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  • Magnetic Fields and Lasers Elicit Graphene Secret - ScienceDaily

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    42 просмотров2 страницы
    The HZDR researchers exposed the graphene to a fourTesla magnetic field forty times stronger than a horseshoe magnet. As a result, the electrons in graphene occupy only certain energy states. The negatively charged particles were virtually forced on tracks. These energy levels were then examined with freeelectron laser light pulses at the HZDR. "The laser pulse excites the electrons into a certain Landau level. A temporally delayed pulse then probes how the system evolves," explains Martin Mittendorff, doctoral candidate at the HZDR and first author of the paper.

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    Magnetic Fields and Lasers Elicit Graphene Secret -- ScienceDaily

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    The HZDR researchers exposed the graphene to a fourTesla magnetic field forty times stronger than a horseshoe magnet. As a result, the electrons in graphene occupy only certain energy states. The negatively charged particles were virtually forced on tracks. These energy levels were then examined with freeelectron laser light pulses at the HZDR. "The laser pulse excites the electrons into a certain Landau level. A temporally delayed pulse then probes how the system evolves," explains Martin Mittendorff, doctoral candidate at the HZDR and first author of the paper.

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    42 просмотров2 страницы

    Magnetic Fields and Lasers Elicit Graphene Secret - ScienceDaily

    Загружено:

    thymez
    The HZDR researchers exposed the graphene to a fourTesla magnetic field forty times stronger than a horseshoe magnet. As a result, the electrons in graphene occupy only certain energy states. The negatively charged particles were virtually forced on tracks. These energy levels were then examined with freeelectron laser light pulses at the HZDR. "The laser pulse excites the electrons into a certain Landau level. A temporally delayed pulse then probes how the system evolves," explains Martin Mittendorff, doctoral candidate at the HZDR and first author of the paper.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 2

    11/28/2014

    MagneticfieldsandlaserselicitgraphenesecretScienceDaily

    Magneticfieldsandlaserselicitgraphenesecret
    Date:

    November24,2014

    Source: HelmholtzZentrumDresdenRossendorf
    ScientistsattheHelmholtz
    ZentrumDresdenRossendorf
    (HZDR)havestudiedthe
    dynamicsofelectronsfrom
    the"wondermaterial"
    grapheneinamagneticfield
    forthefirsttime.Thisledto
    thediscoveryofaseemingly
    paradoxicalphenomenonin
    thematerial.Itsunderstanding
    couldmakeanewtypeof
    laserpossibleinthefuture.
    Togetherwithresearchers
    fromBerlin,France,theCzech
    RepublicandtheUnited
    States,thescientists
    preciselydescribedtheir
    observationsinamodeland
    havenowpublishedtheir
    findingsinthescientific
    journalNaturePhysics.

    Augerscatteringingraphene.

    Credit:HZDR/Voigt
    Grapheneisconsidereda
    "wondermaterial":itsbreaking
    strengthishigherthansteel
    anditconductselectricityandheatmoreeffectivelythancopper.Asatwodimensionalstructureconsistingofonlya
    singlelayerofcarbonatoms,itisalsoflexible,nearlytransparentandapproximatelyonemilliontimesthinnerthana
    sheetofpaper.Furthermore,shortlyafteritsdiscoverytenyearsago,scientistsrecognizedthattheenergystatesof
    grapheneinamagneticfieldknownasLandaulevelsbehavedifferentlythanthoseofsemiconductors."Many
    fascinatingeffectshavebeendiscoveredwithgrapheneinmagneticfields,butthedynamicsofelectronshavenever
    beenstudiedinsuchasystemuntilnow,"explainsphysicistDr.StephanWinnerlfromHZDR.
    TheHZDRresearchersexposedthegraphenetoafourTeslamagneticfieldfortytimesstrongerthanahorseshoe
    magnet.Asaresult,theelectronsingrapheneoccupyonlycertainenergystates.Thenegativelychargedparticles
    werevirtuallyforcedontracks.Theseenergylevelswerethenexaminedwithfreeelectronlaserlightpulsesatthe
    HZDR."ThelaserpulseexcitestheelectronsintoacertainLandaulevel.Atemporallydelayedpulsethenprobeshow
    thesystemevolves,"explainsMartinMittendorff,doctoralcandidateattheHZDRandfirstauthorofthepaper.
    Electronredistributionsurprisesscientists
    Theresultoftheexperimentshasastonishedtheresearchers.Thisparticularenergylevel,intowhichnewelectrons
    werepumpedusingthelaser,graduallyemptied.Winnerlillustratesthisparadoxicaleffectusinganeverydayexample:
    "Imaginealibrariansortingbooksonabookshelfwiththreeshelves.Sheplacesonebookatatimefromthelower
    shelfontothemiddleshelf.Hersonissimultaneously'helping'bytakingtwobooksfromthemiddleshelf,placingone
    ofthemonthetopshelf,theotheronthebottom.Thesonisveryeagerandnowthenumberofbooksonthemiddle
    shelfdecreaseseventhoughthisispreciselytheshelfhismotherwishestofill."
    Becausetherewereneitherexperimentsnortheoriesregardingsuchdynamicsbefore,theDresdenphysicistsinitially
    haddifficultyinterpretingthesignalscorrectly.Afteranumberofattempts,however,theyfoundanexplanation:
    collisionsbetweenelectronscausethisunusualrearrangement."ThiseffecthaslongbeenknownasAugerscattering,
    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141124125343.htm

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    11/28/2014

    MagneticfieldsandlaserselicitgraphenesecretScienceDaily

    butnooneexpecteditwouldbesostrongandwouldcauseanenergyleveltobecomedepleted,"explainsWinnerl.
    Thisnewdiscoverycouldbeusedinthefuturefordevelopingalaserthatcanproducelightwitharbitrarilyadjustable
    wavelengthsintheinfraredandterahertzranges."SuchaLandaulevellaserwaslongconsideredimpossible,butnow
    withgraphenethissemiconductorphysicists'dreamcouldbecomeareality,"saysWinnerlenthusiastically.
    BerlinresearcherscalculatecomplexmodelforDresdenexperiments
    Afterthefundamentalmodelusedintheexperimentshadworkedsatisfactorily,theprecisetheoreticalworkfollowed,
    whichwascarriedoutattheTechnicalUniversityBerlin.BerlinscientistsErminMalicandAndreasKnorrconfirmed,
    usingcomplexcalculations,theDresdengroup'sassumptionsandprovideddetailedinsightsintotheunderlying
    mechanisms.TheHZDRresearchersadditionallycooperatedwiththeFrenchHighMagneticFieldLaboratoryin
    Grenoble(LaboratoireNationaldesChampsMagntiquesIntensesLNCMI),theCharlesUniversityPragueandthe
    GeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta(USA).
    TheresearchhasbeenfundedbytheGermanresearchassociationDFG(DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft)within
    theprogram"Graphene."
    StorySource:
    TheabovestoryisbasedonmaterialsprovidedbyHelmholtzZentrumDresdenRossendorf.Note:Materialsmaybe
    editedforcontentandlength.
    JournalReference:
    1. MartinMittendorff,FlorianWendler,ErminMalic,AndreasKnorr,MilanOrlita,MarekPotemski,ClaireBerger,Walter
    A.deHeer,HaraldSchneider,ManfredHelm,StephanWinnerl.CarrierdynamicsinLandauquantizedgraphene
    featuringstrongAugerscattering.NaturePhysics,2014DOI:10.1038/NPHYS3164
    CiteThisPage:
    MLA

    APA

    Chicago

    HelmholtzZentrumDresdenRossendorf."Magneticfieldsandlaserselicitgraphenesecret."ScienceDaily.
    ScienceDaily,24November2014.<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141124125343.htm>.

    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141124125343.htm

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