8A109LXPA0007

BTS Informatique de gestion
1re anne
Lesley Stewart
Anglais
Lexique, transcriptions et informations
Directrice de publication : Valrie Brard-Trigo

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8 A109 LX PA 00 07 som.indd 1
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Presenting companies, department and jobs
Sommaire
Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire
04
Unit 1 : Presenting companies, departments and jobs
05
Lexique
05
Transcriptions
09
Unit 2 : IT evolution: problems and solutions
13
Lexique
13
Transcriptions
17
Unit 3 : Intra & inter...net
21
Lexique
21
Transcriptions
26
Unit 4 : Security, security, security
29
Lexique
29
Transcriptions
34
Unit 5 : Storage and outsourcing
39
Lexique
39
Transcriptions
44
Unit 6 : Software and sales
49
Lexique
49
Transcriptions
53
Info files
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Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire

Essayez de toujours comprendre le vocabulaire dans son contexte. Faites si possible votre
propre rpertoire de vocabulaire, et groupez les mots par thme. Inventez des phrases
types pour retrouver ces mots / expressions dans des contextes logiques et personnaliss.
Indiquez sil sagit dun verbe, dun nom, dun adjectif, etc. Pour les noms, les adjectifs et
les adverbes, cherchez et notez les formes irrgulires et les antonymes (sils existent !).
Exemple pour le thme transport
bus
bus (n)
coach
car (n)
car
voiture (n)
to drive (v) a car
conduire une voiture
old (adj)
ancien
new (adj)
neuf
driver (n)
conducteur
petrol (n)
essence
pass (n)
abonnement / billet (hebdomadaire / mensuel / annuel etc.)
A very old / new (adj) car.
une voiture trs ancienne / neuve.
Petrol is very expensive today.
lessence est trs chre aujourdhui.
Yearly underground pass.
un abonnement annuel de mtro.
8 A109 LX PA 00
27/09/07 17:23:57
Unit 1
Presenting companies,
departments and jobs
Lexique
A
abroad
agree (with)
anti-lock braking system
apologise (for)
apply (for)
approve (of)
as a result
ask (for)
average
aware (of)
ltranger
tre daccord (avec)
ABS (automobile)
sexcuser
postuler () / poser une candidature (pour)
approuver
en consquence
demander
moyen(ne)
tre conscient (de)
B
become
belong (to)
boost
brand name
broken down
business trips
devenir
appartenir ()
propulser / hausser / faire remonter en flche
marque
tomb(e) en panne
voyages daffaires
C
cheap
check
commonly
company
computer
conduct
confer (with)
consumer
convenient
country
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pas cher
vrifier
couramment / frquemment
entreprise
ordinateur
mener / diriger
confrer / accorder ()
consommateur
pratique / commode
pays
27/09/07 17:26:30
Unit 1
D
deadline
delay
department
depend (on)
digital
discrepancy
dust
duties
date butoir / limite

retard
service
dpendre (de)
numrique
divergence / contradiction / dcalage / diffrence
poussire
devoirs / tches / besognes
E
easy going
entertainement
expenses
expensive
complaisant
divertissement
des frais
cher(e) / coteux
F
factory
found
founder
fall behind
focus (on)
forefront
usine
crer / fonder ( une socit)
crateur / fondateur (pour une socit)
tre la trane / se laisser distancer
se concentrer sur
la pointe de
G
goals
a great deal (of)
green light
growth
buts
beaucoup (de)
feu vert
dveloppement / croissance / expansion
H
handle
hardly ever
household name
soccuper de quelque chose

presque jamais
marque trs connue
I
in addiction (to)
increase
issue
en plus (de)
monter / accrotre / augmenter
problme / question
J
job interview
entretien pour un travail
K
keep
keyboard
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garder
clavier
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27/09/07 17:26:30
Presenting companies, departments and jobs
L
laptop
launch
link
lions share
long-range
ordinateur portable
lancer (une socit, une opration)
lien
la part du lion
long terme
M
main
maintain
management
manufacture
means of transport
meeting
metal housing
mistake
most of the time
principal
garder
la direction (dune entreprise)
fabriquer
moyen(s) de transport
runion
botier mtallique
erreur
la plupart du temps
N
needs
network
never
besoins
rseau
jamais
O
often
on land
on water
oversee
overtime
own
souvent
sur terre
sur leau
superviser
heures supplmentaires
possder
P
patent
proficient
provide
brevet
comptent
fournir
R
rank
rate
relationships
rely (on)
remain
remotely
replicated
requirements
resign (from)
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classer
vitesse / rythme / taux
rapports
compter sur qqn / qqe chose
rester / continuer
distance
reproduit
besoins
donner sa dmission (de)
27/09/07 17:26:31
Unit 1
rising
running
qui monte
qui fonctionne
S
sensitive
several
share (v)
shares (n)
size
skill
smoothly
sometimes
speed
staff
star
stay abreast (of)
stem (from)
stock exchange
sub-contractor
subsidiaries
succeed (in doing)
suppliers
sensible
plusieurs
partager
des actions / parts dune socit
taille
comptence
sans -coups
des fois
vitesse
personnel
toile
rester la hauteur de
provenir (de) / dcouler (de) / dnuer (de)
la Bourse
sous-traitant
filiales
russir ( faire)
fournisseurs
T
thanks to
tight budget
tightly
timeframes
trade union
trading
turnover
grce
budget serr
troitement
dlais
syndicat
opration commerciale / transaction
chiffre daffaires
U
usually
dhabitude
W
working hours
worldwide
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horaires de travail
mondial(e)
8 A109 LX PA 00
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LISTENING 1
Presenting and IS department
D
02
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
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Could you tell me a little about the way your IS department is organised?
OK. Ill try. Our organisation is really split into 2 dimensions. One is linked to
geographical regions, and the other is linked to the technology we cover. From
a geographical point of view, were organised like most large companies.
There are 3 main geographical regions; Europe, the Americas and the Greater
Asia Region. There are sub-divisions within these regions. The European sector
for example is sub-divided into 4 areas, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North
Europe and the Mediterranean.
Okay. Like you say, its a fairly traditional organisation. What about the technical
dimension?
From the technological point of view ... well, Im not very familiar with the way
specic applications are handled, because Im part of the global infrastructure
team. This team is broken down into 3 or 4 areas, ( as sometimes 2 areas are
mixed together).
Generally speaking, there is the Work Station and Help Desk Area, the Server
Area and the Telecom Area. . And these areas are broken down again into
different specialised units.
Okay so far. . Perhaps you could describe one of these areas in a little more
detail.
Ehm If I focus on the way the telecom area is organised, for example. .
There are 4 specialised units. The data network, thats your personal computer
with internet access, connection to one or more serverseh .well connection
to whatever device there is on the network. We also have the voice network,
everything thats related to voice. The voice area includes, of course, the phone
system but also what we call the conference call bridge, mobile... mobile phones,
and also the link with videoconferencing and IP phones.
Sorry Whats the difference between conference call bridges and
videoconferencing?
Well, Conference Call Bridge is audio only. . There can be a certain number of
participants together in the same virtual room, and everyone can speak at the
same timewell, hopefully not everyone at the same time.
Yes, it could get really confusing.
Yeah, but usually its OK. We are really used to doing this as we spend a lot of
time in meetings, and when I say meetings, most of the time I mean virtual ones.
Its cost saving. So, for this we use tools like conference call bridges; either inhouse devices which we manage ourselves or tools we buy outside... sometimes
we buy the service outside. Eh, Ive spoken about the Data Network and the
Voice Network, there is also the External Access Network. This is the core LAN
network with connection to the outside world. Our users, whether they are in the
27/09/07 17:26:31
Unit 1
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
10
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eld or at home, need to connect remotely with the company for information
or to access e-mails, etc. So, for this there are special devices and services.
When you say users, do you mean customers?
No, I mean employees, for example eld engineers. This external access area
also covers communication with our partners. Third parties which need to be
connected to the company network, for example, the payroll system, which isnt
in-house. It needs to be connected up to the company network. This is part of the
external access area because it has to pass through rewalls and there is a high
level of security and checks. Some people in the department are specialised in this
area. The 4th area of telecom is monitoring. Monitoring is fairly self-explanatory.
Thats how we keep a check on all the systems we are responsible for, everything
that keeps a check on the health of our network. So there you have it; Voice
Network, Data Network, External Access and Monitoring. We are organised in
such a way that this multi-dimensional organisation is replicated at all levels.
What I mean is that there is one person globally responsible for each network,
Voice, Data, etc., but there is also someone responsible for each network in every
region. In that way we can assure that the same type of service or request is dealt
with identically in each region and that there are no discrepancies.
For example in the External Access Area where we use rewalls, there is special
hardware and software and its important that we are using the same equipment
worldwide. This is possible because there is one person with worldwide
responsibility in this area, as well as one for each geographical region and the
message is the same for everyone. Its really a top-down approach to retain
consistency throughout.
Here, in Europe, we have very few IS specialists in each country. For example, I
have no telecom people in the other countries that Im responsible for.
Right. Does that mean you send specialists from this department to install new
systems or solve a problem which has to be dealt with in another country?
No, no. Network is something that we can cope with remotely in all cases.
Even the hardware?
Yes, even the hardware. We have suppliers who can go on-site to solve a problem
in an emergency. If the problem is not urgent then we can send devices from
here and the people over there, the rst level support, just screw it in. They
know how to patch. We trust them and theyre doing a good job. We rely on
them.
Eh.., I think Ive covered just about everything, eh thats basically how our IS
Department is organised.
Great. Thanks very much for the explanation. .
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LISTENING 2
An IS managers typical day
D
03
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Perhaps I could ask you some questions about your job and your daily routine?
Yes, of course. What would you like to know?
Perhaps we could start with a description of your typical day.
A typical day! Well eh thats quite difcult as no two days are alike, and it
also depends on the day of the week. But there is a general pattern to my time.
Between 30 and 50% of my time is spent in meetings.
Operational meetings?
Different kinds of meetings really. Yes, there are operational meetings. First of all
here in the department just to see where we are at, if there any problems, or if
there are any urgent needs to deal with .. for example; insufcient resources. I
hold these meetings every week, and they last for about 2 hours.
Do they follow a set pattern?
Yes, they are all fairly structured. First, I update my team on any general news
Interviewer:
IS manager:
this can be organisational announcements or a new project coming up. Then,

each person on the team presents a document to show where they stand on their
projects, so that everyone is aware of each others work. Thats very important.
That way, if there are any outside queries, each member of the team can answer
them, even though there is only one person responsible for each project.
Any other operational meetings?
Yes every 2 weeks I organise an operations meeting with my European team,
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Im the domain manager for the network in general, but Im also the European
specialist for all remote access and rewall issues.
And management meetings?
Every week there is a European Telecom Managers meeting. This is the European
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
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meeting held with my colleagues from the UK and Germany.

Ah...So you get to travel a little as well...
I wish! Getting out of the ofce once in a while would be a good break. No, Im
afraid everyone stays in their ofces. We use a web meeting and conferencing
system. Groupware, you know; IP phones, white boards and a secure collaborative
working environment. That way we can share the same documents online,
in real time. This means one person is updating the document and we are all
following the same presentation. Web meetings are our most common means of
communication. Its really one of our key tools. Thats about it as far as meetings
go .... Oh, I almost forgot .. I also have to organise monthly one to one
meetings because Im responsible for resource management. That is, looking
after employees careers and training.
A lot of meetings!
Yeah, like I said meetings eat up a lot of my time!
Okay, what about hours, when do you start work in the morning?
11
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Unit 1
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
Interviewer:
IS manager:
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Generally, I connect up to the network from home before leaving for work at
about 7:15am just to make sure everythings running smoothly. For example,
this morning, there was a virus attack published during the night. Our American
colleagues were not aware of it, because of course its still night-time over there.
So, I immediately alerted the person in charge of Europe and sent a copy to the
security manager in Peru and then sent a message to all our users telling
them not to touch it if it came through to them. During the day theyve been
doing an update of all the virus denitions.
What else have you been doing today?
EhIve been doing an update on the telecom budget review for international
costs. Ive also had a meeting with everyone in my team about an operating
problem we had earlier in the week. This problem was not handled as I would
have liked so I wanted to get everybody on board, to see what happened, why
it happened and to make sure this type of problem is addressed correctly in the
future. What else ... one call about presenting a special internet access project for
next year. Its being presented this afternoon in order to get the green light to go
ahead to the next step of the project, which is the funding. Thats about it really
for today, except dealing with mails
I suppose you have a lot of emails to deal with in a day?
Emails yes, hmm ... around about 50 a day. Today, there have been some about
invoicing, some about funding, a few minor problems to deal with, as well as
contact with our users. There is one from Brazil I have had to deal with quickly.
A member of staff is leaving the company over there and when that happens
we have to react quickly to make sure that all access is shut down OK,
several about the budgets. Ah yes one dealing with an outage problem on
the main line with Poland. When the line goes down, a back up line kicks in and
stops any disruption in the service, so that the user can carry on working. But in
this case there was full site isolation at one point and so now we have to check
everything to eliminate each line to see where the problem stems from. That
takes some time, of course. Thats what Ive been doing so far todayand the
days not over yet As you can see, its pretty varied.
Very! But interesting I suppose?
Yes, its never boring.
Thanks a lot for taking the time to answer my questions.
No problem.
8 A109 LX PA 00
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Unit 2
IT evolution : problems and solutions

Lexique
A
aim
viser (verbe) / le but (nom)
allocated
allou
allowed
permis
amounts
montant
alike
de la mme faon (ici)
anywhere
nimporte o
arrival
arrive
attach
joindre
available
disponible
B
backing
rentoilage (ici)
bin
poubelle (nom)
bin / binnig (v)
mettre la poubelle
bosses
les patrons / chefs
broadband
ADSL / haut dbit
bring together
rassembler
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cardboard / cardboard boxes
le carton / botes en carton
case
botier
cater for
pourvoir / satisfaire
cheaper
moins cher
commonplace
banal / commun / ordinaire
comply with
respecter
core
central / noyau
cost
cot
cost-effective
rentable / bon rapport cot - performance
covering strip
bande de protection
13
27/09/07 17:27:35
Unit 2
D
delivery times
dlais de livraison
desktops
ordinateurs de bureau
drawing board
planche dessin industriel
E
ease
enable
end up
endless
erase
even
eventually
facilit
permettre
nir par devenir
sans n / inni
supprimer
mme
nalement
F
eld engineer
ingnieur sur le terrain
le
chier
folder
dossier
fortunately / unfortunately
heureusement / malheureusement
fulll
excuter / raliser
G
get rid of
se dbarrasser (de)
H
hanger
attache / cintre
heavy
lourd
highly
extrmement
hire
embaucher (ici)
hook
crochet
hook up
accrocher
however
cependant
hub
centre / moyeu / concentrateur
huge
norme
I
in hand
en main
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joint connectors
raccords
jump
sauter
8 A109 LX PA 00
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IT evolution: problems and solutions
L
latest
le plus rcent
leap
bond
leastways
du moins / ou plutt
load
charger
M
mainframes
gros ordinateurs / units centrales
N
nails
clous
nightmare
cauchemar
O
once
une fois
order (n v)
commande / commander
outside
lextrieur (de)
overall
global(e)
P
path
chemin
pleased
content(e)
prevent
empcher
prove (oneself)
faire ses preuves (ici)
purchasing
achats
R
realise
se rendre compte
recover / recovery
rcuprer / rcupration
reluctant
rticent
remote
distant(e)
requisite
requis / ncessaire
restricted
limit(e) / restreint(e)
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safely / safer
en scurit / plus sr
screwdriver
tournevis
send
envoyer
15
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Unit 2
skill(s)
comptence(s)
slot
emplacement / fente
slow
lent(e)
sockets
prises femelles
(it) sounds obvious
(cel) semble vident(e)
sparingly
avec modration
steps
tapes (ici)
T
tack
clou (petit) / broquette
targeted
vis(e)
theft
vol
town
ville
training
formation
turning point
un tournant / un moment dcisif
U
unplugged
dbranch
user-friendly
facile utiliser
user
utilisateur
16
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whether
si
whole
entier
wireless
sans l
without
sans
wizard
aides dinstallation (ici)
worry
inquitude / souci / sinquieter (v)
8 A109 LX PA 00
27/09/07 17:27:36
LISTENING 1
A problem and its solution
D
05
A:
B:
Weve had a couple of security problems recently, nothing too drastic but
worrying nonetheless. And you?
Well, recently there was quite a bit of worry over the rising number of laptop
thefts. A lot of our managers use them especially when visiting customers. The
whole point of them having laptops is that they can travel anywhere and still
have a record of all the customers detailed information to hand. Travelling, of
course, increases the risk of theft. We were worried about all the condential
customer information on the hard disk. Our managers believed that when they
put les in the bin, that was that, they had eradicated all sensitive data. But,
naturally, as you well know all data can be recovered from a hard disk, so binning
les was hardly great security for our customers.
A:
B:
How did you deal with the problem?

We started looking for software that would completely erase sensitive les from
a hard disk, with no possible chance of recovery. There were various options on
the market but we had a set of criteria to comply with, which meant our choices
were limited. First of all, it had to be inexpensive. Also, we needed something
easy to install and most importantly, it had to be easy to use as our managers are
not computer whiz kids.
A:
B:
Not an easy task, I know. Did you nd the software you were looking for?
Initially we found a couple of good pieces of software that were interesting;
leastways they did the job we required of them. However, the software came
with various other applications we didnt need, and these were complicated
for our users. Another negative aspect was that we would have had to buy the
whole package and it ended up being quite expensive. Eventually, it took a
while; but we came across what was for us, the perfect piece of software for
the job in hand. Wed scanned the internet and came up with eraser. Specic
software for getting rid of sensitive les and leaving no thief, hacker or whoever
the possibility of recovering any of the data. It is very simple to use, one of our
criteria, it was free, another good point, and it did only the job we required - and
it did it very efciently, I might add. Its even referenced by NASA and the FBI,
for example. It uses the Guttmann algorithm which basically writes and rewrites
a series of specic data several times over the data to be destroyed.
The beauty of this software is that being GNU software you can personalise it
and adapt it to your specic needs. For example, in its standard form you can
choose to overwrite four, seven or thirty-two times. The time it takes to erase
is quite long so we chose seven times. You can program it to erase at periodic
intervals every time you start up the laptop for example. We programmed
it to erase the bin contents everyday at 5pm. Of course, we then realised that
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Unit 2
A:
B:
LISTENING 2
emptying the contents of the bin automatically could cause problems if some
les were put in the bin by accident. So we created a second bin just for sensitive
documents.
It sounds like a suitable solution for your problem.
Yes, were so pleased with this product that were soon going to install it on all
our desktops.
A companys IT evolution
D
06
A:
B:
A:
B:
How has your company kept up with changes in Information Technology?

A few years ago communication was not as easy as it is today. We work as a virtual
organisation; that is a lot of employees are not in the same building, town or even
country as their bosses. In my case, my two bosses are in other countries. So, we use
networking, database software and groupware. We couldnt work today without
all these tools.
This wasnt always the case, was it?
No it wasnt. In the past our IS base was run by big mainframes which took up a
lot of space and were very slow and heavy to run. We only had text-based e-mail
which was used sparingly as it was not at all user-friendly and the mail system took
a very long time if you wanted to attach a le for example. It was a real nightmare.
In fact it was easier by phone, but of course you couldnt send les by phone. The
phone was also very expensive. At the time we had the national phone company
running our telephone system. Today we have an in-house system, which is much
cheaper to operate. For remote access we used dial-up modems. As these were
analogue modems they had very slow performance rates. We had very basic servers
and no printers, because again the cost was too high. Internet access was highly
restricted for the same reasons.
A:
B:
What was the biggest problem at the time?

The main problem we had in the past was that each country had its own system
running individually. Each database was local, so communication between countries
was laborious and costly. There was no centralised system like we have today. Even
the use of laptops is quite recent as they were too expensive in the past for the
eld engineers to have.
A:
B:
Was there a rapid change over to newer systems?

No, the progression was a gradual one to todays networking. In the UK they had
installed a central system using SAP or S.A.P. and so the decision was taken for each
country to hook up to the same one. It took a considerable amount of time for each
country to change, but it made an enormous difference to communication. Using
SAP meant that each country could no longer have its own autonomous system but
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A:
B:
A:
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8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq2.indd 19
had to change to the same system; the same servers, same everything in fact.
This major leap, called ERP, enterprise resource planning to give it its full name,
brought our company together virtually and enabled us to create our global
infrastructure. Its a software solution addressing company needs in order to meet
organisational goals while tightly integrating all the functions of a company. It
facilitates company-wide integrated information systems, performs core corporate
activities and increases customer service. It integrates databases, applications,
interfaces, tools, etc. For example, it can automate the different steps along the
path to fullling a customer order . And this can be from the point of view of the
production department, nancial department, or for delivery times, etc.
What were the main benets?
This standardisation of systems meant that they were easier to maintain. It was
a turning point in the way the company interacted internally and how we were
organised. As an organisation we never jump on the latest technology as soon as its
on the market. We wait until it has had a chance to prove itself, to mature, before
deciding whether to adopt it or not. Its safer that way and more cost effective.
Yeah as in most cases, better to rely on tried and tested products.
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Unit 3
Intra & inter...net

Lexique
A
'a whole different ball game'
expression : compltement diffrent
according to
selon
ads
la pub / annonce / rclame (n)
advertising
publicit
amazing
tonnant(e)
annoying
nervant(e) / agaant(e)
answers
rponses
awful
affreux / atroce
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backlink (inlink, inward link etc...)
lien retour
balance (n)
quilibre
bandwidth
bande passante
barely
peine
batch
un lot
benchmark
une base ou une rfrence (ici)
benet
proter
the best
le / la meilleur(e)
between
entre
bid (v, n)
faire une offre / enchrir / une enchre
billion
milliard
'bite the wax tadpole'
phrase qui na pas de sens, littralement : mordre le

ttard en cire
boast
se vanter
breakneck
casse-cou
browse
surfer (Internet)
building
construction
bullet list
liste points / puces
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Unit 3
C
claim
revendiquer
clues
indices
clustering
regroupement / clustrisation
comic-style
style bande dessine
compete
rivaliser / faire concurrence
counterpart
homologue
crawler-based
les rsultats sont lists selon le nombre de fois o le

mot recherch apparat sur une page
crazy
dingue
current
actuel
D
dash hopes
anantir les espoirs (ici)
deployed
dploy(e)
differ (from)
se distinguer / tre diffrent (de)
disgruntled
mcontent(e)
drawbacks
dsavantages
driving down
poussant vers le bas
E
emphasise
insister sur / souligner
expectations
attentes
expense
cot
F
faithful
loyal(e)
fall (v)(n)
tomber / (nom) chute
famous
clbre
fashionable
en vogue / la mode
favourites
prfrs
be fed up (with)
en avoir assez (de)
feed
nourrir
gures
chiffres
rm
socit
ashing
tincelant / scintillant
forge ahead
prendre de lavance / foncer
fortunes
les richesses / les fortunes
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gather
rassembler / ramasser
global stage
la scne mondiale
growth
croissance
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Intra and inter...net
H
harm
faire du mal
headline
gros titre
headlong
tte baisse / se prcipiter
hidden
cach(e)
highlight
souligner
highways
voies publiques / grandes routes
I
impressive
impressionnant(e)
improve
amliorer
inbound link
cf backlink
included
inclus / compris
increase
augmenter / saccrotre
incur
encourir
K
'keep your eye on the ball'
expression : tre sur le qui-vive
'keep up with the Joneses'
expression : faire aussi bien, voire mieux,

que les voisins
L
lack
manque
lag behind
tre la trane / avoir du retard / tre en retard sur
landscape
paysage
law
la loi
layout
mise en page
lengths
longueurs
likely
probable
(be) like-minded
(tre) du mme avis / (avoir) des ides similaires
link-rich
possder beaucoup de liens
lowering
baissant (ici)
M
manly
viril
means
moyens
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name
appeler / nommer
newspaper
le journal
nowhere
nulle part
23
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Unit 3
O
'on the other hand'
expression : dun / (l autre) ct
on-line
en ligne
one-upmanship
art de faire mieux que les autres
outlay
mise de fonds / dpense
outsider
quelquun dextrieur / tranger quelque chose
outweigh
dpasser / emporter sur
overcrowded
surpeupl / trop dense
P
pathnders
qui cherche des voies / liens
portal
portail (porte vers plusieurs services sur Internet)
postage
timbrage
pros and cons
le pour et le contre
pursue
poursuivre
Q
query
question
R
rate
taux
reached
atteint
reap
rcolter
remember
se souvenir
remind
rappeler
retrieve
rcuprer
rise
monter
rules
rgles
24
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sales
ventes (ici)
savings
conomies
scant
maigre / gure / trs peu
scheme
systme / plan
search (v,n)
chercher / rechercher / recherche
shoot ahead
passer loin devant
sieve / sift
dgager (ici)
slang
argot
solve
rsoudre
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sounding
qui sonne
soundness
justesse
sparingly
avec parcimonie
spend
dpenser
spider
araigne
sub-heading
sous-titre
subscriber
abonn
sustained
soutenu
T
therefore
par consquence
thoroughly
compltement / entirement
throw
jeter
tiny
minuscule
to date
ce jour
to leave someone standing
expression : laisser quelquun loin derrire
tool
outil
topic
sujet
trust
conance
truth
la vrit
U
upgrade
mettre jour / acheter la nouvelle version
unlimited
sans limite
unwise
pas sage
useful
utile
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wade (through)
venir bout / schiner
war
guerre
ware
marchandise / produit
way ahead
loin devant
well-known
bien connu(e)
within
lintrieur(e)
workplace
lieu de travail
worth
vaut
25
27/09/07 17:29:28
Unit 3
LISTENING 1
Search engines
D
09
A:
Isnt it amazing! All those search engines we all used to use not so many years
ago and now all we ever hear about is Google!
B:
A:
Yes, its Google mania. As a household name theyre more well-known today
than Microsoft. Its even become a verb to google, meaning to do a web
search.
Right. So what happened to, you know, Ask Jeeves, AltaVista, Lycos and so on?
How come Google shot ahead of all the others? They seem to have come from
nowhere fast.
B:
A:
Well, the others are all still around and working well. AltaVista was one of the
rst comprehensive internet search engines created by Digital back in 94. They
called it the rst super spider software. It was a crawler-based search engine.
That is; it listed results according to the number of times search words appeared
on a page. Lycos, which was even earlier than AltaVista, was the same but
much more limited. Then in 97 there began a series of search-engine size wars,
mainly started by AltaVista and INKOTOMI. They were in erce competition,
each claiming to have the greatest number of documents or web pages. In the
nineties, the guys who created Google realised that results would be quicker if
a search engine looked at the relationships between different websites. Their
system calculated the website importance by counting the inbound links or
back-links. They decided to test this theory by creating a search engine which
ranked websites by the pages which had the most links.
You mean that where there were the most links it was because those pages
were the most relevant to a search?
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Exactly. Googles strength is getting results from simple 1 or 2 word queries

because of these relevance techniques. People were also really attracted to the
simplicity of Googles design. After all, we were all getting thoroughly fed up
with complicated overcrowded websites that were difcult to sieve through.
Finding the information you actually wanted was difcult. Google also put a
stop to annoying pop-up ads on their site.
Oh, I know. They used to drive me crazy. Search engine size wars are still going
on. I read that Google made a benchmark of 500 million documents back in
millennium year, and left all the others standing.
Yes. There was continual one-upmanship for many years with different search
engines pushing the gures from the millions into the billions. By 2004 Google
was up to a record-setting 8 billion.
Wow. I must admit thats pretty impressive. So, is it just the amount of web
pages a search engine nds that makes it the biggest and the best?
A lot of people think so, but the ideal search engine doesnt exist, even if people
do have their own favourites. As I said earlier Google is excellent at obtaining
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A:
B:
A:
B:
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good answers with scant clues, but it usually feeds you still images, whereas FAST
(now part of YAHOO), is much better at using and understanding language to
personalise the individuals request and is great for sound, music and video.
So, it depends on what youre looking for. The kind of browsing I do is very
work-focused, and therefore quite detailed. I dont usually need to wade
through the hundreds and thousands of pages that search engines throw up.
Well, now there is a whole new batch of search engines like ask.com which
use the subject-specic-popularity technology developed by TEOMA. Some
are relatively small but they locate specic groups of like-minded experts and
enthusiasts. They nd link-rich pathnders for you. Some have no index of their
own. These are meta-search engines that send out your query to other search
engines and will sift the information to give you the best results. This is called
clustering and it organises the results pages into different subjects. There is also
Daypop which gets information from web-logs or online diaries. As blogers are
enthusiasts on a given subject theyll hopefully provide you with better links.
In that case, I guess big is not necessarily best!
Thats right. Those huge search engines we talked about, knowing they needed
to stay on the ball, transformed themselves into portals offering a variety of
services and thereby kept their customers faithful. Search engines are reaching
out further and constantly changing the way we use the web.
27
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Unit 3
LISTENING 2
Ins and Outs of CAT (computer assisted translation)
D
10
Speaker:
Okay, now Id like to talk to you about another interesting subject - Computer Assisted
Translation, or CAT as its commonly termed. CAT comes in a wide variety of forms,
from the simple spell-checker program to the full-text search tools (also known as
full-text indexers). There are 2 main categories of CAT:
MT (Machine Translation) and TM (Translation Memory).
MT, where the machine actually does the translation for you, has been around for
many years. Unfortunately, customer expectations are often dashed when using it, and
trying to measure quality is a complex business for mono-linguists. Many companies
have used this type of translation software when trying to reach out to a wider
audience, for example through advertising slogans. MT analyses a text and rewrites it
according to a programmed set of linguistic rules. Naturally, as it is a machine doing
the translating, it is fairly rigid and lacks imagination. It is also limited by the grammar
and vocabulary content thats fed in to it, in the target language. As a result, some
users of MT software have suffered terrible experiences of mistranslation.
Through bad translation, advertising slogans for some multi-nationals were ridiculous
or even offensive in certain countries. One well-known soft drink company, when
naming its product for the Chinese market, came up with a similar sounding Chinese
word. The word they chose in Chinese meant bite the wax tadpole. This was not the
attractive, tempting name they were looking for. Another example was a famous car
manufacturer selling to the Brazilian market. They discovered the name chosen for
their car meant tiny male genitals in Brazilian slang. This was a catastrophe for the
manly marketing image they wanted for the car. This turned out to be an expensive
mistake as changing the names on all the cars cost the company a great deal of
money.
Valuable tools in common use, such as dictionaries and spell-checker programs, also
fall into this category. Verifying the soundness of the translation remains the major
problem with all these programs when used by a mono-linguist. We still have a long
way to go before MT is entirely capable of taking over from humans.
TM, on the other hand, is a whole different ball game. This type of software helps
the translator and not the other way round. The human works on the translation
and is aided by the program. These tools consist of a database of text segments in
a source language, and their translations into one or more target languages. In its
memory, TM is also capable of remembering and then reminding the translator of
how they translated similar sentences, phrases or even whole texts in the past. This
can be especially useful for the translation of technical manuals and other repetitive
texts. It memorises usage patterns and can be used in a helpdesk capacity. These TM
tools are constantly being updated and improved and many large companies use
them to build their multi-lingual websites and write instruction manuals, reducing
translation costs and saving considerable time.
Right now, any questions so far? Yes, the young lady on the right.
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Unit 4
Security, security, security

Lexique
A
access
accs
accounts
les comptes
additional
supplmentaire / de plus
address book
carnet dadresses
adware
publiciel
aerial
antenne
afford
avoir les moyens de
agenda
ordre du jour
agree (with)
tre daccord (avec)
almost
presque
arise
se prsenter / se poser (ici un problme)
armchair
fauteuil
authentication
authentication
awaiting
en attente (de)
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back door
porte derobe
back-up
sauvegarde
bet
pari
believe
croire
blackmail
chantage
blind alley
(guratif) voie de garage
bogus
faux
botnet
un rseau dordinateurs zombie pour faire

des envois en masse de mailings
brain
cerveau
break-through
perce
buy
acheter
bypass
contourner / viter / se passer de
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Unit 4
C
call
appeler
capture
capturer
catch
attraper
channel
canaliser (ici)
coat hanger
porte-manteau
coffee tin
bote caf
computer-savvy
avoir des connaissances en informatique
computer speak
le langage des ordinateurs / jargon informatique
contest
concours / lutte / combat
cope with
venir bout de / faire face / affronter
copyright
droit dauteur
country
pays
crack
dchiffrer
D
destroy
dtruire
discreetly
discrtement
discuss
parler de
doubly
doublement
E
earlier
plus tt
earth
(lctricit) mettre la masse / la terre
eavesdrop (on a conversation)
couter aux portes / couter une conversation prive
encoding / encrypting
mettre en code
enough
assez
entirely
entirement
escalate
sintensier / monter en che
exhilarating
grisant / exaltant
F
false
faux
ngerprint
empreinte digitale
shing
la pche
owerpot
pot de eurs
foolproof
infaillible
forge
contrefaire / falsier
G
games
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jeux
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genuine
authentique / vrai
get a kick out of (doing something)
expression : prendre son pied ( faire quelque chose)
get back
revenir
H
harmless
inoffensif / innocent
health
sant
hence
donc / par consquent / do
hunt (n, v)
chasse / chasser
I
implementation
mise en oeuvre
in earnest
srieusement
inevitably
invitablement
inside
lintrieur
invoice
facture
item
article / question / point (ici)
J
join in
participer / se mettre de la partie
K
keep
garder
keylogger
enregistreur de frappe (espion ou non)
keys
touches (ici)
knock over
renverser
knowledge
connaissance
L
lay off
licencier
leave
laisser (ici)
(lead, led, led)
mener
legitimate
lgitime
link
lien
lone standing
individuel et seul
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mailshot
mailing / publipostage
manage (to)
russir
master
matre
mess
pagaille
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Unit 4
money
de largent
N
neighbour
voisin
O
opponent
adversaire
otherwise
autrement / sinon
ourselves
nous-mmes
outline
brosser un tableau dans les grandes lignes
P
password
mot de passe
pavement
trottoir
pit your brain against
se mesurer intellectuellement
places
lieux
plenty (of time)
assez (de temps) (ici)
point out
faire remarquer
proposal
proposition
proxy
par procuration
purpose
but / objet / raison
put forward
proposer / mettre
R
recipes
recettes (de cuisine)
record companies
maisons de disques
recording
enregistrement
report
rapport / compte-rendu
request
demande / requte
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save
sauvegarder
scramble
brouiller
screen
cran
selling
vendre
share
partager
short
court
shutdown
arrter / fermer (un systme etc...)
side-track
router / driver
sister
soeur
(the) slightest
(le) moindre
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small fry
menu fretin
snoop
fureter discrtement
spamming
envoi massif de couriers lctroniques
spend
dpenser (argent) / passer (temps)
spyware
logiciel espion
star-shaped
en forme dtoile
stay / keep ahead
garder une avance sur les autres
steal
voler (drober)
street
rue
stroll
ner
stuff (uncountable !)
choses / trucs
stymie
coincer / mettre dans limpasse
suburban
de banlieue
suchlike
de la sorte / du mme genre
suit
convenir
sum
montant
surge
une saute de courant (lctricit)
T
take advantage of
proter de
teenagers
adolescents
the need
le besoin
though
bien que / quoique
thousands
des milliers
threat
menace
timescale
priode / perspective de temps
trojan / trojan horse
cheval de Troie
U
unless
moins que
unlike
diffrent de / dissemblable / contrairement
unwittingly
involontairement
usurps
usurper
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watch
regarder / observer
way
faon / manire
well-being
bien-tre
widely-travelled
qui a beaucoup voyag
win, (won, won)
gagner
worms
les vers
33
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Unit 4
LISTENING 1
Data protection and electronic signatures
D
15
Sonia:
Gerhard:
Sonia:
Gerhard:
Sonia:
Gerhard:
Sonia:
Gerhard:
Sonia:
Gerhard:
(Pause..)
James:
Sonia:
James:
Right, whats the next item on the agenda?

Well James has put forward a proposal to introduce electronic signatures for all
top management.
Really, Okay. Lets discuss it then. What use are they, and why would we need
them?
The main idea is to stop anyone intercepting messages.
Why would anyone want to do that?
To change the content for example. Lets say Ins, the Finance
Manager wants to approve payment for an invoice from one of our suppliers.
If the message were intercepted, the approval could be used for criminal
purposes.
Yes, but we already have anti-viruses, rewalls, and all sorts of computer
security, surely no one can get past it all?
Nothing is foolproof. Keeping ahead of cyber-criminals means changing and
updating our systems to stay ahead. This is additional security.
Perhaps we could bring James in here to give us more details?
Thats a good idea. Ill get him.
Good morning everybody. Right, well, to talk about electronic signatures, also
called digital certicates, theyre a sort of digital ngerprint system. Theyre
in popular use, in particular in e-commerce. As we are expanding into the emarket we need this important part of the authentication process, for ourselves
and our customers.
Absolutely. Gerhard was talking about internal use though, between
departments. Is that also necessary, or could we just issue these digital
certicates to the Sales and Finance Departments?
Anyone receiving messages, giving the authority to spend company money,
needs the assurance that the message comes from who it says it does. In our
case, it is only the managers who have this authority, so I believe they should
each have their own electronic signature as a precaution.
Gerhard:
James:
Sonia:
James:
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I agree entirely. Its getting too risky given the ease with which we all use e-mail
for transmitting buying and selling requests. To go back to something Sonia said
earlier, can I just point out that we, the company, dont issue these certicates
ourselves. We have to apply for them from a Certicate Authority. A third party
organisation issues the digital certicate, to create the digital signatures and
public and private key pairs.
Thats right.
How do they work?
Well, lets take you and Gerhard for example. When you send a message to
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Sonia:
Gerhard:
James:
Sonia:
James:
Sonia:
Gerhard:
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Gerhard you would use the public key to encrypt the message. Gerhard must
then use his private key to decrypt the message. Thats why we call them key
pairs. They are easy to use.
So, I suppose the signatures need to be easy to remember and at the same time
difcult to forge.
Yes, if theyre too simple, such as a persons name or initials, its easy to crack the
computer system.
And, on the other hand, as Sonia says they have to be easy enough to
remember.
Right. James, can we leave this with you? Id like a short report as soon as you
can, outlining the costs, and timescale for implementation. Will the end of next
week give you sufcient time?
Plenty. Shall I send you it in an encrypted e-mail?
If you do, I wont be able to read it without my private key. Thank you, James.
OK. Gerhard, can we move on to the next item?
Okay, last week we had a report of a security breach in the rewall
35
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Unit 4
LISTENING 2
Hacking and a hackers advice
D
16
Interviewer:
Hacker:
Interviewer:
Hacker:
Interviewer:
Hacker:
Interviewer:
Hacker:
So, when did you start hacking, and why?

Ive been a hacker for many years now. It started innocently enough at the
grand old age of 13, quite simply because my parents couldnt afford to buy me
sophisticated new software, and as I was already very computer savvy, I started
trying to nd ways of downloading and cracking software codes for personal
use. At the time it was mostly for music. Then, of course the great change came
for me when broadband arrived and I started downloading in earnest. Unlimited
access to the internet also meant that I could spend hours talking on forums and
discovering the fascinating world of hacking. It was genuine curiosity. Being in
contact with other hackers encouraged me to join in their games. Thats what
most of it is about anyway its all just a game. The great challenge and especially
the competition: pitting your brain against a huge corporation or organisation
is exhilarating stuff, in particular for teenagers. Its an amazing feeling to think
that little old you can stymie some enormous company or whatever, right from
your armchair. Were code crackers and some of us have even become heroes,
well, perhaps Im exaggerating a little! But you never know when well be
needed. Bypassing security codes is usually how I break through security to gain
access.
Who do you think are the biggest threats to hackers?
Record companies in particular are continually hunting down hackers because
of copyright laws trying to protect their business. So, some software can only
be bought on the internet using a credit card, and the company puts a program
into your computer which can read everything in your computer, and therefore
it knows if the software is being used on another computer. Some software can
also detect if a CD is a copy or not.
Are there any ways of avoiding detection?
I use a proxy server when Im hacking, that way if the web police are out there
searching, they cant get back to me. By using a proxy my personal information
is not given out, its only false information, and the police are led on a wild
goose chase to various different places and different countries. So they dont
know where I am, or who I am. Most hackers are doubly careful when dealing
with the USA, as the FBI pretends to be a proxy server, and you can get caught
that way.
Sounds like it could be dangerous. So, why do you continue?
As I said before, its mainly to get a kick out of the challenge. You must have
heard of the Sasser worm. That made a real mess. It was a contest between
two hackers to see who could contaminate the most computers. Sasser won
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because he managed to create a worm that destroyed his opponent, Blaster. So,
in the hackers world Sasser and Blaster are well-known. Im not, and most of
the hackers I know, are not out there on a destructive path.
Interviewer:
Has hacking changed?
Hacker:
Today, there are new methods of hacking, in particular brought about by the
massive adoption of WIFI. Theyve just made it so much easier for us. You can
easily hack into anybodys system, especially your neighbours, just by using a
coat-hanger or an old coffee tin to act as an aerial to channel energy. WIFI
systems send energy out in a star-shaped direction. All you have to do is channel
this energy in the direction you want, capture it, and use it as you like. Some
WIFI systems use a WEP key, which means that all communication between the
modem and the pc is encoded. So, you need the WEP key. Sniffers are what we
call people who listen and receive all the data from a particular machine and can
then read the WEP key. After that you have total access. People with WIFI should
change their WEP key regularly, I change mine constantly. Once I have the WEP
key I can inltrate the whole network, send instructions to disconnect everyone
from the router and then change the address from my own MAC address, that
means manufacturing address code, to one of the people connected up to the
router. Every network card leaving a factory has a unique MAC address. So then
if I want to do anything illegal on the internet, everythings directed back to the
host computer, guarding my anonymity. This is called spoong.
War driving has become very popular with hackers as a consequence of WIFI. That is to say they
get as close to a company as they can, often or not the car park, and they try to
get past the companys security and enter their computers.
Interviewer:
Hacker:
Interviewer:
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq4.indd 37
Have you got any advice on security?

My advice, well, as Ive already said all passwords must be changed frequently.
People should avoid mass produced software. MSN is like an open book to
hackers. Most hackers attack Windows, so its better to use Linux or Mac.OS. I
suppose I shouldnt really be telling you all this. Its a good job its anonymous!
Dont worry, I wont tell anyone!
37
27/09/07 17:30:42
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq4.indd 38
27/09/07 17:30:42
Unit 5
Storage and outsourcing

Lexique
A
accompanying
daccompagnement
add
ajouter
akin (to)
analogue
all-inclusive
tout compris
allow
permettre
although
bien que
anyway
de toute faon
archive
archiver
away (from)
loin de
B
back-up (n, v)
sauvegarde / sauvegarder
backward compatible
compatible avec les modles prcdents
basically
au fond / fondamentalement
behind
derrire
bonus
prime
branch ofce
succursale
busy
occup
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 39
call / caller
appel / la personne qui appelle
cancel / cancellation
annuler / annulation
century
sicle
choice
choix
clouds
nuages
consequently
par consquent
corner (just around the)
virage / (ici) n'est pas loin
current
actuel
cut (v, n)
couper / coupe
cut back
rduire
39
27/09/07 17:33:20
Unit 5
D
daily
quotidien(nement)
deal with
soccuper de
discount
remise / rabais
dividend
dividende
down the road
au bout de la rue / pas loin
E
enormous
norme
engaged
occup (ligne tlphonique)
etched pits
cavits graves
eventually
nalement
extend
prolonger
F
factors
facteurs
foreign
dun pays tranger
feared
redout / craint
fees
honoraires
forget
oublier
forms
formes / sortes
friendly
amical
full
plein
G
go ahead with (something)
(ici) mettre un plan / un projet excution
great
gnial / super
H
half
moiti
hand over
cder / remettre
hands
mains
head
tte
heading (for)
se dirige (vers)
hold the line
patienter (au tlphone)
hold back
freiner / retenir
(at) home
chez soi
40
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 40
in the long run
long terme
(be) inclined (to)
enclin / tendance
8 A109 LX PA 00
27/09/07 17:33:20
inevitably
invitablement
interestingly
de faon intressante / chose intressante
J
join
adhrer
K
keep
garder
key
cl
knowledge
savoir / connaissance
L
labour force
main-duvre
legal
juridique
lifespan
dure de vie
look forward to
attendre avec impatience
loss
perte
lovely
charmant / ravissant / chouette
lump of sugar
morceau de sucre
M
manifold
multiple (ici)
manufacturing process
processus de fabrication
MD (Managing Director) UK
CEO (Chief Executive Ofcer) USA
General Manager USA
PDG
meeting (meet) (n,v)
runion (rencontrer)
motorbike
moto
8 A109 LX PA 00
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(be) obliged (to)
(tre) oblig
occur
se produire
offshoring / outsourcing
sous-traitance ltranger / sous-traitance ou

externalisation
on behalf of
au nom de
on demand
la demande
on hand
sous la main
out of date
prim
overhaul
reviser compltement
own
propre / soi (ici)
41
27/09/07 17:33:20
Unit 5
P
package
contrat global (ici)
part
pice (ici)
perk
avantage / -ct
poor
pauvre
R
receipt
(un) reu
reduce
rduire
refer (to)
faire rfrence ()
relate (to)
se rapporter ()
removal
enlvement
response time
temps de rponse
revamp
retaper
rough draft
brouillon
42
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 42
Sales Manager
directeur des ventes
sequential access
accs squentiel
set up
installer
shorter
plus court
shout
crier
speed
vitesse
staff turnover
renouvellement de personnel
stage
phase / stade (ici)
stand in for
remplacer quelquun
still
toujours (ici)
storage / store
stockage / stocker
story
(une) histoire
suitable
qui convient / appropri
sub-divided
subdivis()
switchboard operator
standardiste
8 A109 LX PA 00
27/09/07 17:33:21
T
task
tche
teething problem
difcult initiale
these days
de nos jours / ces jours ci
though
quoique
throughout
partout dans / dun bout lautre de
throughput
dbit
tied up
occup (ici)
timing
synchronisation (ici)
tip
pourboire (ici)
trend
tendance
true
vrai
U
(the) utmost
(la) plus haute / extrme
V
VAT
TVA
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 43
water-skiing
ski nautique
wavelength
longueur donde
weekly
hebdomadaire
well-established
bien tabli(e)
whereas
alors que / tandis que
widespread
trs rpandu (ici)
wonderful
merveilleux
43
27/09/07 17:33:21
Unit 5
LISTENING 1
A small business planning I.S. growth
D
17
Andy:
OK, Delia, Ive just been given the green light by the MD. Were going ahead
with the plans for a complete overhaul of IS throughout the company.
Delia:
Great. The timing is just perfect, what with the opening of the new branch
ofce in Welwyn Garden City.
Exactly. I think it was one of the determining factors. Our equipment here
in Head Ofce is so old and so out of date that any system we set up in a
new environment wont be able to communicate with us. Well, except for
the standard phone line. We wouldnt be able to cope with running 2
entirely separate IS systems anyway, so wed have to take on more staff.
Andy:
The MD realised that revamping our present equipment, buying upgraded

hardware, such as routers and T-1 lines, to take advantage of remote service
between the 2 ofces, would be cheaper in the long run. Of course, although
she agreed with everything I said there will be restrictions; money being the
biggest one. Right, down to business; Delia, can you call Josh in for me?
Delia:
Josh:
Andy:
Sure. (Puts her head round the door and shouts) Josh, can you come in? We need
you.
Im on my way.
2 seconds while I save this le.
Hello Josh. We need to make some decisions on those comparisons you made
last month.
Josh:
Andy:
Hi, Andy. The basic hardware equipment is the same quality and price for
both Rewfringes and Fromalston. The differences come in the accompanying
software packages. The initial installation and set up with staff training included
is the same price from both companies. The Fromalston software package has
continuous data protection incorporated, but is more complicated to adapt to
our needs. It will also take the staff longer to get used to it. Rewfringes software
package, on the other hand, uses more standard language and is easier to adapt
and use.
Delia, have you spoken to the suppliers yet, about maintenance contracts? I
think were agreed that the quality of the After Sales Service is of the utmost
importance in deciding which supplier to go through.
Delia:
Andy:
Delia:
Andy:
Josh:
44
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 44
Yes, I spoke to Rewfringes and Fromalston last week. I have a rough draft of the
maintenance contracts here.
Any signicant differences?
They both offer full hardware and software support. Rewfringes includes daily
updates, whereas with Fromalston, its weekly. The overall costs are slightly
cheaper if we go through Rewfringes. The main reason for that is that their
After Sales service is outsourced to a company abroad.
So, what happens if we have a problem we cant deal with ourselves?
These days everythings repaired online.
8 A109 LX PA 00
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Delia:
Andy:
Delia:
Andy:
Josh:
Andy:
Delia:
Andy:
Josh:
Delia:
Josh:
Andy:
Delia:
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 45
Thats right.
Hmm. Im not sure I like the idea of having to rely on people half way round the
globe in the case of an emergency.
In the unusual case of a serious problem they use a local company to cope with
the emergency.
I nd it amazing that its cheaper to use a company abroad than the one thats
just down the road, like Fromalston.
Rewfringes software is easier for us to adapt to our complex nancial system.
That was their main selling point. Theyre also very experienced in setting up
networks that can easily grow, so as we expand we can add to our IS systems
without having to buy expensive new equipment in a few years time.
That seems to me to be their main selling point, because our complex nancial
system, as you put it, will have to be simplied anyway. Delia, how many hours
of staff training do these companies supply?
ErRewfringes estimates 60 hours, that includes setting up and staff training
on the new systems. Fromalston only talks about 30 hours, but thats just for
staff training.
Hmmm If we can get some guarantee from Fromalston that the amount of
staff training hours they offer is sufcient for everyone to be up and running,
and if not, that they can give us more, then Im inclined to go for the local rm,
for purely practical reasons. Getting everything installed and up and running
correctly will be much easier, when alls said and done, by a local rm. Were
bound to have teething problems, but at least theyre only a phone call away.
So are Rewfringes.
The problem with the phone call to Rewfringes is language. Ive heard that a
lot of people are having problems with these foreign call centres where they
hire local people whose English is not very good and its difcult to understand
them. Even more so, when having problems with a new system. Im afraid I
agree with Andy, Josh. Sorry.
At the end of the day youre the deciders. I just hope the limited experience of
Fromalston doesnt hold us back in the long term.
Yes, I understand what youre saying Josh, but therell never be a guarantee
that any system we implement will be backward compatible in a few years
time. Things change too fast for that. Today were setting up a networking
system that allows us to expand and still be fully functional over the next 5 to
8 years. Were making this decision based on what this company needs over the
next few years, and not on what the general trend is. Fromalston is also a small
company on its way up, so we can grow together. In the long run, well be one
of their loyal customers and that will pay. Youll see.
Right, Ill set up a meeting with Fromalston ASAP.
45
27/09/07 17:33:21
Unit 5
LISTENING 2
Ordering goods on the telephone
D
18
Receptionist:
B. Smithson:
Receptionist:
B. Smithson:
[Transfer]
Secretary:
B. Smithson:
Secretary:
B. Smithson:
[Transfer]
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Good morning, Flucksons Ltd, how can I help you?

Hello, Could I speak to your Purchasing Manager, please?
Hold the line please Caller, Im putting you through.
Thank you.
Sabrina Draks ofce, good morning.
Good morning, Id like to speak to Ms Draks, please.
Could I have your name please?
Of course. Its Brian Smithson of DPJ Electronics
Good morning Sabrina Draks speaking. How can I help you?
Good morning Ms Draks. Im calling you back on behalf of Teddy Klan whos
away on holiday. He left me a note asking me to get back to you with some
prices on TDA 456s
Thats right. I rang Teddy last week. Were thinking of upgrading our equipment.
Were still working with TDA450s. When I spoke to Teddy, he suggested the TDA
456 as the most suitable upgrade.
Ah yes, absolutely. There are no peripheral changes to be made, and no staff
re-training. Its the easiest solution. What sort of numbers are we looking at?
Well, we have 60 TDA450s on site, but currently use about 40 of them. What
about prices and delivery times?
Bought individually the TDA 456s cost 125. Discounts start with a minimum
order of 10. After that, there is a reduction for every 20 ordered. If you are
currently using 40 then you need to have about 50 in stock, for busy periods.
The company must have originally ordered 60 of the older model because of
the increasing level of discount with every 20 ordered.
I see. The price is a lot higher, all the same. Are there signicant differences
compared with the original model?
Oh, very much so. The speed has been tripled, and the size cut by half, which
makes stocking and transporting them a lot easier. In addition, the lifespan of
the TDA456 has been extended by 5 years.
What sort of discount can I expect for 40 units?
An initial discount of 5% is given on 10 units. Another 5% is given after that
on each order of 20 units. Thats a 15% reduction on 40 TDA456s. So, thats
106.25 per unit, giving a total of 4250. But, I think you should really consider
ordering 60 units as Teddy told me that in the past youve needed up to 58
TDAs running at the same time. This will give you a full 20% discount, bringing
the price down to 100 per unit. These prices include VAT, delivery and on-site
installation.
46
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 46
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27/09/07 17:33:21
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
[Pause]
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
B. Smithson:
Sabrina Draks:
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq5.indd 47
Yes, but as were cutting back on powered TDAs, 60 will no longer be necessary
even in our busiest period. Its true that 40 could be a bit tight though,
especially in the winter season. As were one of your most loyal customers and
will probably continue to be so, could we ask for the full 20% discount on 50
units, instead of 60.
Im afraid Ill have to get back to you on that, as Im only standing in for Teddy.
Thats a decision thats not in my hands. Hell be back next Monday. I could get
him to call you then?
Well, Id like to get this order sorted before then, so if you can phone me back
before next week, Id appreciate it. If not, itll have to wait for Teddys return.
By the way, what are the delivery times?
If you could just hold the line a moment, Ill check what we have in stock?
OK. Ill hold.
Right, lets see. Um Theres no problem with delivery. It would take a maximum
of 3 to 4 days. Of course, thats as stocks stand today. But there shouldnt be
any delays if your order comes through before the end of next week.
Thatll be ne. Right, thank you. I look forward to hearing from you or Teddy, at
the beginning of next week, and we can sort out the details then.
Thank you. Ill try and do my best to get back to you before Friday, if not, Teddy
will phone you on Monday, at the latest. Looking forward to talking to you
again. Bye.
Many thanks, Bye.
47
27/09/07 17:33:21
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27/09/07 17:33:21
Unit 6
Software and sales

Lexique
A
abilities
aptitudes faire quelque chose / capacits
accurate
prcis / exact
act
agir
advice (uncountable!)
conseil (un conseil = a piece of advice)
afford
se permettre (nancier)
aim (at doing / to do)
viser ( faire quelque chose)
(not) anymore
(ne) . plus (ngation)
astonishing
tonnant
auction
les enchres
B
behaviour
comportement
black
noir
blindly
aveuglement
board of directors
conseil dadministration
booming
en plein essor / prosprer
bug
bogue / erreur
business-friendly
facile utiliser pour les socits / favorable aux

socits
button
bouton
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq6.indd 49
case
cas
coin
inventer (un mot ou une expression)
connectivity / connectedness
liaison, branchement ou raccordement
criteria
critres
49
27/09/07 17:34:50
Unit 6
D
dedicate
ddier
default
dfaut
delivery
livraison
discount
remise
display
talage / exposition
E
embrace
pouser / embrasser (une ide)
evolve
voluer
explain
expliquer
F
feasibility
faisabilit / possibilit (de ralisation)
feature
caractristique
feedback
retour dinformations / ractions
rparer (ici)
ea market
march aux puces
forecast
prvisions
freedom
libert
G
glad
content / heureux
H
headset
casque couteurs
hire
embaucher (ici)
history
(l) Histoire
hop
sautiller
I
incentive
motivation
infrared
infrarouge
involvement
participation
50
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq6.indd 50
keep an eye on
expression : surveiller quelque chose / quelquun
king
roi
kingdom
royaume
8 A109 LX PA 00
27/09/07 17:34:50
Software and sales
L
league
classe / catgorie (ici)
line of sight
(ici) trajet / ligne de mir
low-power
puissance basse
M
manage
grer
marketplace
place du march
merchant
marchand
momentum
vitesse
monetary
montaire / nancier
N
niche
crneau
O
overheads
frais gnraux
overlook
oublier / ngliger
P
pace
allure
painless
indolore
passkey
passe-partout
payment
rglement
peer-to-peer
pair pair / P2P / poste poste
permit
permettre
predictive
prophtique
prohibit
interdire
promote
promouvoir
propensity
tendance
purchases
achats
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq6.indd 51
rather than
plutt que
ready
prt
record numbers
quantits records
red tape
paperasserie
replace
remplacer
room
pice (dans une maison, etc.)
51
27/09/07 17:34:50
Unit 6
S
sample
chantillon
securely
de manire scurise
set aside
mettre de ct
shipping costs
frais de transport
shop window
vitrine de magasin
short-range
courte porte
similar
semblable
slave
esclave
slow
lent
spread-spectrum
spectre tal / talement de spectre
state
tat
stress
pression
study (v,n)
tudier / tude
survey
tude / enqute / sondage
T
talents
dons
television set
poste de tlvision
thief (plural = thieves)
voleur
track
suivre la trace de
U
ultra-wideband
bande ultra large
(act in) unison
(agir en) concert
unite
unier
V
value
valeur
W
weak
faible
whisperer
quelquun / quelque chose qui murmure
Y
yesterday
52
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq6.indd 52
hier
8 A109 LX PA 00
27/09/07 17:34:51
Software and sales
LISTENING 1
Buying and selling
22, 23, 24
D Conversation A
22
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Im interested in buying the black ones, but nd the shipping costs from the
US too high.
Why dont you try going onto Ebay and bidding in an auction for them? That
way, youll have a lot more choice of where to get them from. Youll probably
nd the same ones at a cheaper price.
Yes, but Im a bit worried about using the auctioning system.
Oh, you dont need to be. There are a lot of security measures to make
people feel safe about using credit cards and the like. You can use Paypal for
the transaction. The customers payment information is securely routed through
a network of processors and nancial institutions.
Sounds OK. Maybe Ill try it.
DConversation B
23
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
George:
Id like to start up a business on the internet.

In that case, maybe you should check the Ebay website. Theres a lot of
information to help people who are starting up a business. Starting the business
up on Ebay is probably the cheapest and easiest way to go about it.
Yes, but I dont have a website.
You dont need one. If the business takes off, it would be a good idea to have
one later. All you need is an e-mail address.
Brenda:
George:
But, how do people pay me?

You can use the Paypal system for payment. You send the customer an e-mail
invoice. You can create one using the Paypal website or using Outlook, for
example, or any other email software. The email incorporates a Request Money
option. The customer clicks on the button and pays you through the Paypal
secure website. Its quick and painless.
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
Is it expensive to set up?

Not at all. The basic charge is 3%.
Sounds very reasonable.
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53
27/09/07 17:34:51
Unit 6
D Conversation C
24
Brenda:
GEORGE:
Brenda:
GEORGE:
Brenda:
GEORGE:
Brenda:
GEORGE:
Brenda:
54
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq6.indd 54
Ive been buying and selling over the internet, through Ebay, for nearly a year
now. Business is booming!
Good. What about your overheads?
Theyre very low. There were no set-up costs, which is a great bonus. It costs
very little to insert items for sale. Ebay takes a fee of about 5.25%. Apart from
that, I was paying the basic 3% charge to use Paypal but now that my sales have
increased Im eligible for the Merchant Rate which is less than the standard
rate. So, Ive made gains there.
So, youre happy with the system.
I think its great for people starting up. I also get support from Ebay to help me
run my Ebay account. The more I sell the more support I receive. The red tape is
kept to a minimum, and like most people, I really appreciate that.
You appear to have a wide choice of models on the site.
Yes. Thats one of the reasons I opted to sell via Ebay. I could never have had so
many different models on display in a shop window. This must be the largest
marketplace in the world
Some people call it the biggest ea market in the world.
Yes. Thats much more accurate.
8 A109 LX PA 00
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Software and sales
LISTENING 2
Database marketing
D
25
Brenda:
George:
Ive got a great idea for a new product.

You told me about it yesterday, and Ive been thinking about it. I think you need
Brenda:
George:
to ask yourself if there is a market for it.

Yes, I know. I need to do some market research.
You mean asking people to ll in questionnaires and such like. Thats very time
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
consuming and expensive.

Not if I use the internet to conduct my research. If I put a questionnaire on the
Web, it wont cost very much and Ill reach out to a very wide audience.
Hmm. Thats true. If you put a survey on your website, you could ask people a
series of pertinent questions and see what feedback you get.
Thats the idea. But rst I need to attract people to my website and then nd a
way of getting them to complete the survey.
George:
If you want to get people to take the time to ll in the questionnaire, youll
need to offer some incentive.
Brenda:
George:
Such as?
Well, you could offer free samples or a discount on future purchases, for
example.
OK. Good idea. Ill think about that. But my main problem is attracting enough
people to the website in the rst place. Im sure there are some of our present
customers whod be happy to do the survey, but I want to develop a new market.
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
Sounds like database marketings the answer.

Yes. I can use my existing database of customer information to send out a
personalised email to promote the new idea.
What criteria do you use in your existing customer database?
Weve sorted it by geographical areas and transactional history details.
Transactional history is sub-divided into frequency of purchase and monetary
value. That way we can analyse customer behaviour.
George:
Sounds good. Have you developed predictive models to forecast how the
customers would be likely to respond to different sales promotions?
Brenda:
No. That would take more time and money. Its mainly the much bigger
organisations that can afford to spend that amount of money on marketing.
They use statistical techniques to rank customers in order of propensity to buy
or to respond to new products. Were not in the same league.
George:
Brenda:
Not yet!
Youre right not yet. If I had more time, Id use all the customer information to
analyse our customers needs.
So, buy the databases you need. You can buy customer lists or databases from
other organisations. If I were you, Id buy a list which has been compiled by a
specialist magazine. You could also get lists from nancial institutions based on
George:
credit application forms. What else is there?
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55
27/09/07 17:34:51
Unit 6
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
George:
Brenda:
George:
56
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 sq6.indd 56
I know some databases come from application forms lled in by customers for
free products and competitions and the like. I might look at those.
Yes, of course. If you do that, youll know more about your competition. Thats
essential. You could also try getting information from online networking groups.
But once youve got the right database you need to make up a marketing plan.
Ive been working on it. Ive written a brief description of the product, its
potential benets and the type of market Im targeting. Any other ideas?
Well, I dont think youve looked at the competition enough. As I said earlier
knowing your opponents is vital. The analysis of the databases you buy will help
you see how the competition markets and sells similar products. That way you
can look for the niches they may have overlooked.
Right. Employing database marketing is denitely the way to go.
I think so. Also, using the internet for the survey will mean that you should have
a fast response time.
As I have so much work to do, Id better go and get things moving. Bye. And
thanks for the advice.
Im glad I could be of some help. Bye.
8 A109 LX PA 00
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Info file 1
Irregular verbs
Infinitive
Past
Past participle
French
be
was / were
been
tre
become
became
become
devenir
begin
began
begun
commencer
break
broke
broken
casser
build
built
built
construire
bring
brought
brought
amener
buy
bought
bought
acheter
catch
caught
caught
prendre (ex : un train)
choose
chose
chosen
choisir
come
came
come
venir
cost
cost
cost
coter
do
did
done
faire
drink
drank
drunk
boire
drive
drove
driven
conduire (ex : voiture)
eat
ate
eaten
manger
fall
fell
fallen
tomber
feel
felt
felt
se sentir
find
found
found
trouver
fly
flew
flown
voler (ex : dans un avion)
forget
forgot
forgotten
oublier
get up
got up
got up
se lever
give
gave
given
donner
go
went
gone
aller
have
had
had
avoir
hear
heard
heard
entendre
hurt
hurt
hurt
faire mal (ex : bras)
keep
kept
kept
garder
know [ nU ]
knew [ nju ]
known [ nUn ]
connatre, savoir
learn
learnt / learned
learnt / learned
apprendre
leave
left
left
quitter, partir
lose
lost
lost
oublier
make
made
made
fabriquer, faire
mean
meant
meant
vouloir dire
meet
met
met
rencontrer
8 A109 LX PA 00
8 A109 LX PA 00 07 info.indd 57
Personal notes
57
27/09/07 17:25:42
Unit 1
pay
paid
paid
payer
put
put
put
poser
read [ rid ]
read [ red]
read [ red ]
lire
ride
rode
ridden
aller cheval, bicyclette...
say
said
said
dire
see
saw
seen
voir
sell
sold
sold
vendre
send
sent
sent
envoyer
show
showed
shown
montrer
sing
sang
sung
chanter
speak
spoke
spoken
parler
spell
spelt
spelt
peler
spend
spent
spent
passer (du temps)
swim
swam
swum
nager
take
took
taken
prendre
tell
told
told
dire, raconter
think
thought
thought
penser
understand
understood
understood
comprendre
wear
wore
worn
porter (vtements)
win
won
won
gagner (ex : un prix)
write
wrote
written
crire
liste n'est pas exhaustive : elle concerne les verbes irreguliers utiliss dans ce cours.
O Cette
Les traductions proposes correspondent au sens le plus usuel.
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Info file 2
American English
Quelques petites diffrences entre l'anglais britannique et l'anglais amricain sont
indiques dans le cours. Vous en trouverez quelques exemples supplmentaires que
vous pouvez consulter en cas de besoin ci-dessous.
Dates
Rappel : la diffrence entre les dates britanniques et amricaines est peut-tre la
diffrence la plus importante car cela peut entrainer un malentendu : en GB le jour
prcde le mois ; aux USA, c'est le contraire.
American English
British English
crit : 05/10/01= 5th October 2001

ou 5 October 2001
Parl : the fifth of October two thousand
and one.
crit : 14/04/99 = 14(th) April 1999
Parl : the fourteenth of April nineteen
ninety-nine
crit : 05/10/01=10th May 2001

ou 10 May 2001
Parl : May tenth, two thousand and one.
crit : 04/14/99 = 14(th) April 1999
Parl : April fourteenth, nineteen ninety-nine
C'est pourquoi dans ce cours nous vous conseillons d'crire toujours la date en
entier et non pas sous forme abrge pour viter une ventuelle confusion.
Vocabulary
Quelques mots sont diffrents ; voici les plus usuels :
British English
autumn
bill
biscuit
car park
chemist's
chips
engaged
film
flat
floor
ground floor
holiday
lift
lorry
motorway
pavement
8 A109 LX PA 00
American English
fall
check
cookie
parking lot
drugstore
French fries
busy
movie
apartment
storey
first floor
vacation
elevator
truck
freeway
sidewalk
French
automne
note, addition
biscuit
parking
pharmacie
frites
occup (tlphone)
film (cinma)
appartement
tage (dans un immeuble)
rez-de-chausse
vacances
ascenseur
camion
autoroute
trottoir
59
27/09/07 17:25:43
Unit 1
petro
postcode
queue
railway
roundabout
rubbish
shop
toilet
trolley
trousers
undergound
gas
zip code
line
railroad
traffic circle
trash, garbage
store
bathroom, restroom
cart
pants
subway
essence (pour une voiture)

code postal
file d'attente
chemin de fer
rond-point
ordures
magasin
toilettes
chariot (supermarch)
pantalon
mtro
Grammar
Quelques diffrences noter
Present perfect & Past simple

Dans les contextes o on utilise le present perfect en Grande-Bretagne, on
a tendance utiliser le past simple aux tats-Unis. Mais les deux fomes sont
possibles aux tats-Unis.
British English
Have you ever played cricket?

He has never eaten bacon before.
American English
Did you ever play baseball? (OR: Have you

ever played baseball?)
He never ate bagels before. (OR: He has never
eaten bagels before.)
Prpositions
Quelques diffrences
British English
towards the south

He'll be away from Monday to/till Thursday.
at the weekend, at weekends
a player in a team
twenty minutes past five
ten to eight
write to me
meet someone
talk to someone
60
American English
toward the south

He'll be away from Monday through Thursday.
on the weekend, on weekends
a player on a team
twenty minutes past/after five
ten to/of eight
write me
meet with someone
talk with someone
8 A109 LX PA 00
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Spelling
Quelques petites diffrences, ex :
American English
British English
centre
metre
colour
travelling
center
meter
color
traveling
Pronunciation
On dit souvent que l'accent amricain est plus difficile comprendre que l'anglais
britannique, mais cela dpend de beaucoup d'lments (rgion, dbit).
Vous pouvez vous habituer, par exemple, en regardant des films amricains en VO et en
regardant la tl les actualits de la chane CNN par exemple (le matin sur Canal +).
8 A109 LX PA 00
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Unit 1
Info file 3
Numbers, alphabet and time

Voici une source d'informations pratiques que vous pouvez consulter si vous en avez
besoin. Il s'agit de :
numbers ;
the alphabet ;
the time ;
conversion tables.
Numbers
Cardinal and ordinal numbers
Cardinal
Ordinal
Cardinal
Ordinal
one
1st
first
18
eighteen
18th
eighteenth
two
2nd
second
19
nineteen
19th
nineteenth
three
3rd
third
20
twenty
20th
twentieth
four
4th
fourth
21
twenty-one
21st
twenty-first
five
5th
fifth
22
twenty-two
22nd
twenty-second
six
6th
sixth
23
twenty-three
23rd
twenty-third
seven
7th
seventh
24
twenty-four
24th
twenty-fourth
eight
8th
eighth
25
twenty-five
25th
twenty-fifth
nine
9th
ninth
30
thirty
30th
thirtieth
10
ten
10th
tenth
40
forty
40th
fortieth
11
eleven
11th
eleventh
50
fifty
50th
fiftieth
12
twelve
12th
twelfth
60
sixty
60th
sixtieth
13
thirteen
13th
thirteenth
70
seventy
70th
seventieth
14
fourteen
14th
fourteenth
80
eighty
80th
eightieth
15
fifteen
15th
fifteenth
90
ninety
90th
ninetieth
16
sixteen
16th
sixteenth
100
a/one hundred
100th hundredth
17
seventeen
17th
seventeenth
Larger cardinal numbers

1,000
1,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000
a/one thousand
a/one million
a/one thousand million (GB) / a billion (US)*
a/one billion (GB) / a trillion (US)*
*Suite aux conseils donns par The Bank of England les usages amricains taient adopts officiellement dans les dernires annes du 20e sicle. Cependant les britanniques continuent utiliser les
usages traditionnels dans la langue courante donc, en cas de doute, il faut vrifier !
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8 A109 LX PA 00
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En anglais britannique, les virgules sutilisent pour sparer les centaines (et non pas
O pour
la dcimale, comme en franais).
Exemples dautres chiffres :
On dit :
200
two hundred.
250
two hundred and fifty.
3,060
three thousand and sixty
40,700 forty thousand seven hundred
306,204 three hundred and six thousand two hundred and four
noter aussi : en anglais britannique, quand on a de grands chiffres, on utilise and
O devant
les chiffres infrieurs 100 dans les tranches de 100.
Exemple :
6,990,990 six million, nine hundred and ninety thousand, nine hundred and ninety.
The alphabet
Pour vous aider
A may
B be
F ef
G dji
K kay
L l
P pea
Q kyou
U you
V vee
prononcer les
C see
H eitch
M m
R h
W double you
lettres
D deep
I I am
N n
S s
X ex
E me
J jay
O
T tea
Y why
Z zed (US: zee)
Les lettres groupes selon leur prononciation
/eI/
A
H
J
K
/i/
B
C
D
E
G
P
T
V
/e/
F
L
M
N
S
X
Z
/aI/
I
Y
/ju/
Q
U
W
/U/
O
/A/
R
Si vous avez des difficults avec certaines lettres, essayez de trouver un truc personnel qui va vous aider les prononcer, par exemple, pour i :
i se prononce comme eye ou ae ! .
8 A109 LX PA 00
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Unit 1
The time
Il y a deux possibilits pour dire l'heure en anglais. La premire :
o'clock
five to
five past
ten to
ten past
quarter past
quarter to
twenty to
twenty past
twenty-five to
twenty-five past
half past
Par exemple : 2.00 = two o'clock

3.15 = quarter past three
4.30 = half past four
5.45 = quarter to six
Mais : 3.02 = two minutes past three.
3.04 = four minutes pas three.
3.34 = twenty-six minutes to four.
O Il y a aussi quelques diffrences en anglais amricain.

La deuxime possibilit est plus simple : on dit les numros tels qu'on les voit
Par exemple : 2.00 = two (o'clock)
3.15 = three fifteen
4.30 = four thirty
5.45 = five forty-five
O Faites bien attention bien crire lheure langlaise, donc 6.30 et non 6 h 30 !
64
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BTS Informatique de gestion

Directrice de publication : Valrie Brard-Trigo

Presenting companies, department and jobs

Unit 1 : Presenting companies, departments and jobs

Unit 2 : IT evolution: problems and solutions

Unit 3 : Intra & inter...net

Unit 4 : Security, security, security

Unit 5 : Storage and outsourcing

Unit 6 : Software and sales

Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire

Exemple pour le thme transport

to drive (v) a car

conduire une voiture

abonnement / billet (hebdomadaire / mensuel / annuel etc.)

A very old / new (adj) car.

une voiture trs ancienne / neuve.

Petrol is very expensive today.

lessence est trs chre aujourdhui.

Yearly underground pass.

un abonnement annuel de mtro.

date butoir / limite

soccuper de quelque chose

entretien pour un travail

Presenting companies, departments and jobs

Presenting companies, departments and jobs

Presenting and IS department

Presenting companies, departments and jobs

An IS managers typical day

this can be organisational announcements or a new project coming up. Then,

meeting held with my colleagues from the UK and Germany.

IT evolution : problems and solutions

viser (verbe) / le but (nom)

de la mme faon (ici)

bin / binnig (v)

les patrons / chefs

ADSL / haut dbit

cardboard / cardboard boxes

le carton / botes en carton

banal / commun / ordinaire

rentable / bon rapport cot - performance

planche dessin industriel

ingnieur sur le terrain

centre / moyeu / concentrateur

IT evolution: problems and solutions

gros ordinateurs / units centrales

faire ses preuves (ici)

(it) sounds obvious

(cel) semble vident(e)

clou (petit) / broquette

un tournant / un moment dcisif

aides dinstallation (ici)

inquitude / souci / sinquieter (v)

IT evolution: problems and solutions

A problem and its solution

How did you deal with the problem?

How has your company kept up with changes in Information Technology?

What was the biggest problem at the time?

Was there a rapid change over to newer systems?

IT evolution: problems and solutions

Intra & inter...net

expression : compltement diffrent

la pub / annonce / rclame (n)

backlink (inlink, inward link etc...)

une base ou une rfrence (ici)