Hyd Civil 3 1 Drcs Set 3

S.
37
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Hyderabad

Code No: 09A50102/R09
III B.Tech. I Semester Examinations
Set-3
May/June - 2012
Solutions
DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

( Civil Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
---
Use of IS-456 and Interaction curves for columns of SP-16 are permitted.
1.
2.
(a)
Explain various limit states. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)
(b)
Calculate the stress block parameters of concrete. [7 + 8] (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.2)
Determine the moment of resistance of a T-beam section with the details given below,
bw = 200 mm, d = 500 mm, bf = 1500 mm, Df = 100 mm, Ast =2946 mm2, fck = 25 MPa, fy=415 MPa. [15] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)
3.
Design the reinforcement in a rectangular beam of section 230 mm 600 mm subjected to an ultimate bending moment
of 125 kN-m and an ultimate shear force of 125 kN. Assume M25 concrete and Fe415 steel. [15] (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.1)
4.
Design a simply supported slab for a single room masonry building with internal dimensions 4.00 m 5.00 m. The
masonry walls are of 300 mm thick. Assume a live load of 3.0 kN/m2 and a finish load of 1.5 kN/m2. Assume that the
slab corners are not free to lift up. Consider M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. [15] (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1)
5.
Design an isolated footing for a column with an axial force of 2500 kN under working loads. The size of the column
is 500 mm 500 mm. Consider SBC of soil as 250 kN/m2. Consider M25 concrete and Fe500 steel. Assume mild exposure
condition. [15] (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.1)
6.
Design a short square column, with effective length 3.5 m, capable of safely resisting factored load Pu = 2000 kN and
Mu = 125 kN-m (under unaxial eccentricity) the column is braced against side away. Use M25 concrete and Fe415 steel.
[15] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.1)
7.
(a)
Distinguish between short and long term deflection and what are the limits prescribed by the code IS-456.
(Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.1)
(b)
Explain effective and cracked moment of inertia. [7 + 8] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.1)
8.
Design a dog-legged stair for a building in which the floor height is 3.4 m. The stair case room measures 3.0 m 4.5
m. The live load may be taken as 3.0 kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. [15] (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.1)
WARNING : Xerox/Photocopying of this book is a CRIMINAL act. Anyone found guilty is LIABLE to face LEGAL proceedings.
S.38
Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012
SOLUTIONS TO MAY/JUNE-2012, SET-3, QP

Q1.
(a)
Explain various limits states.
Let the Neutral axis falls in the flange,
May/June-12, Set-3, Q1(a) M[7]
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-I, Q3, Topic: Types of Limit
0.87 f y Ast
xu
= 0.36 f b d
d
ck f
State.
(b)
Calculate the stress block parameters

of concrete.
Answer :
May/June-12, Set-3, Q1(b) M[8]
0.87 415 2946

xu
=
0.36 25 1500 500
d
xu
= 0.158
d
For answer refer Unit-I, Q8.

Q2.
xu = 0.158 d
Determine the moment of resistance of a Tbeam section with the details given below,
bw = 200 mm, d = 500 mm, bf = 1500 mm, Df =
100 mm, Ast = 2946 mm2, fck = 25 MPa, fy= 415
MPa.
xu = 0.158 500
xu = 79 < df (100 mm)
Therefore, the neutral axis falls in the flange.
May/June-12, Set-3, Q2 M[15]
Answer :
For Fe415 steel,
xu ,max
Given that,
d
clause 38.1 Pg.No.70)
Width of web, bw = 200 m
xu,max = 0.48 d
xu,max = 0.48 500
Width of flange, bf = 1500 mm
xu,max = 240 mm > xu (Hence safe)
Depth of flange, Df = 100 mm
Therefore, the beam is under reinforced.
Overall depth of beam, d = 500 mm

Area of steel, Ast = 2946 mm
= 0.48 (From IS 456:2000,
The moment of resistance,
M25 grade, fck = 25 MPa = 25 N/mm2

Fe415 steel, fy = 415 MPa = 415 N/mm2
Ast f y
MR = 0.87 fy Ast d 1 f b d
ck f
MR = 0.87 415 2946 500
bf = 1500 mm
2946 415
1 25 1500 500
Df = 100 mm
MR = 497.149 106 N-mm

d = 500
mm
M R = 497.149 kN - m
Therefore, the moment of resistance of T-beam,
MR = 497.149 kN-m
dw = 400
mm
Ast = 2946 mm2
bw = 200 mm
(1 MPa = 1 N/mm2)
Figure
Q3.
Design the reinforcement in a rectangular

beam of section 230 mm 600 mm subjected
to an ultimate bending moment of 125 kN-m
and an ultimate shear force of 125 kN. Assume M25 concrete and Fe415 steel.
S.39
Answer :
Given that,
Width of the beam, b = 230 mm
Overall depth, D = 600 mm
Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 125 kN-m
Ultimate shear, Vu = 125 kN
For M25 concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
For Fe415 Steel, fy = 415 N/mm2
Providing an effective cover of 40 mm all around the beam.
Effective depth, d = 600 40 = 560 mm
Design of Longitudinal Reinforcement
Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 125 kN-m
Mu = 125 106 N-mm
Therefore, ultimate moment of resistance Mu-limit.
Mu-limit = 0.36 fck
xu ,max
xu ,max
1 0.416 d bd2
d
From IS-456 : 2000, for Fe415, the value of
xu ,max
d
= 0.48
Mu-limit = 0.36 25 0.48 [1 0.416 0.48] 230 5602

Mu-limit = 249.374 106 N-mm
Mu-limit = 249.374 kN-m > Mu (125 kN-m)
Hence the section is under-reinforced.
f ck
Area of steel required (Ast)req = 2. f
y
4.6 M u
1 1
f ck bd 2
1 4.6 125 106

25
1
(Ast)req =
25 230 560 2
2 415
bd
230 560
( Ast1 ) req = 677.746 ~ 678 mm2

Provide 16 mm bars @ spacing of,
A
Spacing = A 1000
st1
( 16 2 )4
1000 = 296.552 ~ 290 mm c/c
678
Number of bars, n =
( Ast1 ) r eq
A
678
( 16 2 ) / 4
= 3.372 ~ 4 bars
S.40
Therefore, provide 4 bars of 16 mm @ 290 mm c/c.
16 2
A st1 pr ov = 4
4
A st1 pr ov = 804.248 mm2 > ( Ast1 ) req (678 mm2)
Hence safe.
Since overall depth D > 450 mm torsional reinforcement is provided at sides.
( Ast2 ) req = 0.001 b D

= 0.001 230 600
= 138 mm2
Minimum area of steel, Amin=
0.85 230 560

0.85 bd
=
415
fy
Amin = 263.807 mm2 > ( Ast2 ) req
Provide minimum area of steel i.e., ( Ast2 ) req = Amin

Therefore, provide 10 mm bars.
Number of bars =
( Ast 2 ) req
A
263.807
( 10 2 ) / 4
= 3.359 ~ 4 bars
Therefore, provide 4 bars of 12 mm .

Design of shear Reinforcement
Ultimate shear force , Vu = 125 kN = 125 103 N
Equivalent shear stress,
ve =
Vu
bd
ve =
125 103
230 560
ve = 0.970 N/mm2
Shear strength of concrete, pt =
pt =
( Ast 1 ) req
bd
100
678
100
230 560
pt = 0.526
From IS-456:2000. Table no : 19, Pg.No.73

c = 0.498 N/mm2
From table no. 20, for M25 concrete.
cmax = 3.1 N/mm
c < ve < c,max
0.50 0.49
0.75 0.57
0.25 = 0.08
0.026 = x
x = 0.008

Hence, shear reinforcement needs to be provided in the form of vertical stirrups.
S.41
0.026 + 0.50 = 0.008 + 0.49

0.526 = 0.498
Therefore, provide mm 2 legged stirrups.

Area provided, Asv =
Spacing of stirrups, (Sv.)req =
=
82
2 = 100.531 mm 2
4
0.87 f y . Asv
( e c )b
0.87 415 100.531

(0.970 0.498) 230
(Sv.)req = 334.347 mm ~ 330 mm c/c

Check for Spacing
The spacing provided should not be greater than
Asv f y
0.4 b
or 0.75 d or 300 mm whichever is less.
Asv f y
0.4b
100.531 415
= 453.482 mm ~ 450 mm c/c
0.4 230
0.75d = 0.75 560 = 420 mm c/c

Therefore, provide a spacing of 300 mm c/c.
Therefore, provide 8 mm 2 legged stirrups at spacing of 300 mm c/c.
(Asv)provided =
Ap
Spacing
1000
( 82 ) / 4
1000
300
(Asv)provided = 167.552 mm2 > (Asv)req

Hence safe.
230 mm
8 mm 2 legged stirrups
at 300 mm c/c
600 mm
4 bars of 10 mm
40 mm
40 mm
4 bars of 16 mm
Figure
S.42
Q4.
Design a simply supported slab for a single room masonry building with internal dimensions 4.00
m 5.00 m. The masonry walls are of 300 mm thick. Assume a live load of 3.0 kN/m2 and a finish
load of 1.5 kN/m2. Assume that the slab corners are not free to lift up. Consider M20 concrete and
Fe415 steel.
Answer :
Given that,
Internal dimensions of slab = 4.00 mm 5.00 mm
Thickness of walls = 300 mm
Live load on slab = 3.0 kN/m2
Floor finish load = 1.5 kN/m2
M20 concrete fck = 20 N/mm2
Fe415 steel fy = 415 N/mm2
Design Constants
For M20 concrete,
xu, max
d
Ru = 0.36 fck
700
= 0.479
1100 + 0.87 415
xu ,max
xu, max
1 0.416. d
d
= 0.36 20 0.479 (1 0.416 0.479)
Ru = 2.762
Loading calculations,
For a simply supported slab,
leff
d
= 20 k (from deflection consideration)
Assuming 0.2% of steel reinforcement, modification factor, k ~ 1.68

Let, leff = 4300 mm
leff
d
= 20 k or d =
d=
l eff
20 k
4300
= 127.976 mm
20 1.68
Assuming a nominal cover of 20 mm and using 8 mm bars.
Overall depth, D = 127.976 + 20 + 4 = 151.976 mm
Take overall depth, D = 155 mm

Effective depth, d = 155 20 4 = 131 mm
Dead load of slab = 0.155 1 1 25 = 3.875 kN/m2

Live load on slab = 3.0 kN/m2
Floor finish load = 1.5 kN/m2
Total load = 8.375 kN/m2
Factored load Wu = 1.5 8.375 = 12.563 kN/m2
Effective length, lex = 400 + 131 = 4131mm
ley = 5300 + 131 = 5431 mm

l ey
S.43
5.431
= 1.226 ~ 1.226 < 2
lex
4.431
Therefore, the slab is a two way slab,
r=
Moment in shorter span, Mux = x . wu l x2

Moment in longer span, Muy = y . wu . l x2
Where x, y are obtained from table 26 of IS-456 : 2000

x = 0.074,
y = 0.056
Mux = 0.074 12.563 4.4312 = 18.253 kNm
Muy = 0.056 12.563 4.4312 = 13.813 kNm
1.2 0.072
1.3 0.079
0.1 0.007
0.026 x
x = 0.002
Width of Strips
(i)
Short Span
Width of middle strip =
Width of edge strip =

(ii)
3
3
ly = 5.431 = 4.073 m
4
4
1
(5.431 4.073) = 0.679 m
2
Long Span
Width of middle strip =
Width of edge strip =
3
3
lex = 4.431= 3.323
4
4
1
(4.431 3.323) = 0.554 m
2
Effective Depth Calculations

Effective depth from moment consideration is given by,
d=
M ux
Ru .b =
18.253 10 6
2.762 1000
d = 81.293 mm
Therefore, provide depth according to deflection consideration.
D = 155 mm
Effective depth in short span, dx = 155 20 4 = 131 mm
Effective depth in long span, dy = 131 8 = 123 mm
Area of Steel
(i)
Short Span
For an under reinforced section area of steel,
f ck
4.6.mux
Ast1 x = 0.5
1
fy
f ck .bd x2 bd
Ast1 x =
4.6 18.753 106

0.5 20
1
1000 131
20 1000 1312
415
Ast1 x = 413.149
S.44

Minimum steel, Ast1 min =
0.12
1000 131
100
= 157.2 mm2 < Ast1 x

A
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing, S = A 1000
st1 x
82
4 1000 = 121.664 mm
=
413.149
(ii)
Therefore, provide 8 mm bars at spacing of 120 mm c/c.

Long Span
Ast1 y =
0.5 20
415
4.6 13.813 10 6
1 1
20 1000 1232
1000 123
Ast1 y = 329.512 mm2 > Ast1 min

A
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing, S = A 1000
st1 y
82
4 1000 = 152.545 mm
=
329.512
Therefore, provide 8 mm bars at 150 mm c/c.

Check for Shear
Short Span
Shear force at edges of longer span,
Vx = u.lex
r
(2 + r )
= 12.563 4.431
1.226
(2 + 1.226)
Vx = 21.155 kN
Shear Stress, vx =
Vx
21.155 103
=
bd x
1000 131
vx = 0.161 N/mm2
Allowable shear stress in concrete,
100
( Ast1 x ) pr
bd x
82
120 1000 41887.902
=
= 100 4
= 0.320
131000
1000 131
From IS.456 : 2000, table 19 c = 0.394 N/mm2 > vx

Hence safe.
S.45
Long Span
Shear force at edges of shorter span,
Vy =
1
1
.u .lex = 12.563 4.431
3
3
Vy = 18.556
vy
Shear stress, vy = b.d
y
18.556 103
1000 123
vy = 0.151 N/mm2
Allowable shear stress in concrete,
100 ( Ast1 y ) pr
b.d y
82
4 1000
150
= 0.272
= 100
1000 123
From IS : 456-2000, table 19 : c = 0.371 N/mm > vy

Hence safe.
Design of Torsional Reinforcement
Since the ends of the slabs are not allowed to lift up torsional reinforcement is required.
Size of mesh, lm =
or lm = 0.886 +
l ex
4.431
=
= 0.886 m from the centre of support.
5
5
0.30
= 1.036 = 1 m from edge
2
Area of torsional steel, Ast1 t =
3
Ast1 x
4
3
413.149
4
Ast1 t = 309.862 mm2
82
4
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing, S =
1000
309.862
S = 162.219 mmc/c
S = 173.725
S.46
Therefore, provide 8 mm bars at spacing of 160 mm c/c.

Note
1.
The area of steel Ast1 x (with obtained spacing is provided only at middle strip of length 4.073 m. The edge strip is
provided with the steel area of (1.2 D). Where, D = Overall depth of slab.
2.
Similarly, the area of steel Ast1 y is provided only at middle strip of length 3.393 mm. The edge strip length of 0.554 m is
provided with an area of steel equal to (1.2 D).
8 mm bars at
120 mm c/c
8 mm bars at 160 mm c/c
5.6 m
1.0m
4.600 m
Figure: Plan

155 mm
4.00 m
4.431 m
4.6 m
8 mm bars at
120 mm c/c
Figure: Section Along Shorter Span

155 mm
5.00 m
5.431 m
5.6 m
Figure: Section Along Longer Span

S.47
Q5.
Design an isolated footing for a column with an axial force of 2500 kN under working loads. The
size of the column is 500 mm 500 mm. Consider SBC of soil as 250 kN/m2. Consider M25 concrete
and Fe500 steel. Assume mild exposure condition.
Answer :
Given that,
Size of column = 500 mm 500 mm
Axial force, P = 2500 kN
Increase 10% P = 2500 +
10
2500
100
SBC of soil, SBC = 250 kN/m2

M25 concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
Fe500 Steel, fy = 500 N/mm2
xu ,max
d
= 0.46 (From IS-456 : 2000, Clause 38.1, Pg.No.70)
Size of footing, A =
2750
load
=
250
SBC
A = 11 m2
For a square footing with side a we get,
Area, A = S2 or S =
A = 11
a = 3.317 m
Provide footing of size 3.4 m 3.4 m.
Area provided, Apr = 3.42 = 11.56 m2
Net Upward Pressure Intensity,
Pu =
2500
P
=
11.56
A pr
Pu = 216.263 kN/m2
Depth of Footing
(i)
From Flexural Consideration

Bending moment about the face of the column,
M =
Pu B
(B b)2 106 N/mm
8
216.263 3.4
(3.4 0.5)2 106
8
M = 772.978 106 N/mm

Ultimate moment,
Mu = 1.5 772.978 106
Mu = 1159.467 106 N/mm
S.48
Depth of footing, d =
Mu
Ru .B
Where,
Ru = 0.36 fck .
xu ,max
xu ,max
1 0.416
d
d
= 0.36 25 0.46 (1 0.416 0.46)

Ru = 3.348 N/mm2
d =
1159.467 106
3.348 3400
d = 319.152 mm ~ 320 mm
Therefore, provide a nominal cover of 40 mm.
Overall depth, D = 320 + 40 = 360 mm = 0.36 m
(ii)
From One-way Shear Consideration

Critical sections for one-way shear are shown in the figure.
Shear force at section xx or yy,
Ba
d
V = Pu.B
2
y
B-a
-d
2
B
b
Critical
section
for two-way
shear
d
2
y
Figure: Sections for One-way Shear
3.4 0.5
0.001d 10 3
V = 216.263 3.4
2
V = 735.294 (1.45 0.001d) 103 N/m

Factored shear force,
Vu = 1.5 V
= 1.5 735.294 103 (1.45 0.001d)
= 1102.941 103 (1.45 0.001d)
S.49
Vu
B.d
Shear stress, v =
1102.941103 (1.45 0.001d )

3400 d
324.394
(1.45 0.001d )
d
v =
... (1)
Assuming an under reinforced section, with P = 0.5 %

Allowance shear stress (For M25 concrete),
c = 0.31 N/mm2
Factor, K = 1 (For D 300 mm)
(From IS 456 : 2000, Table no.23 Pg.no. 84)
Permissible shear stress = 1 0.31 = 0.31 N/mm2

Equating permissible shear stress to nominal shear stress, we get,
0.31 =
324.394
(1.45 0.001d )
d
0.31d = 470.371 0.324 d

0.31d + 0.324 d = 470.371
0.634 d = 470.371
d=
470.371
0.634
d = 741.91 ~ 742 mm
Hence safe.
Check for Two-way Shear
Perimeter of critical section of two-way ABCD,
P = 2[(a + d) + (b + d)]
= 2[(0.5 + 0.742) + (0.5 + 0.742)]
= 2[2.484]
= 4.968 ~ 5 m
P = 5000 mm
Area of section ABCD, Aps= (0.5 + 0.742)2 = (1.242)2
Aps = 1.543 m2
Punching shear = 1.5 Pu [Apr Aps]
Vps
= 1.5 216.263 [11.56 1.543]

= 3249.460 kN
Nominal Shear Stress v =

v =
V ps
Pd
3249.460 10 3
5000 742
v = 0.876 N/mm2
S.50
Allowable shear stress, c = 0.25 ks .

c = 0.25
= 0.25
f ck for square column, ks = 1
f ck
25
= 1.25 N/mm2 > v

Hence safe.
Effective depth, d = 742 mm
Provide an over are depth of D = 800 mm
Effective depth in one direction (with 40 mm cover),
dx = 800 40
dx = 760 mm
Effective depth in other direction (with 16 mm bars),
dy = 760 16
dy = 744 mm
Design of Reinforcement
Area of steel for under reinforced section is given by,
f ck
Ast , req = 0.5 f
y
25
= 0.5
500
4.6 mu
1 1
B.d x
f ck Bd x2
4.6 1159.467 106

1 1
25 3400 7602
3400 760
Ast ,req = 3609.768 mm2
Adopt 16 mm bars,
Number of bars required, n =
Ast ,req
A
3609.768
( 16 2 ) / 4
= 17.954 ~ 18 nos
Therefore, provide 16 mm bars (18 nos) in both the directions.
Checked for Development Length
Development length, Ld = 47 = 47 16 = 752 mm with 40 mm side cover, available development length,
=
1
[3400 500] 40
2
= 1410 mm > Ld
Hence safe.
S.51

Check for Load Transferred at Base
Area, A2 = 500 500
= 250000 mm2
Area, A1 = [500 + 2(2 800)]2
A1 = 13690000 mm2 (For side spread of 2 : 1)
A1
A2 =
13690000
250000
= 7.4 > 2
Adopt
A1
A2 = 2
Permissible bearing stress, Pba = 0.45 fck
A1
A2
= 0.45 25 2
Pba = 22.5 N/mm2
1.5 2500 103

500 500
Pb = 15 N/mm2 < Pba
Developed bearing stress, Pb =

Hence safe.
500 mm
16 mm 18 nos
2:
Dowels 2 : 1
800
mm
Dowels
3400 mm
16 mm 18 nos
B = 3.4 m = 3400 mm
16 mm
18
nos
Both
ways
16 mm
18 nos
both ways
Figure: Plan
S.52
Q6.
Design a short square column, with effective length 3.5 m, capable of safely resisting factored
load Pu = 2000 kN and Mu = 125 kN-m (under unaxial eccentricity). The column is braced against
side away. Use M25 concrete and Fe415 steel.
Answer :
Given that,
Effective length, leff = 3.5 m = 3500 mm
Factored load, Pu = 2000 kN
Factored moment, Mu = 125 kNm
Fe415 steel fy = 415 N/mm2
Since it is a short column, the ratio
leff
D
< 12
3500
3500
< 12 or
<D
D
12
or D > 291.667 mm
Therefore, assume square column of size 400 mm 400 mm.
Slenderness ratio,
leff
D
3500
= 8.75 < 12
400
Therefore, the column may be design as a short column.

Assuming an effective cover of d = 60 mm
60
d'
=
= 0.15
400
D
Pu
2000 103
Pu = f .b.D =
= 0.5
25 400 400
ck
Mu =
Mu
f ck .b.D 2
125 10 6
= 0.078 ~ 0.08
25 400 400 2
Referring to SP : 16 charts, for pu = 0.5, Mu = 0.08 and
d'
= 0.15
D
p
= 0.092
f ck
Percentage of steel required, preq = 0.092 25

preq = 2.3 %
Area of steel required, Ast,req = 2.3

=
b.D
100
2.3 400 400

100
Ast , req = 3680 mm 2

S.53
Assume 26 mm bars, number of bars required,
3680
n =
Ast1 req
A
26 2
= 6.931 ~ 7
4
Provide 8 bars of 26 mm equally distributed on all sides.
Area of steel provided, Ast1 pr = 8
26 2
4
Ast1 pr = 4247.433 mm2 > 3680 mm2

Hence safe.
Lateral Reinforcement
Diameter of ties </
d
or 6 mm
4
</
26
or 6 mm
4
</ 6.5 mm or 6 mm
Therefore, provide 8 mm ties with spacing least of the following,
(a)
Least lateral dimension = 40 mm
(b)
16 = 16 26 = 416 m
(c)
300 mm.
Therefore, provide 8 mm ties at spacing of 300 mm c/c.

400 mm
60 mm
26 mm
bars
400 mm
8 mm ties
at 300 mm c/c
Figure: Cross-section of Column

Q7.
(a)
Distinguished between short and long term deflection and what are the limits prescribed by
the Code IS-456.
Answer :
May/June-12, Set-3, Q7(a) M[7]
For answer refer May/June-12, Set-1, Q7(a).

(b)
Explain effective and cracked moment of inertia.
Answer :
May/June-12, Set-3, Q7(b) M[8]
For answer refer May/June-12, Set-1, Q7(b).

S.54
Q8.
Design a dog-legged stair for a building in which the floor height is 3.4 m. The stair case room
measures 3.0 m 4.5 m. The live load may be taken as 3.0 kN/m2. Use M20 Concrete and Fe415 steel.
May/June.-12, Set-3, Q8 M[15]
Answer :
Given that,
Height of floor, H = 3.4 m
Clear dimensions of stair case room, B D = 3 m 4.5 m
Live load on stairs, wL = 3.0 kN/m2
Assume rise of stairs, R = 150 mm = 0.15 mm
Tread of stairs, T = 250 mm = 0.25 m
Floor finish load, Wfc = 0.6 kN/m2
Let h be the height of each flight and let the landing slabs span in the same direction as the stair and are
supported by the walls at the ends.
h=
H
3.4
=
= 1.70 m
2
2
Number of rises to be provided,

n1 =
1.70
h
=
0.15
R
n1 = 11.333
n1 ~ 12 risers (in each flight)
Number of treads,
n2 = n1 1
n2 = 12 1
n2 = 11 treads
Space occupied by treads = n2 T

= 11 0.25
= 2.75 m
Providing a landing width of 1.25 m.
Passage space = 4.5 1.25 2.75
= 0.5 m
Let the landing slabs extend to a distance of 160 mm inside the wall.
Then, effective span of stair case, leff = 2.75 + 1.25 +
0.16
2
leff = 4.08 m
leff = 4.1 m
Assume thickness of waist slab =
Z eff
20
4.1
0.205 m
20
= 205 mm
S.55
or take thickness = 210 mm
160 mm
0.5 m
2.75 m
1.25 m
160 mm
1.25 mm
0.1 m
1.25 m
Weight of slab (on (slope), W '

W ' = Thickness Density
W ' = 0.21 25
W ' = 5.25 kN/m2
Dead weight horizontally,
W1 = W '
R2 + T 2
T
W1 = 5.25
0.152 + 0.252
0.25
W1 = 6.122 kN/m2
Dead weight of steps,
W2 =
R
density
2b
0.15
25
2 1
W2 = 1.875 kN/m
Total death weight, Wd = 6.122 + 1.875
= 7.997 kN/m
(Q Dead load per meter run b =1 m)
Wd ~ 8 kN/m
2
Live load, Wc = 3 kN/m
Finishing load, Wf.l = 0.6 kN/m2
Total load, W = 8 + 3 + 0.6

W = 11.6 kN/m
S.56

Provide 10 mm bars at spacing,
Moment,
M = 1.5
W leff 2
M = 1.5
S =
8
11.6 4.12
8
Ast
1000
10 2
4 1000
S =
1099
M = 36.562 kN/m
Design of waist slab,
Fe415 steel, fy = 415 N/mm2
For M20 concrete and Fe415 steel,
xu ,max
S = 71.465 mm
S ~ 70 mm c/c
Provide 10 mm bars at 70 mm c/c.
Distribution Reinforcement
= 0.48
Ru = 0.36 fck
xu , max
xu ,max
1 0.416
d
d
Ru = 0.36 20 0.48 (1 0.416 0.48)

Ru = 2.766
Depth or thickness of waist slab,
Provide a minimum reinforcement of 0.12% of

cross-section,
(Ast)d =
0.12
150 1000
100
(Ast)d = 180 mm2

Provide 8 mm bars at spacing of,
d=
M
Ru b
A
S = A 1000
st
d=
36.562 106
2.766 1000
82
S = 4 1000
180
d = 114.971 ~ 115 mm
Provide overall depth of 150 mm with 10 mm bars
and 30 mm nominal covers,
10
Effective depth, d = 150 30
2
S = 279.253 mm
S ~ 275 mm c/c
Provide 8 mm bars at 275 mm c/c.
d = 115 mm
Reinforcement Design
As the provided depth is equal to the required depth,
the section is under reinforced.
Area of steel =
f ck
2. f y
4.6 m
1 1
bd
f ck bd 2
4.6 36.56 10 6
20
1 1
=
20 1000 1152
2 415
1000 115
Ast = 1098.903 1099 mm2

Hyd Civil 3 1 Drcs Set 3

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S.

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Hyderabad

DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Explain various limit states. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012

SOLUTIONS TO MAY/JUNE-2012, SET-3, QP

Explain various limits states.

Let the Neutral axis falls in the flange,

May/June-12, Set-3, Q1(a) M[7]

For answer refer Unit-I, Q3, Topic: Types of Limit

Calculate the stress block parameters

May/June-12, Set-3, Q1(b) M[8]

0.87 415 2946

For answer refer Unit-I, Q8.

May/June-12, Set-3, Q2 M[15]

For Fe415 steel,

Width of web, bw = 200 m

Width of flange, bf = 1500 mm

xu,max = 240 mm > xu (Hence safe)

Depth of flange, Df = 100 mm

Therefore, the beam is under reinforced.

Overall depth of beam, d = 500 mm

= 0.48 (From IS 456:2000,

The moment of resistance,

M25 grade, fck = 25 MPa = 25 N/mm2

MR = 497.149 106 N-mm

Ast = 2946 mm2

Design the reinforcement in a rectangular

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Hyderabad

From IS-456 : 2000, for Fe415, the value of

Mu-limit = 0.36 25 0.48 [1 0.416 0.48] 230 5602

Hence the section is under-reinforced.

1 4.6 125 106

( Ast1 ) req = 677.746 ~ 678 mm2

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012

Therefore, provide 4 bars of 16 mm @ 290 mm c/c.

( Ast2 ) req = 0.001 b D

0.85 230 560

Amin = 263.807 mm2 > ( Ast2 ) req

Provide minimum area of steel i.e., ( Ast2 ) req = Amin

Therefore, provide 4 bars of 12 mm .

From IS-456:2000. Table no : 19, Pg.No.73

c < ve < c,max

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Hyderabad

0.026 + 0.50 = 0.008 + 0.49

Therefore, provide mm 2 legged stirrups.

0.87 415 100.531

(Sv.)req = 334.347 mm ~ 330 mm c/c

or 0.75 d or 300 mm whichever is less.

0.75d = 0.75 560 = 420 mm c/c

(Asv)provided = 167.552 mm2 > (Asv)req

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012

= 0.36 20 0.479 (1 0.416 0.479)

= 20 k (from deflection consideration)

Assuming 0.2% of steel reinforcement, modification factor, k ~ 1.68

Assuming a nominal cover of 20 mm and using 8 mm bars.

Overall depth, D = 127.976 + 20 + 4 = 151.976 mm

Take overall depth, D = 155 mm

Dead load of slab = 0.155 1 1 25 = 3.875 kN/m2

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Hyderabad

Moment in shorter span, Mux = x . wu l x2

Where x, y are obtained from table 26 of IS-456 : 2000

Width of edge strip =

Width of edge strip =