VII SIMULATTON OF

ulalinn will also be

i: I to n), and the

rr point

grades

nulatbn of blocks,
,ariarrce C"(h) or
lriabitrity of support
a regularization on
h) b3z means of the
:la (II-4 I ). In pracre d.iscrete approxiC6, corresponding
,se

tozero,

ea

pbri

the n the

dispersion

0)- As an example

rangc a, a sufficient
r/4 can be obtained

regular square grid

utated point values
:s and lhe grades of
:ntial for a study of
amptrcs- It will be

could arisc with storage and calcutation time. Cuts in computer time can be
obtaincd, firsr by kriging only the N blocks, aod second by simulating and
kriging directly these N blocks, as shown in the.following scction'

Non-conditional simulation of points and conditioning on blocks

This procedure consis(s in carrying out a non-conditional point simulation.

and rhcn conditioning the simulation by kriging the blocks. More prccisely,
i( consists of the foltowing eight successive stepsout a non-conditional simularion of Gaussian distributed point
values a,(x); u,(x) is a realization of the Gaussian RF U(x)deduced
from rhe initial point RF &(x ) by rhe transform f unction fitted to the

A. Carry

experimental histogram of the point data z,r(x.)' i'e', z6(r):

qz-lulx)) and u(r) = 9)lzs(x)lB. Using the transfOrrn function gzo, transform this non-conditional
simulation, i.e.,

z,(r) = cr"lu,(r\-

C. Average this non-conditionat simulation z,(r) within the required

blocks, i.e., 2,.,(r ) = (l /n ) Ir eafu,Gt)\, where the unit u is made up

of thc n interior Points r1.
(fhesc first threc steps constitute thc standard procedurc for thc nonoaditiooal sirnulation of blocks by averaging non-conditionally simulated

points.)

D.

E.

ielectioo is always
>f sample grades),
iabilily or the uniThe cntire simulae., lhc information

5rl

The disadvantagc of the method is that a conditional'simulation of N

blocks requires a non-conditional simulation of nN points and, more
significantly, the conditioning process requires kriging thesc nN points- If
there arc N= 100000 blocks and n = l0 points per block, then problems

2.

sity of the discrete

'ior points, depends
rould not mask the
mber n of interior

DEPOSITS

F,

From the hisrogram of the simulated values 2,.,(x ). deterrnine cxperimentally thc Caussian transform f unction for a support u, i'e" z'-'(x ):
values can be
ez.{u"',(x)l.Once 94 is known, the Caussian simulated

deduccd f rom ,,., (, )l 9 | {2,., (r )i. Note that' since rhe function 'p il is'
in general, non-linear, u,.,(r ) * (l /n ) t, u,(', )
Using the Gaussian simulated values 1,.,(r ) and a,(xo )' simulate the
kriging error Ia,., (x )- r, i.,* {r )1. The kriged value a i., x (r } is a linear
combinatiort of the simulate<J values u, (x. ) at the data points r. e /' i'e''
ui.,*(r)=I"4.(.t). u,(r"). ln the kriging systcnr. thc lirst memtrer
matrix consisrs of the experimental covariances E{g,(r )u,(y )} and the
sccond mcmber matrix consists of E{n,(r )r.,.,(y )}'
Calculatc rhe krigcd valucsof the blocks which are linear combinations

*i

i
I

MININ(; CEOSTATISTICS

)I]

th,:

ie.' r'i1r;=
thc irrrtial rransformed valucs rr('r")= e)t"lzu$")l'

oI
I,.,r.(t,). rr(.r.). Notc

rhar the kriging weights

A"(r)

are idcntical to

thtrsc ttt thc Prcccding stcP E'

(i. ('orrtlrttoti [rv thctc (]itttsslatt block valtrcs' I c''

tr,,.{ r. I =' ril

(.r

;+ [rr,.,('r)- rrl'*(.t )l

H.Firrally.tlterequlrcdctlrrtlitionalsinlulationofblockgradcsrsobtaincd
for thc
de rcrnrincd (in srep D)function 92rhc
by'rrtcattsof

fruiously

suPl'rorlr"ic.
2,.,.(x ) = 97. ( rr,.,.(r

-llris

itr;tt

simulalron
musl i)c c(r
in t1t pc n dt
I

ti nc rr>l
ll()n

e(ir

1(,

at (ire

san'

lhis. thc d
gnd (r-, .r

bc lrss lh
data (x.,,
locatrons

))

'

of nN point vtllues
blocks' Howcver' the condrlioning

a non-conclitional srmulation
1>rt.lccdtrrc rcquires

N
rr,(x ). n valrtcs for each tlf thc
u' rather than krigingall nN Pornts'
N
blocks
;;;;r, rcqurrcs krigingonly
thc nN point valucs is still
lf, howe-ver. rhc nonc<l"nditional simulation of
blt>cks
*"tfto<J of direct conditioning of thc N
rct<t costly' thcn the ritl'a
should bc ustd'

i(r..

-l-

vulue rif t
thc smool

where

rr:ai data

zciLl exp

3. Direct corttlitionttl sinwlation of blocks

rechniques' lhe structural
By means of the geostatistical regularization
f rom the quasi-point
deduced
be
model 7,(h )def rned on tf't support-u can
lengths' Using
sample
core
to
structural model y"(Linttta"ftr example'
VI'B'

outlined in section
vartous p"rrn"n"nt" of aistriUution techniques
Z"(r) can be deduced
RF
rhe univariare oirt,iUution of the regularized
for instance' to the
fitted'
RF
point
of the
f rom thc univariate distribution
of Z'(r)
distribution
This
lenglhs'
cxperimental hislogram of core sample
canalsobederlucedfromproductiondataorfromcontroldataattheentry
to the milling Process'
and the distribution of 2.,
once the structural function (C,(h) or 7,(h))
the block grades can be
of
zo'(x)
31g known, a non-conditional simulation
process poses a
conditioning
carried out directly. However, the subsequent
few problems.
on a supPort diflerent from
The conditional dara aiL-in general, defined
core sample lengths for instancc' Now'
u, such as the quasi-point suppx'rt of
rcquircd'in the conciitioning formula (VIl'3):

cL:nStruc(

lrue Srad
This latt<

7,,(li ), cf .

This r
rrpproxin
k

rigcd vi

rs only'c-l

thc spati
only rvht

rrnit u

clispe rsic

Once

conditio

point

ca:

consicler the terms

z',(r)- zi.'* (r )l'

simulation 2"'(r) can be immediately

2,.,.(r ) = z jx (r )+

Thc non-conditional block

,:
E
I

IL

from the rcal <lala zo(r.. ) lo providc

obtaincd. and each block can bc krige<!

The !
tiorring

kriging