1.

All varieties of RNA that function in protein synthesis are:

(a) transcribed from a DNA template. (b) stable and long-lived. (c)
able to bind with and form stable relationships with several
polypeptides. (d) double-stranded. (e) possessed of a codon or
anticodon.
2. Lamarchian theories of inheritance are refuted by the central dogma
because: (a) information cannot flow from protein to DNA. (b)
phenotypic change does not generally cause mutation within gametes.
(c) a specific environmental change does not cause a specific
mutation. (d) a dna b, but not c. (e) a, b and c are true.
3. RNA processing is: (a) the same as transcription. (b) the rejection
of old, worn-out RNA. (c) an event that occurs after RNA is
transcribed. (d) both b and c, but not a. (e) both a and b, but not c.
4. During protein synthesis, an anticodon on tRNA pairs with: (a) DNA
nucleotide bases. (b) rRNA nucleotide bases. (c) mRNA nucleotide
bases. (d) other tRNA nucleotide bases. (e) none of the above.
5. If the sequence of bases in DNA is TAGC, then the sequence of bases
in RNA will be: (a) ATCG (b) TAGC (c) AUCG (d) CGAT (e)
none of the above
6. During differentiation, cells with the same DNA: (a) must develop
similarly. (b) divide at equal rates. (c) contain different genes.
(d) may transcribe different genes.
7. According to current ideas concerning protein synthesis: (a) tRNA
molecules specific for particular amino acids are synthesized
along a mRNA template in the cytoplasm. (b) amino acids line up with
their mRNA codons on the ribosome and are then linked together
by tRNA. (c) enzymes that catalyze protein synthesizing reactions
in the cytoplasm are transcribed from regulatory genes. (d)
tRNA molecules transport mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
(e) mRNA, synthesized on a DNA template in the nucleus,
provides information that determines the sequence in which
amino acids are linked during translation.
8. Which molecule or part of a molecule is properly matched to its

function? (a) DNA polymerase -- transcription (b) RNA polymerase -

- translation (c) amino-acyl tRNA synthetase -- DNA replication (d)
peptidyl transferase -- joins Okazaki fragments (e) none of the above
pairs are properly matched
9. In order for a length of eukaryotic mRNA to be translated, the pre-
mRNA transcript is modified in several ways, including: (a) intron
removal. (b) addition of a cap on the 5' end. (c) addition of a poly-A
tail to the 3' end. (d) a and b, but not c. (e) a, b, and c.
10. Which is not a difference between functional eukaryotic rRNA and
mRNA? (a) Both are produced in the nucleus, but only mRNA moves
into the cytosol. (b) There are many copies of the genes for rRNA, but
not of the genes for each mRNA. (c) rRNA genes are transcribed but
not translated; genes for mRNA are both transcribed and translated.
(d) mRNA, but not rRNA, is modified by the addition of a cap and a
tail. (e) There are many more varieties of mRNA than rRNA.
11. The basic mechanism of gene expression often referred to as the
"central dogma" consists of which two steps? (a) gene information is
transferred to an RNA copy. (b) the RNA copy directs the sequential
assembly of amino acids. (c) the chain of amino acids assume a
specific three dimensional shape to become functional according
to the type of genetic informational. (d) a and b. (e) a and c.
12. Protein synthesis in eukaryotes takes place on: (a) the plasma
membrane. (b) the nucleus. (c) ribosomes. (d) lysosomes. (e)
a, b and c, but not d.
13. The A and P sites are progressively occupied by amino acids being
assembled into a chain in protein synthesis. These sites are part of: (a)
small ribosomal subunit (b) large ribosomal subunit (c) mRNA
(d) tRNA (e) DNA (the gene itself)
14. Gene expression includes which two of the following processes?
(a) transcription and replication (b) replication and repression
(c) protein synthesis and replication (d) mutation and cell division
(e) transcription and translation
15. The number of nucleotides required to specify an amino acid is:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) a variable number depending on

the amino acid.

16. Which of the following sequences of nucleotides in DNA would code
for the polypeptide sequence Trp-His-Arg? (a) ACC-GTA-TCC (b)
UGG-CAC-AGA (c) ACC-GTG-TCG (d) TCT-GTG-ACC (e) ACC-GUA-
UCU
17. Which amino acid would be carried by a tRNA is its anticodon
sequence is UAG? (a) none, it is a stop codon. (b) isoleucine (c)
leucine (d) asparagine (e) non of the above
Questions 18 and 20 refer to the following short mRNA sequence: A
U G G G G U A U A C G U A G 18. The anticodon on the tRNA that
attaches to the first codon is: (a) AUG. (b) UAC. (c) ATG. (d)
TAC (E) GUA
19. The polypeptide coded for by this mRNA will have how many amino
acids? (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 15
20. The third amino acid in the polypeptide chain will be: (a) tyrosine.
(b) glycine. (c) isoleucine. (d) threonine. (e) valine.
21. Which of the following is not a difference between RNA and DNA?
(a) RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine. (b) RNA has ribose and
DNA had deoxyribose. (c) RNA has 5 bases and DNA has 4. (d) RNA
is a single polynucleotide strand and DNA is a double strand. (e) RNA
is relatively smaller than human chromosomal DNA.
22. Which statement about translation is not true? (a) It is RNA-
directed polypeptide synthesis. (b) An mRNA molecule can be
translated by only one ribosome at a time. (c) The same genetic code
operates in nearly all organisms. (d) Any ribosome can be used in the
translation of any mRNA. (e) There are both start and stop codons.
23. The genetic code: (a) is different for prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(b) has changed during the course of recent evolution. (c) has 64
codons that code for amino acids. (d) is degenerate. (e) is
ambiguous (= overlapping).
24. The genetic code is defined as a series of ____ in ____. (a)
anticodons; tRNA (b) codons; DNA (c) anticodons; mRNA (d)

codons, mRNA (e) codons and anticodons; rRNA

25. Which component is not directly involved in the process known as
translation? (a) mRNA (b) DNA (c) tRNA (d) ribosomes (e)
GTP
TRUE or FALSE 26. Transcription produces RNA growing from the 5' end
to the 3' end.
27. To qualify as a gene, a region of DNA must be both transcribed and
translated.
28. If one knows the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide, it is easy
to deduce the order of bases in DNA.
29. In a molecule of RNA, the ratio oa adenine to uracil (A/U) is 1.
30. Colinearity signifies that the order of codons in a mRNA, read from 5'
to 3', is directly related to the order of amino acids in a protein from N-
terminus to C-terminus.

ANSWERS:

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. a 2. e 3. c 4. c 5. c 6. d 7. e 8. e 9. e 10. a 11. d

12. c 13. b 14. e 15. c 16. a 17. b 18. b 19. c 20. a 21. c 22. b 23. d
24. d 25. b
TRUE or FALSE 26. True 27. False (rDNA genes are only transcribed) 28.
False (If one knows the sequence of bases in DNA, it is easy to deduce
the order of amino acids in a polypeptide.) 29. False (RNA is single-
stranded, thus Chargaff's laws do not apply.) 30. True