Deskripsi Data

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering

Central Tendency
Many data sets have a distinct central tendency with the
data values grouped or clustered around a central point
Everyday expression: average value, middle value, most
popular or frequent value
Variation measures the spread or dispersion of values in
a data set
One simple measure of variation is range: the difference
between the lowest and the highest value

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Range
Range is equal to the largest values minus the
smallest value

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Mean
The arithmetic mean (the mean) is the most
common measure of central tendency

Extreme value?

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Median
The median is the value that partition or splits
and ordered set of data into two equal parts
It is not affected by extreme values
The median is the middle value in a set of data
that has been ordered from lowest to highest
value
Rule 1 If there is an odd number of values in the data
set, the median is the middle-ranked value
Rule 2 If there is an even number of values in the
data set, the median is the mean of the two middleranked value
Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Mode
The mode is the value in a data set that appears
most frequently
Extreme values do not affect the mode
Should only be used for descriptive purposes as
it is more variable than either the mean or the
median
Often there is no mode or there are several
modes in the data set

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Quartiles
Quartiles divide a set of data into quarters, that
is, four equal parts
First quartile, Q1: 25% values are smaller or equal to
Q1. Q1 = (n+1) / 4
Second quartile, Q2: is the median
Third quartile, Q3: 75% values are smaller or equal to
Q3. Q3 = 3(n+1) / 4

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Quartiles
Rule 1 If the result is an integer, then the quartile
is equal to the ranked value. n = 7, Q1?
Q1 = (7+1) / 4 = second ranked value

Rule 2 If the result is a fractional half (2.5, 3.5,

7.5, etc.) then the quartile is equal to the mean
of the ranked value. n = 9, Q1?
Q1 = (9+1) / 4 = 2.5 ranked value, halfway between
the 2nd and 3rd ranked value

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Quartiles
Rule 3 If the result is neither an integer nor a
fractional half, round the result to the nearest
integer and select that ranked value. n = 10,
Q1?
Q1 = (10+1) / 4 =2.75 ranked value. Round 2.75 to 3
and use the 3rd ranked value

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Interquartile Range
Interquartile range is the difference between the
third and the first quartile
Interquartile Range = Q3 Q1

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM

Heri Sutanta

Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, UGM