(U4. Managing across cultures.English for Bus.

)
1. Collectivists believing that the group is more important than
the individual
2. Compromise reducing demands or changing opinions in
order to agree
3. Confrontation a face-to-face disagreement or argument
4. Connections people of influence or importance with whom
you are associated
5. Eye contact looking directly at the people you are talking or
listening to
6. Glocalization an invented word combining worldwide and
regional concerns
7. Improvise to do something when necessary without having
already planned it
8. Interrupt to cut into someone elses turn to speak
9. Intuition understanding or knowing without consciously
using reason
10. Logic thought based on reason and judgment rather than
feelings and emotions
11. Lose face to be humiliated or disrespected in public
12. Status respect, prestige or importance given to someone
(Business across cultures 1,2,3.BVU)
13. Culture the way things are doing in a country, an area, a
social class or an organization
14. Company/corporate culture the way a particular company
works, and the things it believes are important
15. Canteen culture the way that people in an organization
such as the police think and talk, not approved by the leaders
of the organization

16. Long-hours culture where people are expected to work for

a long time each day
17. Macho culture ideas typically associated with men:
physical strength, aggressiveness
18. Stereotypes fixed ideas that may not be true
19. Business lunches take place in restaurants, where deals are
discussed; professional and private life are separate.
20. Corporate hospitality is a big industry with clients invited
to big sport events
21. Presenteeism being at work when you dont need to be
22. Lunch break two-hour break for taking a lunch
(Corporate culture BBASB)
23. Dress code-when your company tells you what sort of
clothes you should wear to work
24. Cut-throat competition-when the rivalry between different
companies is very fierce
25. Market share-when the amount a company sells rises faster
than its competitors
26. Rat race-when workers compete with each other in a very
stressful way to get to the top of their companies or
professions
27. Made redundant-when you lose your job because of market
forces
28. Sink or swim-the situation in a company where you are not
given much help learning your job
29. Red tape-bureaucratic paperwork
30. Board of directors-the top executives who make the
important strategic decisions for a company
31. Bottom line-the final profit or loss of a company

(Corporate culture BBPISB)

32. Loan- a sum of money which you borrow from a bank or
person for a period of time
33. Mortgage-a sum of money which you borrow from the bank
so that you can buy a house
34. Interest-a sum of extra money which you pay when you pay
back a sum that you borrowed
35. An overdraft-an agreement with the bank which allows you
to spend more money than you have in your account
36. Current account-is a bank account for writing cheques and
paying bills
37. Deposit account-is a bank account for saving money for a
long time
38. Interest rate-is the interest that the bank charges on a loan,
expressed as a percentage
39. Standing order-is an instruction to a bank to make a regular
payment to someone
40. Direct debit is an agreement that a company can regularly
collect an amount of money from their customers bank
account (for example to pay bills)

45. Relocation or delocalization moving some of a businesss

activities (e.g. accounting, production) to another place or
country
46. Delayering removing unproductive parts of the
management hierarchy to make organizations more flexible
and efficient
47. Rationalization or restructuring reorganizing a company,
business or system in a new way to reduce costs and improve
efficiency and effectiveness
48. Contract work temporary employment by an organization
to do a specific project or piece of work
49. Casual work temporary employment that is not regular or
fixed
50. Rightsizing another way of saying downsizing, through it
could also describe increasing the size of an organization
perhaps as an attempt to correct a previous downsizing
51. Fire and sack often mean to be dismissed because the
person has done something wrong
52. Lay off and make redundant are more often used when
members of staff are no longer necessary
(Unit 3. Recruitment and selection. Bus.Voc.En)

(Unit 25. Efficiency and employment)

41. Flexible labour market a situation in which it is easy for
company to hire non-permanent staff
42. Downsizing decreasing the number of permanent
employees working for an organization
43. Outsourcing or contracting-out using other business or
subcontractors to supply components or services
44. Job sharing employing 2 or more people on a part-time
basis to perform a job normally available to 1 person
working full time

53. Recruitment / hiring the process of finding people for

particular jobs
54. Headhunter a person who identifies and approaches
suitable candidates employed elsewhere to fill business
positions.
55. Headhunt people for very important jobs
56. Covering letter explanation why a person wants the job and
why he is the right person for it.

57. Background of applicants is the experience of different

jobs and educational qualifications of the applicants
58. References a letter from a previous employer testifying to
someones ability or reliability, used when applying for a
new job.
59. Turn it down to reject some offered or proposed job
(Unit 4. Employment and employability.Bus.Voc)
60. In-house work inside the company
61. Professional development the training courses where
people can keep up with current trends in the industry
62. Employable having the skills needed to get a job
63. Lifelong learning continuing to develop our knowledge by
going on courses and reading journals
64. Portfolio workers workers who have a portfolio or range of
different clients/ someone who does work for a number of
different companies
65. Freelancer a person who offer consultancy services to
different companies.
66. Career move when you get a better job and switch from
one job to another you have
67. Consultant someone who offers professional advice to
companies
(Unit 5. Flexibility and inflexibility.Bus.Voc)
68. Temporary workers who only work for the short periods
when they are needed, either on a temporary contract with a
company, or through a temp agency
69. Part-time workers who work less than a full working week
70. Job sharing where 2 people share a particular job, each of
them working part-time.

71. Flexible working gives employees flexibility on how long,

where and when they work
72. Job flexibility work practice that allows the employees a
certain degree of freedom in deciding how the work will be
done and how they'll coordinate their schedules with those of
other employees
73. Redundancy payments a sum of money given by an
employer to an employee who has been made redundant:
usually calculated on the basis of the employee's rate of pay
and length of service (one weeks salary for every year
worked is the norm)
74. Flexible market a job market that gives employers a lot of
freedom
75. Job protection the legal rights that workers have
to keep their job if they miss work because of illness,
looking after a baby, a strike, etc.
76. Job insecurity the probability that an individual will keep
his or her job; (a job with a high level of job security is such
that a person with the job would have a small chance of
becoming unemployed.)
77. Parental leave the employees who have time off following
the birth of children
78. Sick pay wages/compensations received from an employer
during the illness
79. Unemployment benefits the money paid to people without
jobs
80. Rigid labor market one with too much job protection
(Unit 16. Work.life.balance.Bus.Voc.Use)
81. Burn-out or breakdown people who are no longer able to
work

82. Stress factor something that causes stress

83. Stress symptom assign that someone is under stress
84. Stress toll the total amount of damage caused by stress
85. Stress management ways of dealing with stress
86. Stress industry term used by critics to refer to counseling,
research, done in relation to stress
(Unit 18. The workforce of the future.Bus.Brench)
87. Self-controlled having strong control over your emotions
and actions
88. Self-disciplined the ability to make yourself do things you
know should do, even you dont want
89. Self-employed not working for an employer, but finding
work for yourself as having your own business
90. Self-explanatory easily understood from the information
already given and not needing a further explanation
91. Self-financing paid for only by the money that an activity
itself produces
92. Self-sufficient able to provide everything you need for
yourself without the help of other people

97. Pilot-a person who is in control of a large aircraft carrying up

to 300 passengers
98. Journalist-a person who manages to be ready even at a
minutes notice when a story broke out
99. Fireman-a person who take risks in order to save people
when there is a fire
(Unit 4. Skills and qualifications.Bus.Voc)
100. Graduates people who have just left university
101. In-house training courses within the company
102. Skill is the ability to do something well, especially
because you have learned how to do and practiced it
103. Self-starters/ proactive/ self-motivated/ self-driver good at
working on their own
104. Methodical/ systematic/ organized can work in a planned,
orderly way
105. Computer-literate good with computers
106. Numerate good with numbers
107. Motivated very keen to do well in their job
108. Talented naturally very good at what they do
109. Team players people who work well with other people

(Letters of application.ExpressPubl)
93. A formal letter of application-is written on applying for a job
or a place on an educational course
94. Qualifications-details of previous experience
95. Experience- the background of applicants which includes the
skills and abilities gained from their previous jobs or
educational courses
96. Courier-a person who delivers goods in a safety way and on
time

(Unit 3. letters of enquiry and application)

110. Challenging - difficult, in a way that tests your ability
111. Reputation - the opinion that people in general have about
someone or something
112. Atmosphere - the character or feeling of a place
113. Promotion - when someone is raised to a higher position
114. Benefits - things you get because of your job that are
additional to your pay but are not money
115. Scope - the opportunity for doing something

(Unit 5. Pay and Benefits.Bus.Voc.Use)

116. Overtime working extra hours
117. Minimum wage the lowest amount of money allowed by
law
118. Tips money that consumers leave in addition to the bill
119. Benefits package commission, bonuses, fringe benefits
that an employed person receives apart from his/her basic
salary
120. Compensation/Remuneration formal words used to talk
about pay and benefits, especially those of senior managers
which are received if they are forced to leave the
organization
121. Compensation package/Remuneration package formal
words used in US to talk about pay and benefits, that
employees receive
122. Share/stock options for senior executives - the right to
buy the companys shares at low prices
123. Performance-related bonuses all the special payment that
an employed person receives for performing well in his/her
job
124. Severance package money as a compensation payment
and benefits that a manager receives from a severance
package
125. Fat cats informal words used to characterize executives
with very high pay and good benefits

(Unit 8. Employment.New Market Leader Int.BC)

126. Headhunting it refers to stealing employees from
companies

127. Action points what needs to be done after the meeting,

and by whom
128. Chairperson the person in charge of the meeting
129. Propose to make a suggestion formally
130. Attend to go to a meeting
131. To send your apologies to say that you cannot go to a
meeting
132. Item one topic on the list
133. Vote a method of making a decision
134. Any other business(AOB) the last topic on the list
135. Participants the people at the meeting
136. Second to support a formal suggestion
137. Minutes an official record of what was said and/or
decided
138. Agenda a list of topics to be discussed
139. Mentor it means an older, more experienced person who
helps you
140. Fast-tracking usually leads to quick promotion
141. Pep-talk it means a short chat to motivate staff

(Unit 7. Labour Relations.EnglBusStud2Ed)

142. Collective bargaining negotiations between unions and
employers about their members wages and working
conditions
143. A strike a stoppage of work, as a protest against working
conditions, low pay and so on
144. A go slow(GB)/ Slowdown(US) a deliberate reduction in
the rate of production, as a protest
145. Working-to-rule deliberately obeying every regulation in
an organization, which severely disrupts normal operations

146. Industrial actions to protest outside a factory or other

workplace, and try to persuade workers and delivery drivers
not to enter
147. To picket a general term for strikes, go-slows, work-torules and so on
148. Manual workers people who work with a particular type
of job
149. Consult to ask someones opinion before making a
decision
150. Adversary an opponent or enemy
151. Uneconomic too expensive, wasteful, loss-making
152. Tyranny unlimited and unfairly used power
153. Deregulation ending or relaxing restrictive laws
154. Public sector areas of the economy run by the local or
national government
155. Confrontational - hostile, almost aggressive, seeking
conflicts
156. Conglomerate a large corporation, made up of a group of
companies
(Unit 8. Production.English for business studies 1st.ed.)
157. Capacity-the (maximum) rate of output that can be achieved
from a production process;
158. Component-any of pieces or parts that make up a product,
machine, etc.;
159. Inventory-the stock of any item or resource used in an
organization(including row materials, parts, supplies, work
in process and finished products)
160. Lead time-the time needed to perform an activity;
161. Location-the geographical situation of a factory or other
facilities;

162. Outsourcing/Contracting out-buying products or processed

materials from other companies rather than manufacturing
them;
163. Plant-the buildings, machines, equipment and other
facilities used in production process;
164. Subcontractor-any company that provides goods or services
for another one;
(Unit 8. Production.English for business studies 3rd.ed.)
165. Inventory a companys reserves of raw materials, parts,
work in process, and finished products.
166. Component- any of the pieces or parts that make up a
product or machine.
167. Capacity maximum rate of output that can be achieved
from a product or delivering it to a customer.
168. Plant -collective word for all the buildings, machines,
equipment and other facilities used in the production
process.
169. Location geographical situation of a factory or other
facility.
170. Supply chain network of organizations involved in
producing and delivering goods or services.
171. Outsourcing buying products or processed materials from
other companies rather than manufacturing them.
172. Economies of scale cost savings resulting from largescale production.
173. Lead time time needed to perform an activity such as
manufacturing a product or delivering it to a customer.
174. Embedded- firmly fixed in something or part of something.
175. Standards of living-the quality of peoples lives
176. Founder-someone who establishes a company

177. Risk premium - potential cost of taking a chance

178. Equity the value of business activity.
179. Disrupting causing trouble and stopping something from
continuing as usual.
180. Exponentially increasing or decreasing more and more
quickly as time passes.
181. Procurement the obtaining of supplies.
182. Prosperity the state of being successful and having a lot of
money.
183. Stability- the situation when something is not likely to
change.
(Unit 10. Quality. English for business.3rd ed.)
184. Bountiful-providing a large amount of good things;
185. Headaches-things that causes difficulties;
186. Regulation-official rules or the act of controlling something
187. Reworking-changing or improving a product or service;
188. Scrapping-getting rid of things which are no longer useful
or wanted;
189. Service-to examine a machine and repair any faulty parts;
190. Warranties-guarantees written promises to repair or
replace products that develop a fault;