 06 03 .
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2010
811.111367.625.41 (075.8)
81.432.1-923.212
189
:
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, . .
189 :
:
1-02 03 06 01 .
1-02 03 06 03 . / . .
, . . , . . ; - ,
. . . :
. . , 2010. 104 c.
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1 - 02 03 06 01
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1-02 03 06 03 .
, .
811.111367.625.41 (075.8)
81.432.1-923.212
. ., . .,
. ., 2010
. . , 2010
..................................................................................................... 4
Unit 1 The tense and aspect distinctions of the infinitive............................5
Unit 2 The Full or Bare infinitive...............................................................12
Unit 3 The functions of the infinitive.........................................................19
Unit 4 For -To- Infinitive Construction......................................................48
Unit 5 The Infinitive or the Gerund/ - ing form..................................................57
Unit 6 Verbs taking to-infinitive or -ing form with a change in meaning.............59
Revision exercises....................................................................................... 79
.............................................................................................. 103
.
, , ,
.
, ,
.
.
.
, ,
.
:
1 - 02 03 06 01
. 1-02 03 06 03 .
,
.
(to) do
(to) be doing
(to) have done
(to) have been
doing
(to) be done
(to) have been
done
simple:
I want to see the manager. It may rain.
progressive: It's nice to be sitting here. You must be joking.
perfect:
I'm glad to have seen her. She could have told us.
passive:
She likes to be liked.
It will be posted today.
perfect progressive: I'd like to have been sitting there when she walked in.
perfect passive: You could have been killed.
The negative infinitive form is not + (to-) infinitive:
He agreed not to tell anyone.
I'm sorry not to have phoned.
Perfect infinitives have the same kind of meaning as perfect or past
tenses.
I'm glad to have left school ( = ... that I have left school)
She was sorry not to have seen Bill. ( = ... that she had not seen Bill)
We hope to have finished the job soon. ( = .. that we will have finished)
I seem to have annoyed Anne yesterday. ( = It seems that I annoyed ...)
With was/ were, would like and meant, perfect infinitives often refer to
unreal situations that are the opposite of what really happened.
He was to have gone to art college but he fell ill. (He didn't go.)
I'd like to have been sitting there when she walked in. (I wasn't there.)
I meant to have telephoned but I forgot.
Practice
5
Ex. 1. Read the following sentences and analyse the form of the
infinitive
A.
1. "When you've got time to listen," he said crossly, "you might be
interested in discussing the poorhouse question with me". 2. There was
also the question of tolerance of injure to be considered. 3. Professor
Bernsdorff was not a man to be mistaken in his beliefs. 4. There is only
one more incident to be related here, and it happens seven years farther on.
5. But these people are illogical, they want to be reassured by your telling
them what they want to believe. 6. In fact, he has to be seen to be believed.
7. I say to you I believe them to be burnt. 8. Something festive ought to
be done tonight. 9. There was not a moment to be lost. 10. There is a lot to
be seen here.
B.
1. To be able to sift evidence impartially, to take the facts and look at
them as facts that seems to me j the only logical method of arriving at the
truth. 2. At that hour people were less likely to be coming in or going out.
3. Young Tom Driscoll appeared and joined the party. He pretended to be
seeing the distinguished strangers for the first time when they rose to shake
hands. 4. Everything seems to be moving very nicely nowadays. 5. Draw
water, serve food, lay pillows on the front porch, bind wounds, hold the
dirty heads of the dying. No, this could not be happening to her. 6.
Neighbours met on the streets and stared at one another uncertain, uneasy
as to what might be impending. 7. You may be kidding, but the things that
turn the big shots against a man make just about as much sense ..." 8. The
girl noticed that particularly, because it struck her as odd that a lady so well
dressed should be carrying a case about. 9. How silly of Melanie to be
bothering about modesty at a time like this, Scarlett thought irritably.
C.
1. The twist of her imagination which, two months before, had disclosed
to her unguessed desire to see him again, seemed now to have been leading
up to this dance. 2. "I am sorry to have upset you, Miss Mary Brodil," he
had said gravely, but limiting at her the while out of his hazel eyes... 3.
Now he discussed what he ought to have said instead of what he said. 4.
"Damn," said Lord Caterham, springing up from an armchair in which ho
appeared to have been taking forty winks. 5. "Dear me," said Virginia, "I
seem to have been frightfully indiscreet." 6. I was not going to have come
6
all this way for nothing... 7. "The sound was very slight," said Virginia. "It
might have been just my imagination." 8. Though his father is known to
have been either English or Irish, he himself has worked chiefly in Paris. 9.
It is possible that you in England may not even hear of our famous and
fantastic King Victor. 10. Yes, he seems to have been taken suddenly ill at
the office.
Ex. 2. Translate into Russian paying attention to the form of the
infinitive after the modal verbs
1. You were told to be careful and you oughtn't really to have left
England for at least another month. 2. You ought to have learnt by now that
I know my own mind. 3. "My lord Milton," cried Evelyn, "couldn't you
have done something?" 4. I could have crumpled them (the papers) up and
thrown them at him, only they would not have hurt. 5. Now I see I needn't
have worried. 6. Daddy wrote so well. He ought to have been a writer. 7. I
learned something from him that I should have known myself. 8. How
could it have been otherwise? 9. I feel I ought to have gone with him. One
of us ought to have done so. 10. She must have come early to have got a
position like that. 11. Yet the gentleman might have said, "I should like a
portrait of my wife," and I he lady might have said, "I should like a portrait
of my husband."
Ex. 3. Choose the proper form of the infinitive in brackets
1. I've tried (to plan, to have planned) you a house here with some selfrespect of its own. 2. "Well," he said, "there's nothing more (to see, to be
seen) here." 3. Did he ever ask you (to engage, to be engaged) or talk about
marrying? 4. What happened is a very long time ago. I'm going (to ask, to
have asked) her to let bygones. 5. Henet was one of those people whose
fate is (to devote, to be devoted) to others and to have no one devoted to
them. 6. It had been the Christmas Eve custom of the Carters' (to hang, to
have hanged) up their children's stockings and (to fill, to have filled) them
with inexpensive toys. 7. He promised (to come, to have come) and (to see,
to have seen) them before he left. 8. She watched him with lips ready (to
speak, to have spoken) at any minute. 9. I had no cases of special interest
(to attend, to have attended). 10. He had to say: "I am sorry (to cause, to
have caused) you such distress."
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
said. 6. "You shouldn't (to leave) your lift door unbolted, miss. You really
shouldn't." "I shan't again," said Pat, with a shiver. 7. Christine knew that
this was not what she ought, (to say). 8. If you don't mind I should much
(to oblige) if you would stay. 9. She knew that she ought (to jump) out of
bed, put her arms round her mother, and attempt to comfort her. 10. You
are supposed to take notes. You can (to write) this one up if you like. 11.
He wished Chilla was still there, and he could (to point) her out to him. 12.
He must (to get) tired of going up and down in lifts. 13. They're all grown
up, as old as the hills, and Mama thinks you might (to bore). Should you
mind staying here? 14. On this she left the room, and, glancing at my
watch, I hurried out to pay some visits that ought (to make) earlier in the
day.15. "Why, you've been crying," he said, "You oughtnt (to cry) at your
age."
Ex. 9. Insert the Infinitive in the appropriate form and translate the
sentences into Russian
1. Mr Abbot was the first ... the silence. (to break). 2. The next patient ...
was nice girl in early teens. (to examine). 3. Honesty is the first
principle ... when working with us. (to observe). 4. complained that he
was always the last... . (to inform). 5. I m the last man ... question of the
kind. (to ask). 6. They were among the last... . (to arrive). 7. found he
was the only n ... the discrepancy. (to notice).8. If there is to b
vn I would like to b the n ... the job. (to offer). 9. These houses
were among the few ... after great fire. (to survive). 10. Who was the
youngest chess player ... the title of All-Union Champion? (to win). 11.
The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre players were the second British
company ... the Soviet Union. (to visit). 12. The Nuremberg trial was the
biggest international trial ... ever ... . (to hold).
Ex. 10. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the
infinitive
1 His greatest ambition is .. (choose) to take part in the Olympics.
2 Please come in. I'm sorry (keep) you waiting.
3 It is understood that the escaped prisoner might (hide) in a friend's
house for the last month.
4 I saw Amy last night. She seems ... (get) much better.
5 I hope ... (live) in my own house in five years' time.
6 The children are looking forward to ... (film) for that television
programme.
7 I'm sorry I wasn't in when you came round. I would like (see) you.
10
Infinitive
I.
1. , . 2. , . 3.
. 4. ,
. 5. ,
. 6. , . 7.
, . 8.
, . 9. (mn)
. 10. , . 11.
, . 12.
.
II.
1. , . 2. , ,
, . 3. ,
. 4. ,
. 5. , . 6.
, . 7. ,
. 8. , .
9. . 10. ,
. 11.
. 12. ,
. 13. ,
.
Practice
Ex. 14. Insert the particle "to" where required
1. Her anxiety was all the more pitiful __ see because she took such
pains __ hide it 2. I refused allow anything of the sort __ be attempted. 3.
At the same time she glanced at him __ assure herself that he must be
joking. 4. She watched Theodora's hands move as if they were about
__
reach out and __ touch something. 5. Paul tried __ break awaycome to me.
6. Then nobody need __ be disturbed. 7. I looked up, quick __ notice the
change of tone. 8. I was pleased at the idea of no more of that chilly room,
where the light hung in the one place where you could neither __ see and
__ read in bed no __ do your face, but soon I began __ be worried. 9. I
wasn't worrying about that, I happen __ be going to London. That's all. 10.
He did not think the cheeses ought __ be kept much longer. 11. He told
himself that she should __ have foreseen this ghastly thing. 12. I was in
and out of the house for three days, and I'm telling you, mate, the going-on
there had __ be heard __ believed. 13. She was relieved __ feel she need
not investigate, and probably would never __ hear the reason for this
quarrel. 14. Heater was really frightened now and even Mrs. Ogilvie was
beginning __ look as if she would rather __ be somewhere else. 15. I felt
she must __ suffer and I did not want __ see a pain which I could not __
help. 16. I would
__ give a great deal to know what is behind that affair.
17. I questioned Valerie. She would __ tell me nothing.
Ex. 15. Put the beginnings and ends together
BEGINNINGS
Ann really upset Granny.
'Are you enjoying your new job?'
'Can I see you home?'
14
want to." 8. "I think it's turned much warmer," he said. "I think we shall
probably sing outdoors this evening. In that case you needn't come inside if
you didn't want to." 9. I would like to help George to sing the way I
always wanted to myself and never could. 10. "Don't tell me anything you
don't want to," I said by way of encouraging him. 11. He has taken her
hand because she expects him to. 12. You know, I shouldn't do that. You
don't know what it may lead to
Ex. 17. In your notebook, copy the dialogue underlining all the
infinitives and adding to where it is required
Two friends, Alex and Megan, are talking.
A: Megan, where were you last night? I tried to find you but I couldn't see
you anywhere. James says he didn't see you come in to the party.
M: Yes Alex, that's right. I'm sorry. My parents wouldn't let me come out
last night. I wanted see you - honestly I did.
A: Why did your parents make you stay in? They usually allow you go out
in the evenings, don't they?
M: Yes, but I hadn't finished doing my homework. And they refused let me
go out until I had.
A: Oh dear, poor you. Oh well, never mind. Let's do something tonight
instead.
M: OK. Actually, I'd like see that new film.
A: Would you? I suppose it might be quite good but I'd rather just go out to
the cafe. I was hoping have a chance talk to you properly.
M: Well, why not do both? We could go to the early showing of the film
and then go to the cafe.
A: I'm not sure I can afford go to the cinema.
M: That's all right. I've got some money.
A: So what time would you like meet, then?
M: Six o'clock I suppose - in the cinema. I'll try get there a bit earlier and
buy the tickets
Ex. 18. Fill in the blanks with the infinitive of the verb in brackets
1. The guard would not let me (go) into the building. 2. Mrs Smith
always made her children (put) away their toys before they went to bed. 3.
Mrs Jones will not allow her dog (sit) on the sofa. 4. As a child, I was
always made (put) away my toys before I went to bed. 5. Johnny was made
(go) to bed early because he had been a naughty boy. 6. Johnny's mother
made him (say) he was sorry for being naughty. 7. I wish you wouldn't let
everyone (know) what you are doing. 8. Why don't you let me (help) you?
16
9. Mr Brown will never allow his wife (forget) that she made him (give up)
his job. 10. Since Mr Brown was made (give up) his job, he has not let his
children (have) any pocket money. 11. The notice-board says the plane will
(land) within the next few minutes. 12. Angela saw the accident (happen),
so she went to call an ambulance. 13. The thief didn't (manage) to find the
jewellery. 14. Does the gardener always (arrive) late for work? 15. The
teacher has (mark) the tests by Friday.
Ex.19. Change the sentences as shown
1 I couldn't understand the timetable. (wasn't able)
2 It's important to eat enough. (You should)
1 I'd like to go sailing this summer. (1 might)
2 She will probably get married in June. (She expects)
3 I said I would help her. (I agreed)
4 It's necessary to make careful plans. (We must)
5 Perhaps he's ill. (He seems)
8 I want to change my job. (I wish I could)
9 I may come and see you next week. (1 hope)
10You don't need to apologise. (You needn't)
11 They will open a new branch in North London. (They have decided)
12I will certainly pay you on Saturday. (I promise)
13I couldn't find the ticket office. (I didn't manage)
14I prefer to go by myself. (1 would rather)
15She said she wouldn't see him again. (She refused)
16I can play chess. (I've learnt)
Ex. 20. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the
particle to where necessary
1.I decided (to make) a fuss, and went (to look) for Robinson. 2. We
walked to the door and I saw her (to go) in and down the hall. I liked (to
watch) her (to move). 3. Let's (to go) and (to find) him, he's sure (to be) in
front of his picture. 4. It's very interesting (to hear) you (to say) that. 5.
Some important decisions must (to make) soon. 6. You must (to do)
something heroic at that time. 7. I think he must (to suffer) from injury
now. 8. You must (to dream) of it long. 9. She liked, passionately (to like),
(to think) worthy of confidence. 10. Let me (to hold) the baby, Scarlett. Oh,
I know how (to hold) babies. 11. She noticed that he seemed (to look) at
the sideboard and with her engaging smile leaned forward. 12. Do you
want (to make) something (to happen)? 13. But there is something else (to
do). 14.I have not done much for you. You might (to ask) much more at
17
that time. 15. "If you've got nothing to say," I said, "why (to try) (to say) it?
Why not (to have) a little rest?" 16. There was one more announcement (to
make).
Ex. 21. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets
1 He made me (do) it all over again. 2 She can (sing) quite well. 3
He will be able (swim) very soon. 4 I used (live) in a caravan. 5 You
ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow. 6 You needn't (say) anything.
Just nod your head and he will (understand). 7 I want (see) the house
where our president was born. 8 He made her (repeat) the message. 9
May I (use) your phone? 10 You needn't (ask) for permission; you can
(use) it whenever you like. 11 If you want (get) there before dark you
should (start) at once. 12 I couldn't (remember) his address. 13 You'll be
able (do) it yourself when you are older. 14 Would you like (go) now or
shall we (wait) till the end? 15 They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed
till our luggage has been examined. 16 How dare you (open) my letters!
17 He didn't dare (argue) with his boss. 18 I used (smoke) forty cigarettes
a day. 19 Will you help me (move) the bookcase? 20 He wouldn't let my
baby (play) with his gold watch. 21 They refused (accept) the bribe. 22
He is expected (arrive) in a few days. 23 Please let me (know) your
decision as soon as possible. 24 He made us (wait) for hours. 25 Could
you (tell) me the time, please? 26 We must (send) him a telegram. 27 I let
him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife. 28 Where would you like
(have) lunch? 29 You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want)
(take) him with you. 30 I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make)
him (go). 31 We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a
museum. 32 You seem (know) this area very well. ~ Yes, I used (live) here.
33 The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents
didn't dare (disobey). 34 Need I (come)? I'd much rather (stay) at home. 35
You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink).
(proverb). 36 I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any
more money till the end of the month.
Ex. 22. Translate into English, using would rather/had better +
infinitive
1. . . 2.
. . 3.
.
? 4. ?
. 5. .
18
. 6. ,
. 7. . . 8.
? .
. 9. ,
. 10. .
. 11.
. , . 12.
? .
. 13. ,
. . 14.
? , . . 15.
. . . 16.
. , .
Practice
19
. 26. . 27.
. 28. . 29.
. 30. ,
. 31. : -
-? 32. . 33.
. 34.
. 35. ? 36.
. 37.
. 38. .
39. - . 40.
. 41.
. 42.
, , . 43.
. 44.
. 45.
.
2. Predicative/Predicate
a)Simple predicate:
You to come so late again!
b)Predicative:
After to be:
My first thought was to phone you
be + adjective describing the activity + to-infinitive:
This book is very difficult to read.
She's very amusing to talk to
c) Modal predicate:
He is to become Mayor next month
I must see him.
d) Aspect predicate:
to begin to commence to start to come
to continue to proceed to go on to cease
began to laugh.
At last I came to understand his meaning
21
Practice
. 26. Translate the sentences into English
1. - . 2.
. .
. 4. - . 5.
- . 6.
- . 7.
, . 8.
, , - . 9.
- . 10. ,
, - . 11. ,
, - . 12.
. 13.
. 14.
. 15. , , .
16. , ,
.
3. Object
a) After certain verbs:
wants to rest.
He decided to return the same day.
They agreed to come.
b) After certain verbs + person (object):
I asked her to come here
c) After be + adjective describing personal characteristic + (of person) +
to-infinitive:
It was silly of her to say that.
It's good of you to come.
It's kind of you to help me.
22
Practice
Ex. 27. Rewrite the sentences using be + adjective + to-infinitive
1 We're going to leave. We're ready. We're ready to leave.
2 He's afraid of telling her the truth.
3 I received your letter. I was delighted.
4 I heard about their divorce. I was surprised.
5 You shouldn't interrupt people. It's rude.
6 You brought those flowers. It was very kind of you.
7 Heating this house is very expensive.
8 I saw you last night. It was lovely.
9 Having interests outside work is important.
10 That child learns very quickly.
23
Ex. 28. Translate the sentences into English using the Infinitive as
n object
1. , . 2.
. 3. . 4.
. 5. . 6.
. 7. ,
. 8. 7 .
9. . 10.
. 11.
. 12. . 13. . 14. . 15.
. 16.
. , . 17.
, . 18.
. 19. .
20. . 21. ,
. 22.
. 23. , . 24.
-? 25.
. 26.
. 27. ,
. 28. ,
. 29. :
. 30. , ,
.
4. Attribute
a) After the first/second/last/only/best (and other superlative adjectives)
+ noun or pronoun 'one':
He was the only one to die.
b) After a noun/pronoun. The verb in the infinitive relates to the
preceding noun/pronoun:
We have a problem to discuss. (= We have a problem which we should
discuss.)
I've got a comic to read. (= I've got a comic which I can read.)
I have an exercise to do. (= I have an exercise which I must do.)
The book tells you about walks to take. (= which you can take)
24
Practice
Ex. 29. Paraphrase the following so as to use the infinitive
e.g. He gave me a passage which I was to look through. He gave me a
passage to look through.
1. There are still a lot of things which must be packed. 2. There are so
many letters that must be answered. 3. I have no money which I can spend.
4. There is nothing which we might record now. 5. There is nothing you
should worry about. 6. Here is a list of medicines which are to be sold
without a prescription. 7. He is not the man you can rely on. 8. A good
housewife will always find something that must be done about the house.
9. He is not the man who can be easily impressed. 10. The next patient who
was examined was my brother. 11. There was nothing that might keep him
at home that night, and he gladly accepted the invitation. 12. She had no
one who could take care of her. 13. We've got no time that we can lose.
Ex. 30. Respond using what a/an + adjective + noun + infinitive
A: He lives in a cave, (funny place)
B: What a funny place to live!
He...
1. parked outside the police station, (silly place)
2. travels by donkey, (slow way)
3. said, "mind your own business." (rude thing)
4. sleeps in his car. (uncomfortable place)
5. makes money by telling fortunes, (interesting way)
6. swims at night, (odd time)
7. plays golf on his flat roof, (strange place)
8. makes all his important decisions in the lift, (extraordinary place)
9. lives on brown rice, (odd thing) (Keep on)
10. cooks in his bathroom, (queer place)
11. rings up his friends at 6 a.m. (inconvenient time)
12. relaxes by standing on his head, (odd way)
13. reads the telephone directory, (strange thing)
14. gets up at 4 a.m. (unpleasant time)
15. has a holiday in June, (agreeable time)
16. drives a Rolls Royce. (expensive car)
25
Ex. 31. Paraphrase the following using a noun instead of the verb in
bold type with the infinitive as attribute, make all other necessary
changes
e.g. He offered to help us but we refused. We refused his offer to help
us.
I don't want to change my mind. I have no desire to change my mind.
1.I was surprised that he refused to go there. 2. We did not know that
they planned to leave soon. 3. They demand to be regularly informed, and
you will have to comply with it. 4. I remember you promised not to talk of
it. 5.I told him that I was firmly determined to find out the truth. 6. He was
permitted to leave. 7.I don't intend to do anything about it. 8. They
repeatedly attempted to stage the experiment. 9. He did not wish to let you
down. 10. The trainer instructed the cyclists to examine their bicycles
before the competition. 11. He consented to fill up the vacancy.
Ex. 32. Translate the sentences into English using the Infinitive as
n attribute
1. - , ? 2.
. 3.
. 4. ,
. 5. , ? 6.
, . 7.
; . 8.
. 9. .
. 10. , .
11. . 12.
. 13. . 14.
, . 15. .
. 16. .
17. , . 18. ,
,
. 19.
, . 20. . 21.
; . 22.
? 23. -,
? 24. ,
.
5. The Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
The infinitive with to frequently expresses purpose, indicating that one
26
Practice
Ex. 33. Write sentences to say why people go to some of the
following places. Begin You go ...
a library You go to a library to borrow books.
a bookshop
a cinema
a theatre
a swimming pool
a gymnasium
a driving school
a station
an airport
a travel agent's
a church
a football stadium
a bank
a post office
Ex. 34. Write a sentence to say why you are learning English. (To
get a better job? To study something else? To travel? To ...?) If you can
27
work with other students, find out why they are learning English
Ex. 35. Join the sentences with in order to, so as or so that
1. I'll give you my telephone number. You can phone me at work. 2.
Take some suntan cream. Then you won't get sunburnt. 3. I'm going to the
post office. I want to post a parcel. 4. We are organizing a "Fun Run". We
want to raise money for the local hospital. 5. They took the phone off the
hook. Nobody could phone them. 6. Speak louder. Then Granny can hear
you. 7. Turn the sound down. I don't want you to disturb the neighbours. 8.
We are installing solar heating. We want to save energy.
Ex. 36. Use so as/in order with the infinitive
1. was playing very softly. didn't want to disturb nn. 2. I sent
him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his progress with his headmaster.
3. I m learning Greek. I wish to rd mer. 4. sent his children to
their aunt's house. wanted to have some . 5. read only for short
periods each day. didn't want to strain his eyes. 6. They got up very
early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise. 7. We must
keep our gloves n. We don't want to get fostbitten.
Ex. 37. Translate the sentences into English using the Infinitive as
n adverbial modifier of purpose
1. , . 2.
, . 3. 6 ,
. 4. ,
. 5. .
6. , . 7. ,
. 8. ,
. 9. , . 10.
, . 11.
, ,
. 12. , .
13. , . 14.
, . 15.
, . 16.
, . 17. ,
.
6. The Adverbial Modifier of Cause and Result
a)After too + adjective and after adjective + enough:
28
Practice
Ex. 38. Fill in "too" or "enough" with the adjectives from the list.
Add an object where necessary
small, tall, warm, early, busy, strong, difficult, tired
1. The exercise is too difficult for me to do.
2. The shoes are ... (wear).
3. We didn't go to the beach last weekend because it wasn't ... (swim).
4. She isn't ... (lift) the weights.
5. I'm ... (do) the ironing now.
6. We weren't ... (get) good seats for the concert.
7. She can't make dinner tonight. She's ... with office work ... (make) dinner
tonight.
8. He isn't ... (be) in the basketball team.
Practice
. 41. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the use of
the Complex Object
1. Seeing her enter the rom he rose to greet her. 2. Did you feel the
bridge shake? 3.I don 't like you to say such things. 4. Put n thicker coat,
I don't want you to catch cold. 5. We knew him to b very brave. 6.
Nobody said anything, we just watched him put it away in his case. 7. You
could have heard pin drop. 8. She wouldn't explain, just urged m to use
m own eyes. 9. Well, tell him to see us tomorrow morning, will you? 10.
After lunch he begged m to mn him home. 11. the way, did
she ask you to sign n papers yesterday? 12. r visit agitated the patient
so much that the doctor advised her not to m again. 13. There is n
harm, I think, in letting you know. 14.I understood you to say that you had
received n letter from your brother since he left England.
Ex. 42. Read the following sentences and analyse complex objects
1. Nick's father ordered some water to be put on the stove. 2. He never
wants anyone to carry anything. 3. I never saw a man pick up this work so
fast. 4. I don't even think they heard us come in. 5. I have watched you
paint a picture. 6. "Well, what's the matter?" She broke out finally. "Do you
expect me to jump up and sing?" 7. He had married Judy Jones and seen
her fade away before his eyes. 8. Paul suppressed a shiver, and forced
himself to ask the question uppermost in his mind. 9. ... everyone knew
him to be feeling fine. 10. He dressed well and he liked his clothes to be
properly looked after.
Ex. 43. Read and translate the following sentences. Speak on the
verbs after which complex objects are used
31
1. After a ten-minute wait I watched the train pull out. 2. Jennie was
intensely sorry. She had never heard Lester complain before. 3. How can
you expect anyone to think well of us when such things are written about
us? 4. Her smile was friendly and she made you feel, that she was really
pleased to see you. 5. Next day, though I pressed him to remain, Stroeve
left me. 6. I am not at all sure that in her own interests I shan't require her
to return to me. 7. I didn't mean you to hear, or that old person. 8. Short of
actually beating his wife, he perceived nothing to be done. 9. So I think I'd
like you to know that it's just well to be prepared, so that if she did go
suddenly it wouldn't be any shock to you. 10. I wanted us to be married at
once, but she was quite firm that she wouldn't.
Ex. 44. Remembering that after the verbs of physical perception
and after the verbs "to make" and "to let" the infinitive is used
without the particle "to", fill in the blanks with one of the verbs from
the list below. In some sentences, more than one verb is correct
to want, to make, to force, to hear, to see, to bring, to observe, to feel,
to let, to order, to tell, to compel
1. The question __ him feel embarrassed. 2. They __ me to run. 3. When
I __ him go downstairs I went down after him. 4. She could not __ herself
to tell him about it. 5. Paul__ his heart melt 6. Suddenly he __ her rise and
turn away. 7. At first he __ them to be married. 8. The colonel __ everyone
to wear a gas mask. 9. My feelings as a father __ me to ask you yet again
whether you will not reconsider your decision. 10. I __ him to eat, and
after lunch I __ him to lie down, but he couldn't sleep. 11. I __ him take
me to a restaurant of his choice.
Ex. 45. Fill in the blanks with the particle "to" where necessary
1. This is the place from which I saw John ... arrive to the house. 2. I
tried to induce him ... see doctor. 3. The family suspected it and wanted
to get him ... see lawyer. 4. asked her ... destroy his letters. 5. I told
her ... bring in the tea. 6. Women always want you ... write them letters. 7.
I'd love you... see my little daughter. 8. You can't make m ... say what you
want m ... say.9. She begged m to let her ... know when Mother would b
back. 10. I had expected him ... b disappointed. 11. Dn't let it ... trouble
you. 12. She watched m ... on the safe.
Ex. 46. Transform the following sentences into sentences with
complex object
32
Model: I still consider they are right. > I still consider them to be
right.
A. 1. He saw that the woman turned the corner. 2. They required that
should arrive at 8 a.m. 3. The judge ordered that the prisoner should be
remanded. 4.1 believe they are very good at physics and other pure
sciences. 5. He did what he could, though considered he got little thanks
for it from his wife and five kids.
Model: She reddened on hearing these words. (to see) -> He saw her
redden on hearing these words.
B. 1. He went downstairs. (to hear) 2. They married a year ago. (to
believe) 3. He ate much and slept after lunch. (to force, to induce) 4. His
clothes looked smart. (to like) 5. I feel quite at home here. (to make)
. 47. Replace the following complex sentences r groups of
sentences b simple sentences with the Infinitive Construction
1.I shall stay at home and do m lessons. Mother said so. 2. I never
smoke indoors. wife doesn't like it. 3. He's n honest b. I know it. 4.
We don't eat ice-cream before dinner because Mother has forbidden it. 5.
You got off the train at Saltmarsh city. The porter saw you. 6. ordered
that tea should b brought at n. 7. No n had expected that she would
mrr the man. 8. I could hear it perfectly well. They were discussing m.
9. Don't shout so! The whole house will know what has happened.
Ex. 48. Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as one sentence,
using the ing form or a bare infinitive
1 I saw you the other day. You were cycling to work.
2 I heard him early this morning. He left the house.
3 She stood there and watched him. He drove away.
4 Did you notice me? I was crying.
5 I've often seen you. You've been walking along the beach with your dog.
6 Have you ever heard him? He plays the saxophone.
7 I expect to find you when I get back. You'll be working hard.
8 Did you hear me? I arrived
to the same holiday resort but at different times. Afterwards the boys and
the girls compare their holidays. The boys had a much more interesting
time! The boys speak first.
(a) Active: A: We went rock climbing.
B: Our parents didn't let us go rock-climbing.
(b) Passive: A: We ran about without shoes.
B: We weren't allowed to run about without shoes, (stress on we and
allowed)
We...
1. ran about without shoes.
8. canoed down the river.
2. slept in the garden.
9. climbed the cliffs.
3. practised parachuting.
10. went surfing.
4. played water polo.
11. rode Peter's pony.
5. sailed round the island.
12. explored the caves.
6. water skied.
13. learnt how to dive.
7. had bicycle races on the sand.
b) would prefer + object + infinitive
A: Shall I phone Tom tomorrow? B: I'd prefer you to phone him today.
Shall I... tomorrow'''
1. phone Bill
9. go to the library
2. bring my friends
10. read the instructions
3. speak to James
11. take the books back
4. sweep the stairs
12. burn the rubbish
5. begin
13. get the new programme
6. pay the milk bill
14. write to the Smiths
7. come
15. buy your season ticket
8. leave
16. make the arrangements
Ex. 52. Paraphrase these sentences using a to-infinitive
e.g. People know that he is an honest man. People know him to be an
honest man.
1. I believe that she is guilty. 2. I found that the job was too difficult. 3.1
know that she has an interest in the company. 4.1 imagine that he works
very hard. 5. The teacher considered that my answer was inadequate. 6.1
felt that it was true. 7.1 suppose that the matter is urgent. 8.1 think he is a
bore.
Ex. 53. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
a) I asked John to help me. I made/let him come. He was made to come.
He was allowed to come.
35
1.
. 2. . 3.
. 4. ,
. 5. . 6.
. 7.
. 8. . 9.
. 10. . 11.
. 12.
. 13.
. 14.
. 15.
. 16. , . 17.
, . 18.
. 19.
. 20. . 21.
. 22.
. 23. . 24.
, . 25. ,
. 26.
. 27. . 28.
. 29. . 30. .
b)I want you to come. I'd like you to come. I expect him to join us.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. , . 4.
, . 5. , ?
6. , . 7. ,
. 8. ,
. 9. , ? 10.
, . 11. ,
. 12. , .
13. , . 14. ,
. 15. , ? 16.
, . 17.
, . 18. ,
.
c) I know him to be an honest man.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. , . 4. ,
36
. 5. , ? 6.
, . 7. ,
. 8. , . 9.
. 10. ,
.
d)See someone do and see someone doing
1. , -. 2.
, . 3. ,
. 4. , , ,
. 5. , ,
. 6. , ,
, . 7. , -
. 8. , . 9.
, . 10.
, , . 11.
, . 12. ,
. 13. (), .
14. , . 15.
, -. 16. ,
, - . 17. ,
.
Ex. 54. Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets to complete
these sentences
1. I looked out of the window and watched the children (play/ playing)
in the yard for a few minutes. 2. I saw Linford Christie (win/winning) the
100 metres final at the Barcelona Olympics. 3. I heard a wild animal
(cry/crying) out suddenly, as if it had been caught in a trap. 4. We heard
someone (play/playing) loud music in the flat above us well after midnight
last night. 5. She ran into the kitchen because she could smell something
(burn/burning). 6.1 can feel something (crawl/crawling) down my back!
7.1 jumped when I heard the door (slam/slamming). 8. They saw the boy
(fall/ falling) into the water. 9. I saw Sue (drop/dropping) the bag and
(pick/picking) it up again. 10. As I walked past the room, I heard two
people (argue/arguing). 11. We stopped for a moment and watched them
(build/building) the new hospital. 12. Did you see someone
(break/breaking) the window? 13. We watched them (climb/climbing) up to
the top of the hill and then come down again. 14. We saw the man
(post/posting) a letter and walk down the street. 15. As I looked out of the
37
window I noticed the woman (repair/repairing) her car. 16. I turned roimd
because I suddenly felt someone (grab/grabbing) my sleeve. 17. As we
walked through the streets of the city, we were shocked to see so many
people (sleep/sleeping) in shop doorways. 18.1 was driving down the road
when I saw a woman (walk/ walking) straight in front of a bicycle. 19.1
woke up because I heard people (shout/shouting) in the street. 20. All of a
sudden I heard the branch (break/breaking) 21. When I was downtown
yesterday I saw the police (chase/chasing) a thief. 22.1 like to listen to the
birds (sing/singing) when I get up early in the morning. 23. While I was
waiting for my plane, I watched other planes (land /landing) and (take
off/taking off). 24. Do you hear someone (call/ calling) for help in the
distance? I do.
Ex. 55. Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the infinitive
without to
1 I saw her ...turn... (turn) the corner and..................(disappear).
2 Can you hear the dog........................(bark) outside?
3 I watched the plane........................(take off) and then I left.
4 He was listening to the rain......................(patter) on the roof.
5 Paul noticed a woman........(stare) at him while he was waiting at the
station.
6 When she opened the door she saw someone............(try) to steal her car.
. 56. Translate the sentences
I.
1. . 2.
. 3. , - . 4.
. 5. . 6.
. 7. .
8. , . 9. . 10.
. 11. . 12.
, . 13. ,
. 14. , . 15.
.
II.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. . 4.
? 5. . 6. .
38
7. . 8. ,
. 9.
. 10. . 11.
. 12.
( ). . 13.
, .
. 57. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
I.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. ,
. 4. , -
. 5. , . 6.
,
. 7. ,
, - . 8. ,
. 9. , - . 10.
, .
II.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. , -
. 4. , . 5.
, ? 6. ,
. 7. , . 8.
, .
III.
1 . , (move). 2. ,
. 3. ,
. 4. , . 5.
, . 6.
. 7. ,
. 8. ,
. 9. , .
10. . 11.
, .
10. Complex Subject: verb in the passive + infinitive
a) with the verbs:
39
to feel
to see
to hear
to watch
to notice
She was heard to sing something on the balcony
b) After verbs of knowing and believing
to find to know to mean to presume
to regard to suppose to understand
is said to deserve the reward.
The palace was reported to have been fully destroyed by the fire.
She was thought to have left her husband years ago.
He looked at the girl. She was supposed to be watching the game.
Complex Object Complex Subject:
Compare:
I know him to be an honest man.
He is known to be an honest man.
c) the expressions:
to be likely
to be unlikely
to be sure
to be certain
,
, ,
,
. 20. , -, . 21.
, -, . 22. , ,
. 23. - . 24. , ,
. 25. , -, . 26.
. 27.
. 28. , . 29.
, . 30. , ,
. 31. , -, . 32. , , . 33. , , . 34.
. 35.
. 36. . 37. ,
. 38. , ,
.39. , ,
. 40. , , . 41. ,
-, . 42. , . 43.
.
b) is said/supposed/thought, etc. to be clever.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. ,
. 4. , . 5. ,
. 6. ,
. 7. , 15 . 8. ,
. 9. ,
. 10. ,
. 11. ,
. 12. , . 13. ,
. 14. ,
. 15. ,
. 16. ,
.
c) likely/unlikely/certain/sure + infinitive
1. , , . 2. ,
. 3.
. 4. , . 5. ,
, . 6. . 7.
, . 8.
45
() . 9. . 10.
, . 11.
. 12. , ,
1- . 13.
. 14. ,
. 15. ,
. 16. ,
. 17. . 18.
.
. 69. Translate the words in brackets
1. is thought () very good singer. 2. They r expected
() reply today. 3. They r said () to new flat. 4.
Who is supposed () the letter? 5. The doctor is supposed
() you something. 6. The results of the experiment r believed
() very good. 7. he new instrument is expected () scientists
solve many important problems. 8. The members of the committee r
understood () to an agreement. 9. is said () them his
services. 10. In the 19th century the dark areas n the Mas were thought
() seas. 11. We were supposed () the day n board the ship.
12. The seamen were not supposed () ashore that day. 13. The
expedition is said () very important discovery. 14. They were
expected () 300 miles that day. 15. She is known (
) in the subject. 16. They were heard () t do it. 17. The ship is
expected () here n Tuesday. 18. They r supposed
() him. 19. They were believed () the secret ll the
time.
. 70. Translate the following sentences into English
I.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. , . 4.
. 5. , . 6.
. 7. . 8.
, . 9. , . 10.
, . 11.
.
II.
1. , , . 2. , , . 3. ,
, . 4. , -, . 5.
46
, , . 6. , -,
. 7. , . 8.
, , . 9. ,
. 10. , , . 11. , ,
.
III.
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. , 15
. 4. ,
. 5. , .
6. , . 7.
, , . 8. , -,
.
47
FOR
My mother has arranged for
OBJECT
someone
It's difficult
The
crowd
impatient
It's a nuisance
you
for
were for
for
TO-INFINITIVE
to look after her dog next
week.
unskilled people to find work these days.
the match
to begin.
to have to wait.
48
Practice
Ex. 71. Read the following sentences and state the function of the
"for"-complexes with the infinitive
1. They feel that what they tell you will excite your interest in an
impersonal way that will make it easier for them to discharge their souls. 2.
The lady was speaking too fast for me to catch what she said. 3. "This
question of company," he said, "is something for me to decide." 4. So now
she waited for Frank to speak. 5. ... they thought it was better for me to live
in a place like this. 6. It would not be possible for a human and intelligent
person to invent a rational excuse for slavery. 7. I told them that the plan
was for them to come and have a bit of breakfast at my house and then
drive home. 8. Look here, there's no need for you to wait about; you have
your housework to do, which is more important than seeing me off. 9. He
was anxious for her to get settled so that she could begin work. 10. Ned
suggested books for him to read and he took them out of the library....
Ex. 72. Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to
the function of the for-complexes with the infinitive
1. It is possible for any man to disregard others entirely. 2. In a minute it
would be fitting for me to take my leave. 3. They were grouped about the
mother, waiting for something to happen. 4. You all used to be sweet and
loving to each other, it was a joy for me to see you. 5. You know, Harry,
you do make it hard for me to keep the place looking nice when you leave
your things about everywhere. 6. She waited for Violet to say something. 7.
My friend motioned for him to come in. 8. "When will you marry me?"
"Are you ready for me to marry you?" 9. She was very nice to me, kind
and thoughtful; I knew she was glad to see me and sorry when it was time
for me to go. 10. "It is not for me to disagree there," said Jolyon, "but that's
quite beside the mark."
Ex. 73. Transform the following sentences so as to use forcomplexes with the infinitive
Model: He came in the nick of time. It was usual of him. > It was
usual for him to come in the nick of time.
A.
l. She told them the truth. It was easy for her. 2. Your child must spend
more time outdoors. It will be better for him. 3. He speaks too fast. I
cannot follow him. 4. We are going to the country on the coming weekend.
It will be good for us. 5. Old people do not usually change their habits. It is
49
oppressive. We did not stay long n the beach. . The prblem was
comparatively easy. I solved it in half an hour. 4. The situation was getting
complicated. We could n longer with it. 5. The conversation was
interesting. The children did not want to go to bed. 6. The noise of the
taffic grew loud. I could not sleep. 7. The light was good. She could read
the inscription.
. 81. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
1. ,
. 2. ,
. 3. , . 4.
- , ,
. 5. , .
. 82. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
1. . 2. . 3.
. 4.
. 5. . 6.
. 7. . 8.
.9. . 10.
. 11. ,
? 12. ( ), .
13. , . 14. ,
. 15. ,
. 16. , . 17.
, . 18.
. 19. . 20.
, . 21. ,
. 22.
5 . 23.
. 24. . 25.
. 26. , . 27.
, . 28.
. 29. ,
. 30. . 31. ,
. 32. , ,
. 33.
. 34. .
35. , . 36.
, .
52
37. . 38.
. 39. ,
. 40. ,
.
Ex. 83. Translate into English
1. . 2.
, - . 3. ,
, ,
, . 4.
, . 5.
, , ,
. 6. .
. 7. ,
. 8. ,
. 9. ,
. 10. ,
, , . 11.
. 12. ,
, . 13.
- ,
.
Ex. 84. Use the infinitive in the function of:
A. the subject
1. ... is not my custom. 2 .... is quite unusual for her. 3. ... was the last
thing any man wanted. 4. .... is a hardship. 5. ... is a real pleasure. 6. ... is
useful.
B. a part of the compound predicate
a) 1. All they do is ... . 2. To get straight to the best is . 3. The only
safe and sane thing to do was ... . 4. I What my father should do is.. .. 5.
My original idea was... . 6. His only regret was ... . 7. His only joy was ... .
8. Her first impulse was ... . 9. The last thing in the world she wanted
was ... .
b) 1. He got up and started ... . 2. He looked curiously at the child and
began ... . 3. She gave a short acid laugh and began ... . 4. He had a fancy
that he had seen the man somewhere before and started ... . 5. Though it
was late he had ... . 6. It was arranged that we were ... .
53
C. an object
a) 1. There is a couple of things I want ... . 2. I order .. .. 3. I didn't mean
.. . 4. Has your mother persuaded you ... ? 5. It occurred to me ... . 6. Don't
bother ... .
b) 1. I'm afraid he is not ready ... . 2. They are anxious ... . 3. One day
people will be able ... . 4. In her state she is liable ... . 5. He's quite
willing ... . 6. She seemed reluctant ... .
D. an attribute
1. He resisted the temptation ... . 2. He regretted his inability ... . 3.
There is nothing ... . 4. His wife was the first ... . 5. Again he was the last ...
E. an adverbial modifier
a) 1. The family had gathered ... . 2. She might have dropped in ... . 3.
She bowed graciously and turned ... . 4. We climbed up the mountain ... . 5.
He rose from his chair ... . 6. I got up and stood up at the door ... .
b) 1. The novel was easy enough ... . 2. She was too sad ... . 3. He
couldn't do enough ... . 4. He knew enough of the country not ... . 5. We are
too aware of the fact not ... . 6. He was too astonished ... .
c) 1. ..., you might imagine him to be the Almighty. 2. ..., you would
never suspect him of having nerves. 3. ..., one might think that he
graduated from Oxford. 4. , you might think he is a born orator. 5. ...,
you wouldn't believe she was a famous singer. 6. ... you would notice that
they are skilled workmen.
F. a parenthesis
1. ... she is no match for him. 2. ... there isn't enough space to work in.
3. ... violence is a sign of weakness or fear, not a sign of strength. 4. ... I am
unable to accept your kind invitation. 5. She was a woman past middle age,
... . She was over seventy.
Ex. 85. Make up sentences, using the expressions given below
A.
1. to read is; to help her was; it is impossible to; it is advisable to; it is
unbearable to. 2. is to help; is to ring; was to laugh; must go; must have
gone; dared not speak 3. didn't mean to; don't bother to; I am going to; was
anxious to; is afraid to; is careful not to. 4. he was the first to; she is the last
to; there is nothing to. 5. came here to; rose to; went there to; was too
astonished to; was too glad to; to have seen him dance; to have heard them
speak English. 6. to begin with; to crown it all; to put it mildly; to be quite
54
Practice
Ex. 90. Complete the sentences using the words in bold
We are allowed to take a one-hour lunch break.
allow
They ............................ a one-hour lunch break.
They require employees to work on Saturdays.
required
Employees ..........................................on Saturdays.
You need to improve your handwriting considerably.
needs
Your handwriting........................... considerably.
She has been learning German since last year.
began
She....................................................last year.
They advised not drinking the water.
were We.................................... the water.
Ex. 91. Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the infinitive
58
There has been a bomb scare in central London. The police advise
everybody 1) .......... (stay) clear of the area. You are recommended not
2)..............(travel) by tube as the service has been suspended. We'd recommend
3)..........(take) the bus, but only if your journey is essential. The police require
any members of the public with any information relating to this incident 4)...........
(come forward).
meaning
1) forget + to-inf (= fail to remember to do sth)
He forgot to turn off the radio.
forget + -ing form (= not recall a past event)
I'// never forget seeing the Eiffel Tower for the first time,
2) remember + to-inf (= not forget to do sth)
Please, remember to feed the dog before leaving.
remember + -ing form (= recall a past event)
I don't remember seeing him at the party last night.
3) mean + to-inf (= intend to)
She means to study art in Paris this summer.
mean + -ing form (= involve)
I won't go if it means taking the train during rush hour.
4) go on + to-inf (= finish doing sth and start doing sth else; then;
afterwards)
He pruned the hedges, then went on to mow the lawn.
go on + -ing form (= continue)
We went on dancing until we got tired.
5) regret + to-inf (= be sorry to)
I regret to informyou that there are no seats on the 12.30 flight.
regret + -ing form (= have second thoughts about sth already done)
He regrets buying such an expensive sports car.
59
When driving in the rain, I'm afraid of skidding on the wet road
13) I like going for a run before work.
(I enjoy the activity of going for a run before work. I may or may not do it
regularly.)
I like to go for a run before work.
(Describes a regular activity. I like it because I think it's a good idea. I may
or may not enjoy the activity while I am actually doing it.)
Compare would like and like.
I'd like to lie on the beach today. It's too hot to spend my holidays
sunbathing.
I'd like means 'I want', but it is more polite I like means the same as 'I
enjoy',
14) come + to-inf = talk about a gradual change
After some years, they came to accept her as an equal.
come + ing = to say that someone moves in the way that is described
He came hurrying up the path.
15) Used + to-infinitive = something happened regularly or went on for
a time in the past.
I used to travel means that in the past I regularly travelled, but I no
longer do so.
We cannot use this structure in the present tense.
Be used to + ing-form = something is familiar and is no longer strange.
I'm used to travelling means that travelling is no longer strange or
difficult because I have done it for so long.
We can also say get used to talk about things becoming more familiar.
It was difficult at first, but Mike soon got used to working at night.
After her husband died, the old woman had to get used to living on her
own.
Practice
Ex. 92. Compare the following pairs of sentences
1. I remembered taking my medicine.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Ex. 95. Some of these sentences are correct, if they are incorrect,
cross out the unnecessary word
1. I'm used to driving in heavy traffic every day.
2.Although feeling tired, Polly didn't want to go to bed.
3. It's important for to sign the form.
4. Peter broke his arm in playing rugby.
5. A woman accused Martin of stealing her money.
6. I wasn't sure whether to write a letter of thanks.
7. Do you remember a young man bumping into you?
8. The girl's parents wouldn't let her to stay out so late.
9.The book is too difficult enough for children to understand
10. Police found the woman for lying dead on the floor.
11. Cars are always expensive to repair them.
12. The man died as a result of falling asleep while driving.
Ex. 96. Put in the to-infinitive or the ing-form of the verbs
1 Remember and forget
Laura: Did you remember (1)..... (pick) up those photos today?
Trevor: What photos?
Laura:
Oh, no. I can remember (2) ... (mention) it to you only this
morning.
Trevor: I can't remember(3)... (agree) to pick up some photos.
Laura:
Well, don't forget (4)... (call) at the shop for them tomorrow.
You've got a
terrible memory. Yesterday you forgot (5)... (lock) the door.
Trevor: I'm sure I didn't forget (6)... (lock) it. I can clearly remember (7)...
(look) for my keys. They were in my pocket.
Laura: You ought to write notes to yourself to remind you.
Trevor: That wouldn't be any good. I'd never remember (8)... (look) at
them!
2 Remember, regret, try, etc
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I used to like going to our local cinema. It was old and rather
uncomfortable, but it had character.Now they've stopped (1).....(show)
films there. The owner would like to go on (2)... (run) the cinema, but he
would need (3)... (make) a lot of improvements, which would mean (4)...
(spend) tens of thousands of pounds. I remember (5)... (watch) the last film
at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end,
and we were trying (6)... (work) out who the murderer was when suddenly
all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few
minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. I regret (7)... (tell) you,'
he said, 'that our electricity has failed. I don't mean (8)... (disappoint) you,
but I'm afraid we can't show you the end of the film. We've tried (9)...
(phone) the electricity company, but they say they can't help.' He went on
(10)... (explain) to the audience how the film ended. I didn't understand the
story. But I don't regret (11)... (go) to the cinema on that last evening.
Ex. 97. Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
the first. Use the word in brackets
I wish I hadn't sold my bike, (regret)
I regret selling my bike.
1. The children were eager to see their presents, (wait)
2. I hate to get up in the dark, (stand)
3. By chance I saw your brother yesterday, (happened)
4. The shop usually opens ten minutes late, (tends)
5. Would you like to go for a walk? (fancy)
6. The police continued to watch the house, (carried)
7. Seeing Nelson Mandela will always stay in my memory, (forget)
Ex. 98. Look at what people say and write a comment about each
person. Rewrite the second sentence using
a) afraid to or afraid of
Vicky: There's a large bull in the field. I don't want to open the gate.
Vicky is afraid ....
Claire: I arrived at the airport in good time. 1 thought I might get stuck in
traffic.
Claire was afraid .....
Nick: I was going to do a bungee jump yesterday. But I couldn't jump.
Nick ...
Daniel: The policeman looked angry. I didn't want to argue with him.
Daniel....
Matthew: I'm keeping my shirt on. I might get sunburnt.
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Matthew .....
b) afraid, anxious, ashamed and interested. Complete the conversation.
Put in a to-infinitive or a preposition + ing-form.
Laura: I'm ashamed ..... (admit) it, but aeroplanes terrify me. I get really
anxious ..... (fly). I'm afraid ... (buy) a plane ticket. I can't stand being on
a plane. I'm afraid ........(get) killed. I feel ashamed ... (be) so silly.
Sarah: Aren't there things you can do to overcome your fear?
Laura: Well, 1 was interested ... (read) in the paper recently that you can
go on a course that helps you. I'm anxious) ... (book) a place on it very
soon.
c) Sorry. Complete the conversation. Use a to-infinitive or about + ingform.
Alan: I'm sorry .... you (I'm disturbing you), but could I just say
something? I'm sorry... (I was so rude) last night. I didn't mean what I said.
Mark: Oh, that's OK. I'm sorry ... (I lost my temper).
Alan: Right. OK. And, as I said, sorry ... (I'm interrupting you).
Ex. 99. Complete the conversations
a) Put in used to with the verb
Mrs Bell is a hundred years old. She's the oldest person in the village. A
radio reporter is interviewing her.
Mrs Bell: I've always lived in the village, but not always in this house.
Reporter: Where did .....(you / live)?
Mrs Bell: When I was a girl, we lived at Apple Tree Farm.... (we / like) it
there.
Reporter: But life was hard, wasn't it?
Mrs Bell: Oh, yes. Things ... (be) different from the way they are now. In
those days ... (we / not / have) electricity.
Reporter: And ... (you / help) with the farm work?
Mrs Bell: Yes, ... (I / look) after the hens.
b) Used to do and be used to doing. Put in a to-infinitive or to + ingform. Use the verbs in brackets.
1. When I was a child, I . (dream) of being an astronaut.
2. I'm terribly nervous. I'm not used . (speak) to a large
audience.
3. It took us ages to get used . (live) in a block of flats.
4. Lots of trains used..... (stop) here, but not many do now.
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A. having invited
C. to have invited
B. having been invited D. to have been invited
7. The stockbroker denied... of the secret business deal.
A. having informed
C. to have informed
B. having been informed D. to have been informed
8. George mentioned... in an accident as a child, but he never told us the
details.
A. having injured
C. to have injured
B. having been injured D. to have been injured
9. The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage. However, they
now regret... him by providing too many material possessions.
A. having spoiled
B. having been spoiled
C. to have spoiled
D. to have been spoiled
10. The spy admitted... some highly secret information to enemy agents.
A. having given
C. to have given
B. having been given
D. to have been given
11. We were shocked to hear the news of your...
A. having fired
C. to be fired
B. having been fired
D. to have been fired
12. Marge's children are used to... after school every day. They don't have
to walk home.
A. picking up
C. be picked up
B. being picked up
D. pick up
13. The bus driver was so tired of... the same route every day that he asked
for a transfer.
A. to drive
B. being driven
. driving
D. drive
14. I'm sure it's not my fault that Peter found out what we were planning. I
don't remember... anyone about it.
A. having told
C. to tell
B. being told
D. to be told
15. Even though she was much younger than the other children, Alexis
demanded... in the game they were playing.
A. including
C. to include
B. being included
D. to be included
16. The baby continued... even after she was picked up.
A. being crying
B. having cried
C. to cry
D. having been crying
Ex. 102. Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or -ing form
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1. I'll never forget .......... (travel) across America.Yes, but you forgot.........
(send) me a postcard, didn't you?
2. I hate......................(ask) you, but can you help me with the housework?
Sure, but remember I hate (do) the vacuuming.
3. The door wants...................(fix). I know. I wanted(ask) the carpenter to
come and have a look but I forgot.
4. I'm sorry.....................(put) you in such a difficult position. It's OK. I'm
sorry for..........................(shout) at you.
5. I'd prefer.....................(spend) this weekend at home. Really? I
prefer ....... (go out) whenever I've got free time.
6. Did he go on....................(talk) about the same boring topics all night?
No, he went on.....................(show) us his holiday photos.
7. Don't be afraid...................(talk) to her in French. I can't. I'm afraid
of .........(make) mistakes.
8. I meant......................(tell) you there's a job vacancy at the chemist's.
Well, I won't apply if it means (work) at the weekend.
9. Why don't you try................(take) a different medicine if you're still ill? I
think I'll just try........................(get) some more sleep.
10...................................Let's stop (have) something to eat. Again? I wish
you'd stop ...........(eat) so much!
11.The notice says the gallery regrets (inform) us that the Picasso
exhibition has finished. Oh, no! Now I regret .........(not/go) last week.
12..............................................Did you remember (post) the letters? I
remember........(take) them but I think I've left them on my desk
Ex. 103. Put in the correct forms of the verbs
1 You can't help (like) him.
2 We decided (stay) at home.
3 We expect (hear) from Ann soon.
4 Do you fancy (go) out tonight?
5 I don't feel like (cook).
6 When do you finish (study)?
7 I've given up (smoke).
8 Imagine (be) married to her!
9 I managed (find) a taxi.
10Would you mind (pass) the bread?
11 I missed (see) the beginning of the film.
12She pretended (be) ill.
13Don't put off (see.) the doctor.
14He spends ages (talk) on the phone.
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Jessica: I'm afraid I can't afford ... (spend) too much money.
Andrew: And I can't justify ... (take) all that time off from my studies.
Ex. 108. Make sentences from the notes
e.g. Tessa / want / buy / a new coat / soon
Tessa wants to buy a new coat soon.
1. we / must / avoid / waste / so much time
2. sometimes / a country / refuse / take part / in the Olympics
3. I / like / see / the Rocky Mountains / some day
4. I / mean / give / Judy / a nice welcome / yesterday
5. I / always / like / see / my doctor / once a year
6. the buses / usually / stop / run / before midnight
7. I / can't face / get up / at five / tomorrow
8. last year / we / make / an agreement / work / together
9. yesterday / you / promise / carry on / shoot / the film
10. my father / seem / get / better / now
Ex. 109. Choose one of the verbs in brackets to complete each
sentence
1 a) I ..taught.... Jim to drive a car before the age of 18. (hoped/taught)
b) I ............ to drive a car before the age of 18.
2 a) We him to go to the party.
(allowed/agreed)
b) Weto go to the party.
3 a) They..........for the kittens to go to good homes. (wanted/arranged)
b) They..........the kittens to go to good homes.
4 a) He............the children to stay away.
(warned/threatened)
b) He............to stay away.
5 a) The police........for his protectors to give him up. (appealed/forced)
b) The police......him to give himself up.
6 a) She...........him to visit the exhibition before it ended. (promised/told)
b) She............to visit the exhibition before it ended.
7 a) Did you........for the bed to be delivered or shall I collect it?
(need/arrange)
b) Did you........the bed to be delivered or will you collect it yourself?
8 a) I my mother to buy a new car. (decided/persuaded)
b) I to buy a new car.
Ex. 110. Write the correct form of the verbs given in brackets
Einstein: an ordinary child
Einstein was not a remarkable child. He began (1 take).piano
lessons at the age of six. He didn't seem (2 be) ..particularly
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through.
Ex. 113. Complete this article from a magazine
accept, argue, be, find, have, insist, lose, plug, repair, say, take, wait
If you buy something from a shop, a new stereo for example, you
usually can't wait .......... it in and put some music on. And of course, you
expect ......... the equipment in working order. But that doesn't always
happen, unfortunately. If the thing doesn't work, you should take it straight
back to the shop. If you delay ..it back, you will risk
..your rights as a customer. And you should prepare ..on
those rights. You may be one of those people who always avoid
with people, but in this case you should be ready for an
argument. The assistant may prove ..a true friend of the customer
- it's not impossible but first he or she will probably offer ..
the stereo for you. That's all right if you don't mind a few
weeks, but it isn't usually a good idea. What you should do is politely
demand .your money back immediately. You may want to
accept another stereo in place of the old one, but you don't have to. You
should refuse .. a credit note, just keep on ..that
you want your money back.
Ex. 114. Complete these sentences with either a to-infinitive or an
ing form. Sometimes more than one verb is possible
admire buy check
enjoy introduce say
smoke
spend
talk
tell tear live notify turn down
put
1 a) Although it was hard at first, she came ....to enjoy.
b) As I walked through the gate, the dog came ..towards me.
c) After working with her for so long, I came ..her patience and
efficiency.
d) Yesterday, Tom was so late he came .downstairs, grabbed a
cup of coffee and left.
2 a) The children were shouting and screaming, but he went on..
to Frank.
b) We've tried to persuade her to stop, but she just goes on
c) Dr Harris welcomed the members of the committee and went
on..................................................................the subject of the
meeting.
d) Then, in her letter, she goes on.........................that most of her family
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were
The audience ..the performance.
13 The film was so interesting that I saw it twice.
was
I .the film that I saw it twice.
14 It was difficult for him to understand the instructions.
hardly
He ..the instructions.
15 Could you move a bit please?
mind
Would.a bit please?
16 The headmaster let the boys leave the school.
were
The boys.the school.
17 She prefers working to staying at home.
than
She prefers..at home.
18 They took three days to finish the project.
them
It.to finish the project.
Ex. 118. Complete the second sentence so that it is as similar in
meaning as possible to the first sentence. Do not change the word given
1 I'm sorry but we have decided not to accept our application.
regret
I........................................................
2 Funnily enough I'd prefer a pizza for a change.
rather
Funnily enough................................
3 We were not allowed to drink too much Coke when we were children.
let
Our parents......................................
4 I think it would be a good idea to take the train.
Suggest
I ...................
5 She succeeded in persuading her parents to let her go.
managed
She..................................................
6 It looks as if this door's locked after all.
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appears
This.................................................
7 One of the things I hate is people eating popcorn in the cinema.
stand
One of the things I..........................
8 The singer arrived two hours late but I'm glad I waited for him.
worth
The singer.......................................
9 Jack said he had to catch the early flight.
insisted
Jack
10 I can't wait to get your next letter.
forward
I .
Ex. 119. Imagine you are filling out a questionnaire about yourself
1. In the summer, I enjoy............................................
2. Sometimes I can't help............................................
3. I always postpone...................................................
4. Some of my friends never make an effort...............
5. My parents don't regret...........................................
6. I get easily bored with............................................
7. I am certainly in favour of......................................
8. I think I am mature enough .....................................
9. I always do my best ................................................
10. I am very interested in.............................................
Ex. 120. A group of people went fishing last Sunday. Use your own
ideas to say what happened using infinitives or -ing form
decide, look forward to, try, manage, continue, stop, notice, begin, have a
difficult time, be afraid, appear, happen help, be relieved, regret
Revision exercises
Forms of the infinitive
Ex. 121. Write what each word is followed by: full inf., bare inf. oring form
78
1 enjoy
+ 5 it's no use + 9 resist
2 promise + 6 can't stand + 10 agree
3 be made + 7 can't help + 11 can
+ 13 would
+ 14 refuse
+ 15
spend
time
would + 16 avoid
+
+
+
UFOs.
13.He was the first British writer. .....(award) the Nobel prize for literature.
14.Aren't you supposed..........(look after) your sister at the moment?
Ex. 126. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive
1. The weather seems .................................... (improve). Let's go out.
2. This carpet is filthy; it really needs ..................(clean) soon.
3. The waste from the power station is said ...........(pollute) the atmosphere
for months.
4. It will be much too hot ..........................(wear) a coat.
5. You must have been thirsty ..............................(drink) all that water.
6. He appears ..................................................(injure) as a result of the fight.
7. You're not expected ..........................(pay) the whole amount today.
8. The report was supposed.................................(finish) two hours ago.
9. It was very cold earlier on today but it seems ......................(warm up) now.
10.He claims .................................(discover) a cure for the common cold.
11. Can I trust you...............................................(keep) this a secret?
12.She seems ...................................................(work) too hard these days.
13.She appears ............................(work) on her composition for hours.
14.She has decided ................................................(accept) my offer.
15.I'm hoping ...................(leave) by then so I won't be able to come with you.
Ex. 127. Fill in the correct form of the infinitives
1. My boss expects me ...to work... (work) overtime.
2. The suspect claimed ............................(watch) TV at the time of the robbery.
3. Jill's teacher is worried about her as she seems ....................(have) difficulty
coping with her studies.
4. Young children often ask .................................................(take) to the zoo.
5. The burglars must have come in through the window as the lock
seems...(force).
6. "I happen ................(pass) my driving test two years ago, you know," he said.
7. Robert is expecting .............(inherit) a large house when his grandfather dies.
8. "Mark appears .............(overtake) John on the last lap. Yes, he's passed him!"
9. Leslie seems .................................................(enjoy) her new job.
10. I'd like ...................................(book) a return ticket to Denver, please.
11. Stop pretending ............................(eat) your food - just finish it up, please.
12. The manager seems ..(get) impatient with the interviewee.
Ex. 128. Use the appropriate form of the Infinitive in brackets
1. I m glad (to introduce) to you. 2. The b was (to handle) with r.
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You should (to ask) someone (to help) you. This might not (to happen). 3.
r mood seems (to change) for the worse. We had better not (to speak) to
her now. 4. I am sorry (to disappoint) you but I did not mean anything of
the kind. 5. is happy (to award) the first Landscape Prize for his picture.
6. was anxious (to take) the first place in the figure-skating
competition. 7. The m n easily (to memorize). 8. This m is easy
(to memorize). 9. I did not expect (to ask) this question. 10. There were so
many things (to do), so mn experiments (to try). 11. The teacher
expected him (to give) better answer at the examination. 12. They
supposed (to experiment) in this field for about r and r believed (to
achieve) good results. 13. must (to read) something funny; he is smiling
all the time.
Ex. 129. Use the infinitive in brackets in the appropriate form
1. I suppose you're not going (to be) down here very long? 2. "Now I
must (to go)," said the man, "and you young ladies walk off home." 3. He
ought perhaps (to put) a spoke in the wheel of their marriage. 4. I don't
suppose Mrs. Strickland wants (to bother) with me just now. 5. He was like
a novel that is careful, honest and efficient, yet a little ordinary, so that you
seem (to read) it all before. 6. Steve hadn't been able (to get) hold of Adele
(to tell) her he probably wouldn't be back in time (to have) lunch with
her, but there was nothing (to do) about now. 7. In four months' time he
was (to put) her across his saddle and (to ride) off with her. That's what she
wanted, though she'd never put it in so many words (to rescue). 8. I
haven't been home for five years. I think I'd forgotten it all; I seemed (to
go) away so far from my father's house that I was shy at the idea of
revisiting it. 9. You're a wise young man, very wise (to come) to me in
time. 10. Again Lord Timingham was the last (to leave). 11. She liked him.
She was glad (to go) out with him again; it was something (to look)
forward to. 12. "What on earth, can (to happen) to Tony?" "My dear, he is
not likely (to run) over by a motorbus. 13. The only thing (to do) was keep
one's head. 14. Ever since then I had been playing a part which seemed (to
take) in everybody and most of all myself. 15. As he walked back with
Nick to the Lodge, after Michael's abrupt departure, he had felt extreme
confusion, but had managed all the same (to speak) calmly to Nick and (to
answer) with cheerfulness his questions about their journey.
Functions of the infinitive
Ex. 130. Pay attention to the function of the infinitive
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1. They were so charming with one another, so gay and happy, that really
to stay with them was, well, a spiritual refreshment. 2. "I suppose you
haven't any books with you," he said. "I haven't got a thing to read." 3. His
duty then was to go to the red pillar boxes into which the letters were put,
empty them, and take the contents to the main post-office of the district. 4.
She never wanted to see that room again. 5. To be ignorant that he is a
Forsyte was in the nature of a Forsyte. 6. We have forgotten to inform Mr.
Poirot of that. 7. Once Scarlett saw him and cried sharply: "Go play in the
back yard, Wade Hampton!" but he was too terrified, too fascinated by the
mad scene before him to obey. 8. I think I'm very lucky to have come here,
they are so kind and thoughtful; and the gardens are so beautiful. 9. To face
the worst at id have it over was better. 10. Ever since he said that to me I
have tried to live up to that fine reputation I had made for myself. 11. The
story I am about to tell is a perfectly simple and straightforward one. 12.
He was a medical missionary and he was liable to be called at any time. 13.
George was waiting to be called up. 14. I was anxious to learn what Japp
had come about. 15. To have approved his son's conduct in that clash was
of course impossible. 16. She stood tip to learn the rules of the game that
she must play. 17. To paint was his passion, the very reason of his
existence ... 18. She engaged an Italian woman to teach her the language ...
19. I've come down here for an indefinite time in order to play in the sand.
20. Mona opened her mouth to speak, and then shut it again. 21. I began to
think that in the last twenty four hours he said all he had to say. 22. "If you
have any love for him the least you can do is to try and make him a little
less unhappy." 23. I gave her five shillings yesterday to pay her room rent.
24."... So you see ho knew me pretty well before he knew me at all, so to
speak."
Ex. 131. State the function of the infinitive
1. They heard him go down and they heard Miss Thompson's defiant
"Come in" when he knocked at the door. 2. Merle started to cry again,
walking towards the streets with Dougal. 3. To take money from him was
like robbing a child, and you despised him because he was so foolish. 4....
he and she seemed to possess that vast building by themselves. 5. I do not
think it is necessary to insult Miss Elsa Hard's intelligence by telling her. 6.
He made a supreme effort to break it. 7. To say that I had not resented this
foul deed which seemed to me deserving the title of the crime of the
century, would be pal telling the truth. 8. He wished to give her every
chance. 9. To tell it is to live through it all again. 10. Hers was not a face to
command instant attention or recognition. 11. I've just had a cable from
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Tim to say he's postponed his sailing. 12. To have taken the field openly
against his rival, would have been madness. 13. I'm not running a cafeteria
here, you know, whatever some people seem to think. 14. You're supposed
to play without ceasing. 15. She had seen two men start toward her from
opposite sides. 16. But though danger had been there for some time it was
never likely to get acute. 17. You're all supposed to be intelligent. 18. The
big problems of life seemed to solve themselves. 19. He hadn't expected
Strickland to take him up on the spot and make his preparations to go there
and then.
Ex. 132. Match the beginnings and the ends of the sentences
... to get away.
It was difficult,
... to tell him about my misfortune
It is rather easy,
... to be able to drive a car.
It won't be difficult
... to know that you have true friends It was a treat,
... to be walking here again.
It's rather embarrassing,
... to have met an old chap.
It's very brightening
... to be treated so nicely.
It will be dull,
... to have been told nothing.
It is so nice,
to be losing weight so rapidly
It was so pleasant,
to be looked at.
It was quite unexpected
to be doing nothing,
It seemed incredible
to talk to a really wise man.
It's a pleasure
Ex. 133. Paraphrase the sentences
You have to eat your carrots.
I want ...you to eat your carrots....
I must exercise more often.
I want ...........................................
She has to take her medicine every day. The doctor wants............................
I saw him give you the letter,
I remember ....................................
He has to talk to me politely.
I want ............................................
They mustn't go to bed late.
I don't want....................................
We visited Sue before Christmas.
I remember ....................................
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1
2
3
4
5
6
choose
c) What did your parents let/make you do when you were small?
Ex. 136. Develop the following sentences into situations. Read the
suggested sentences containing the infinitive. Then construct at least
one sentence to specify, prove or refute the given one
Model: Her duty in the family is to wash up. Her duty in the family is
to wash up. So when the dinner is over she cleans the table and washes
dirty dishes, spoons, forks, knives and tea things.
A.
1. Tea was at four and the bread was new and had to be cut 2. She said
she would never hear the reason of this quarrel. 3. You might have changed
your mind about them. 4. Nothing is going to happen. 5. She knew how to
cook, to clean, to shop, and to do all of them pretty well. 6. I decided to
approach the case from a new angle. 7. I fail to realize what you have said.
8. It was impossible to believe that he spent most of his life in the open air.
9. She was trying to remember her own past. 10. To be a gentleman was his
only dream.
Model: I heard her sing. I heard her sing. She was in a fine voice. I
enjoyed her singing very much.
B.
1. She watched him go. She was beet-red. 2. I want that young man to
85
continue reading this passage. 3. She watched the man and boy eat their
sandwiches. 4. He didn't hear the door open behind him. 5. He wanted
everything to be nice and new and clean and comfortable. 6. George liked
everyone to like him. 7.1 saw him turn to Ann and say something. 8. Why
don't you allow the child to go with you? 9.1 heard the birds sing in the
trees. 10. They watched the sun rise.
Model: They turned to each other and seemed to be talking. They
turned to each other and seemed to be talking. The next moment I heard
one of them laugh.
C.
1. Something seemed to be amusing him immensely. 2. Nobody seemed
to have anything further to offer. 3. She appeared to have a natural
generosity of soul. 4. There always seems to be something that keeps us at
home on Sundays. 5. But Wilson still hesitated, and did not seem quite to
know what to do. 6. She seemed quite ready to help us. 7.1 don't know
where Amy is. She seems to have disappeared completely from view. 8. He
seemed to wait to pass by. 9. The mere sound of his voice seemed to irritate
his companions.
Model: What was there for me to say? > What was there for me to
say? I said nothing. I considered the topic exhausted.
D.
1. None of them could wait for the meal to be over. 2. It was easy
enough for him to let it happen. 3. He was now waiting for her to go. 4. It
was difficult for me to say what I wanted to. 5. The plan was for them to
come and take part in our experiments. 6. I waited for Nick to speak. 7. I
have arranged for our group to go to the Museum of Fine Arts. 8. Our
teacher always suggests books for us to read. 9. They watched the crows
waiting for something to happen. 10. I decided that I would wait for them
to come.
. 3. , . 4. ,
. 5. , . 6.
, , , . 7.
, . 8. , ,
. 9. , ,
, . 10. , ,
, . 11. ,
. 12. , . 13.
, - . 14. ,
. 15. , . 16.
, ? 17. ,
(), . 18. , . 19.
, .
Ex. 140. rnslt the following sentences
1. , . 2. ,
? 3. -,
-? 4. , . 5.
, . 6. ,
. 7. , . 8. ,
. 9. , ? 10.
, () ? 11. ,
. 12. ,
. 13. ,
. 14. , . 15. ,
, . 16. ,
. 17. , . 18.
, .
19. . 20. ,
.
. 12. , , .
II.
1. , , . 2. ,
. .
. 4. , . 5.
, , . 6. , ,
. 7. . 8. ,
, . 9. , ,
. 10. ,
. 11. ,
. 12. , , .
Ex. 145. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
1. , . 2. ,
. . ,
. 4.
, . 5.
, . 6. ,
. 7. ,
, . 8. ,
. 9.
. 10.,
.
She searched the house and was lucky enough (7 finding, to find, was
found, find) a camera that took instant pictures. "I'm not capable of (8 take,
to take, taken, taking) my own photograph," she thought. "I will have (9 to
ask, asking, asked, ask) my brother (10 helps, help, to help, helping) me.
"I remember (11 take, taking, to take, taken) your picture once before," her
brother Martin said. "It turned out (12 being, to be, be, was) a disaster. I
advise you (13 tidy up, tidying up, to tidy up, tidied up) your hair. It needs
(14 comb, combing, to comb, combed)." He took the camera and checked
the film. "Maria, we seem (15 to use, using, to have used, being used)
almost all of the film. There's only one photograph left," he said.
"So take the picture and let's get this over with," said Maria. "Then I can
continue filling out the forms."
Ex. 147. Use the correct verb forms. If two answers are possible, put
both
1 Do you remember (meet) her last year?
2 Sorry -I forgot (post) your letters.
3 I regret (not visit) her when she was ill.
4 We discussed the budget and then went on (talk) about sales.
5 Do you want to go on (learn) English?
6 He doesn't allow us (make) personal phone calls.
7 The hospital only allows (visit) at weekends.
8 I like (watch) TV in the evenings.
9 Would you like (spend) the weekend with us?
10Thanks - I'd love (come).
11If nothing else works, try (read) the instructions.
12I'll try (repair) your car tomorrow.
13I saw John (wait) for a bus as I came home.
14I heard you (break) something - what was it?
15I can feel something (crawl) up my leg.
16We'll have to stop (get) petrol.
17He stopped (work) when he was sixty-five.
I regret (tell) you that you have failed your examination
1
2
3
4
5
Ex. 148. Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or the gerund
He has promised to.deliver... (deliver) it to me this afternoon.
I've invited Mark and Anna....................... (stay) for the weekend.
I don't mind............................ (stay) at home to look after the children.
Has she decided........................... (take) that job?
He's always complaining about..................... (work) too hard.
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1. I used to love ......... Santorini so much that I finally bought a house there.
2. He couldn't bear .his mother the truth because he didn't want
to upset her. 3. I'm sorry, I don't remember .you before. 4. I'll have
to go to Belgium by train - I'm afraid of.. 5. You are required
this form before you can start the job. 6. Before you leave,
don't forget ......... the plants. 7. I regret ............. you that your house must be
demolished. 8. If we want to catch the early train, it means .............up early
tomorrow morning. 9. I would prefer........to the cinema for a change - we
always go to the theatre. 10. There's no point ........ ! It was your decision
after all. 11. The explorer escaped from the lion only ................himself
surrounded by savages. 12. As a child, I spent so much time ................... that
people used to call me "the Fish". 13. If you can't get the stain out of your
shirt, you could try.............salt on it. 14. He regretted.............lies to his
parents. 15. Try...........some more pepper to the soup. It might taste better.
16. Please stop ....................! There's a meeting in progress next door. 17. The
thief got into the manager's office by pretending ............a cleaner. 18. You
must complete this exercise without ............. a dictionary. 19. Acid rain is
said...............many trees all over Europe. 20. What do you mean Bob's a
vegetarian? I saw him....................a chicken sandwich only yesterday.
Ex. 153. Change the sentences
e.g. I told John 'I think you should stop smoking', (advise)
I advised John to stop smoking.
1 They said we couldn't look at the house, (didn't allow)
2 I said to Jake, 'Please be more careful.' (ask)
3 She said to me, 'Do try the exam.' (encourage)
4 I think he'll come soon. (expect)
5 1 went away, so he had to solve the problem. (I left...)
6 Was it your idea that I should pay? (Did you mean ...)
7 The captain told the men, 'Attack!' (order)
8 'Don't forget to buy coffee,' I told Sue. (remind)
9 She gave me lessons in cooking. (teach)
10She mustn't tell anybody. (I don't want... )
Ex. 154. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb
1) ............ (order) your own meal in a restaurant may soon be a thing of
the past. In Brussels, at an Italian restaurant, the waiter, Tony, claims to be
able 2.(choose) the right dish for each customer. After 3)..
(work) for many years in Italian restaurants, Tony noticed that different
people prefer certain types of food. "Women appear 4)..
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(like) milder foods and rich, creamy sauces while men seem 5) ...........
(enjoy) spicier foods cooked in olive oil and served with juices from the
meat," he reports. Tony makes his choices by 6).. (chat)
to his customers - but not about their tastes in food. What he does first is
7)............ (find out) what kind of personality the customer has. After 8)
..(serve) an Englishman a salad of red tuna with garlic and parsley,
Tony was happy 9)..(see) that his customer was very satisfied.
One Italian particularly enjoyed 10) (munch) on wild
mushrooms stuffed with Mediterranean anchovies which Tony had served
with black olives, spicy olive oil and lime. Tony spends a lot of time 11)
. (observe) his customers. Once, a young French couple argued
throughout the meal. Tony avoided 12) ..(give) them a sour
dessert. He served them a sweet dessert instead, and after that they couldn't
stay angry with each other. People aren't accustomed 13) ..
(be/served) meals that are not of their own choice, but Tony seems 14)
.(know) exactly what people will like. This restaurant is
certainly worth 15)..(visit).
Ex. 155. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb
Steam trains were replaced by electric ones years ago, so when the
newspaper I work for heard that the "Black Admiral" steam engine had been
restored, they decided 1) ............. (send) me on its first trip. I didn't object to
2)(go) even though I generally dislike 3) ..(travel)
by train. In fact I was looking forward 4)..(see) something I had
never seen before. When I arrived at the station I saw lots of people 5)
..(celebrate) the rebirth of the Admiral, and I was glad 6)
(be) part of the party. At 2 o'clock everyone was ready 7) ..
(board) the train. I settled myself into a compartment where I was soon
joined by an old man who claimed 8).. (be) one of the original
workers on the Admiral. He claimed 9)..(work) for a penny a day,
and told me how much he had hated 10)(be/covered) in coal
dust all the time. His family had been too poor 11)(buy) more
than the basic necessities. It was a sad story, but it was a pleasure 12)
(listen) to him. At every station people were waiting 13)
.(greet) the train, and it was exciting 14) .
(see) the spectators' faces as the past seemed 15)(come)
alive again. If all trains were as appealing as the Black Admiral, I would choose
16)..(travel) by train all the time.
Ex. 156. Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the infinitive
95
Kim: I'll never forget 1) ........ (go) to America for the first time. I was
incredibly excited although I was trying 2) ................ (act) cool and casual.
Tom: I know. I remember 3).................................................................(be)
quite envious because I wanted 4).........................................................(go)
there too.
Kim:
Yes, I know. I was a bit over the top, wasn't I? I'm sorry for
5) ..................... (behave) so badly.
Tom: Yes, you were! You just went on 6)...............................(talk) about
America constantly. It was quite funny though when I think back. You hardly
let me 7)...................................................(say) a word.
Kim: I'm sorry, but you know that in my excitement I nearly left a lot of
things behind like my camera and my money.
Tom: I didn't know you had such a bad memory.
Kim: I'm not usually so forgetful. I had a lot on my mind. Anyway, I don't
remember actually 8) ........................ (leave) anything behind in the end.
Tom: How did you feel when you first arrived there?
Kim: I remember 9)..............(worry) about what to do and whereto go. I
wanted 10)..................... (see) everything but I didn't know where 11)...........
(begin).
Tom: So where did you go first?
Kim: Well, we started in New York. At first, the traffic was so bad that I was
afraid 12) .......................... (cross) the road. But it got easier. I saw the Empire
State Building and the Statue of Liberty and lots of other things. It was
incredible! I love New York.
Ex. 157. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive or the -ing form
Eli Bilston always enjoyed 1) ............ (tell) us about his life, and we
were always afraid 2). (interrupt) him because he had a very hot
temper. He had left school at thirteen, and he had managed to avoid 3)
.(look for) a real job by 4)..(work) for his father in the
family scrapyard. He was supposed 5)(check) the
weight of scrap metal leaving the yard, but he always preferred 6)
(sit) around and 7)..... (make) cups of tea for the
other workers instead. You won't be surprised 8)..(hear) that
eventually Eli's father noticed him 9)..(waste) time 10)..
(do) nothing, and asked him 11).(find) another job. Eli never
regretted 12)..(have) to leave the scrapyard, because his next job was
even easier! He was employed at Dudley Zoo as a nightwatchtnan, where he
found it a pleasure just 13). (sit) and 14)(watch)
the monkeys 15)(play) in their cages. His only duty was 16)
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Ex. 159. Put the verbs into the to-infinitive or the gerund
Helen has been called to the office of her boss, Andrea.
A: Take a seat, Helen. Would you like .................. (have) some coffee?
H: Er, no thank you.
A: I asked............................ (see) you............................. (talk) about your
97
here. I ride sometimes. Would you like (come) with me next time? 2.
Most people prefer (spend) money to (earn) it. 3.I resented (be) unjustly
accused and asked him (apologize). 4. It isn't good for children (eat) too
many sweets. 5.I didn't feel like (work) so I suggested (spend) the day in
the garden. 6. Why do you keep (look) back? Are you afraid of (be)
followed? 7. Do you remember (post) the letter? Yes, I do; I posted it in
the letter-box near my gate. 8. Did you remember (lock) the door? No, I
didn't. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now. 9. You still have a lot (learn) if
you'll forgive my'(say) so. 10. It's no use (try) (interrupt) him. You'll have
(wait) till he stops (talk). 11. I'm for (do) nothing till the police arrive. They
don't like you (move) anything when a crime has been committed. 12. He
didn't like (leave) the children alone in the house but he had no alternative
as he had (go) out to work. 13. I'm very sorry for (be) late. It was good of
you (wait) for me. 14. I keep (try) (make) mayonnaise but I never succeed.
Try (add) the yolk of a hard-boiled egg. 15. Do you feel like (go) to a
film or would you rather (stay) at home? 16. He took to (get up) early and
(walk) noisily about the house. 17.I liked (listen) to folk music much better
than (listen) to pop. 18. The car began (make) an extraordinary noise so I
stopped (see) what it was. 19. You'll never regret (do) a kind action. 20. He
decided (put) broken glass on top of his wall (prevent) boys (climb) over it.
21. He annoyed me very much by (take) the piece of cake that I was
keeping (eat) after my supper. 22. He kept (ring) up and (ask) for an
explanation and she didn't know what (do) about him. 23. We got tired of
(wait) for the weather (clear) and finally decided (set) out in the rain. 24.
He made me (repeat) his instructions (make) sure that I understood what I
was (do) after he had gone. 25. I suggest (leave) the car here and (send) a
breakdown van (tow) it to the garage. 26. She apologized for (borrow) my
sewing-machine without (ask) permission and promised never (do) it
again. 27. I didn't mean (offend) anyone but somehow I succeeded in
(annoy) them all. 28. He never thinks of (get) out of your way; he expects
you (walk) round him. 29. You don't need (ask) his permission every time
you want (leave) the room. 30. The police accused him of (set) fire to the
building but he denied (have been) in the area on the night of the fire. 31.
It's much better (go) to a hairdresser than (try) (save) time by (cut) your
own hair. 32. I'd rather (earn) my living by (scrub) floors than (make)
money by (blackmail) people. 33.I always remember (turn) off all the
lights before I leave my house. 34. I'll never forget (carry) my wife over
the threshold when we moved into our first house. 35.I regret (listen, not)
to my father's advice. He was right. 36. We went for a walk after we
finished (clean) up the kitchen. 37. Sometimes students avoid (look) at the
99
teacher if they don't want (answer) a question. 38. The club members
discussed (postpone) the next meeting until March. 39. Did Carol agree
(go) (camp) with you? 40. The taxi driver refuse (take) a check. He wanted
the passenger (pay) in cash. 41. The soldiers were ordered (stand) at
attention. 42. The travel agent advised us (wait, not) until August. 43.I
don't mind (wait) for you. Go ahead and finish (do) your work. 44. Keep
(talk), I'm listening to you. 45. The children promised (play) more quietly.
They promised (make, not) so much noise. 46. Linda offered (look after)
my cat while I was out of town. 47. You shouldn't put off (pay) your bills.
48. The doctor ordered Mr Gray (smoke, not). 49. Don't tell me his secret. I
prefer (know, not). 50. Could you please stop (whistle)? I'm trying
(concentrate) on my work. 51. Did you remember (turn off) the stove? 52.
Jack was allowed (renew) his student visa. 53. Pat told us (wait, not) for
her. 54. Mr Buck warned his daughter (play, not) with matches. 55. Would
you please remind me (call) Alice tomorrow'? 56. I'm considering (drop)
out of school, (hitchhike) to New York, and (try) (find) a job. 57. Sally
reminded me (ask) you (tell) Bob (remember) (bring) his soccer ball to the
picnic. 58. Alex broke the antique vase. I'm sure he didn't mean (do) it. 59.
Mrs Freeman can't help (worry) about her children. 60.I appreciate your
(take) the time to help me. 61.I can't afford (buy) a new car. 62. Julie
finally admitted (be) responsible for the problem. 63. She keeps (promise)
(visit) us, but she never does. 64.I don't enjoy (laugh) at by other people.
65. I'm angry at him for (tell, not) me the truth. 66. It is easy (fool) by his
lies. 67. Sharon wants us (tell) her the news as soon as we hear anything. If
we find out anything about the problem, she wants (tell) about it
immediately. 68. You must tell me the truth. I insist on (tell) the truth. 69.
Martha doesn't like to have her picture taken. She avoids (photograph). 70.
It's been nice talking to you. I really have enjoyed our conversation, but I
have to leave now. I'm very happy (have) this opportunity to meet you and
talk with you. 71. This letter needs (send) immediately. 72.I thought Sam
was sick. So did I. But he seems (recover) very quickly. He certainly
doesn't seem (be) sick now. 73. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate
(have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country. 74. This year
I am studying abroad. I appreciate (have) this opportunity to live and study
in a foreign country. 75. Mrs Jackson complained about (tell, not) about the
meeting. In the future, she expects (inform) of any and all meetings. 76.
The dog needs (wash). He's been digging in the mud. 77. Alice didn't
expect (ask) to Bill's party. 78. Matthew left without (tell) anyone. 79. It's
useless. Give up. Enough's enough. Don't keep (beat) your head against a
brick wall. 80. His (be, not) able to come is disappointing. 8I. I hope
100
(award) a scholarship for the coming semester. 82. We are very pleased
(accept) your invitation. 83. It is exciting (travel) to faraway places and
(leave) one's daily routine behind. 84. He wants (like) and (trust) by
everyone. 85. I can't help (wonder) why Larry did such a foolish thing. 86.
She admitted (drive) too fast through the town. 87. Mr Carson is very
lucky (choose) by the committee as their representative to the meeting in
Paris. 88. (Live) in a city has certain advantages. 89. It is very kind of you
(take) care of that problem for me. 90. She opened the window (let) in
some fresh air. 91.I don't remember ever (hear) this story before. 92. You
should stop (drive) if you get sleepy. It's dangerous (drive) when you're not
alert. 93. After driving for three hours, we stopped (get) something to eat.
94. Please forgive me for (be, not) here to help you yesterday. 95. Polly
was in the garden, so she didn't hear the phone (ring) 96. The guard
observed a suspicious-looking man (come) into the bank. 97.I was almost
asleep last night when I suddenly heard someone (knock) on the door. 98. I
remember it distinctly. At 5:30 yesterday afternoon, I saw Jim (walk) to his
car, (open) the door, and (get in). 99. I got Mary (lend) me some money so
I could go to a movie last night. 100. The teacher had the class (write) a
2000-word research paper. 101. Susie pretended (be) asleep. She pretended
(hear, not) me when I spoke to her. 102. You seem (be) in a good mood
today. 103. Janice is thinking about (look) for a new job. 104. Dick appears
(have) a lot of money. 105. My father expects me (get) high marks in
school. 106. According to the sign on the restaurant door, all diners are
required (wear) shirts and shoes. 107. I appreciate your (pay) for my
dinner. I'll pay next time. 108. Children shouldn't be allowed (watch)
violent programs on TV. 109. The sign warns you (turn, not) right on a red
light. 110. After hearing the weather report, I advise you (go, not) skiing
this afternoon. 111. Janice misses (take) walks with her father in the
evening now that she has moved away from home.
For notes
101
102
1 Alexander, L G. Longman English Grammar / L G Alexander.
Pearson Education Limited, 2004. 360.
2 , . .
/ . . . .: , 2001. 448 .
3 , . .
: - . . . /
. . . .: , 2004. 432 .
4 Swan, M. Practical English usage / M. Swan. Oxford University
Press, 2008. 654 p.
5 Eastwood, John. Oxford Practice Grammar / John Eastwood.
Oxford University Press, 1999. 441 p.
6 Walker, Elaine. Grammar Practice for Upper-Intermediate Students /
Elaine Walker, S. Elsworth. Pearson Education Limited, 2001. 209 p.
7 All About the Verbals. :
/ .: .. [ .]. . :
, 2004. 160 .
103
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