I.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.
1. I know that it was wrong of me to make fun of the teacher. OUGHT
I know that I ought not to have laughed at my teacher.
2. The bank probably won't give you such a big loan. DOUBTFUL
It is doubtful the bank would lend you that much money.
3. The crisis must be handled very carefully. BETTER
You had better deal with the crisis very carefully.

II. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
According to a new study, young teenagers can become (1) addicted to cigarettes more easily than
previously believed. Researchers have found that as few as two cigarettes a day could/ might (2) be
enough to lead to addiction and that this might occur even before smoking becomes an everyday habit.
The students who were (3) involved in the study were interviewed regularly over a four-year period.
During the interviews, they had (4) to answer questions about their smoking habits and addiction
symptoms. Their/ The (5) responses were revealing. Some participants claimed that although they
smoked just a few cigarettes a month, they still suffered unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when/ if (6)
they tried to stop, including the feeling that they must (7) have a cigarette no matter what.
Such claims should (8) not surprise us since the nicotine from a single cigarette is sometimes all it takes
to trigger addiction, possibly because young people's brains are still immature, causing them to become
addicted more quickly than (9) adults. Adolescents who have just one cigarette a week soon find they
need (10) to smoke more often than they used to (11) as their tolerance to nicotine increases.
Unfortunately, many of those who smoke that first cigarette are (12) condemning themselves to a lifetime
struggle against their addiction, and may never be able (13) to give it up. The harsh reality of teenage
smoking is that approximately one-third of (14) all young smokers will ultimately die prematurely as a
result of their tobacco addiction. For these victims, their fate may well have (15) been sealed with their
first few puffs.

III. Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
1. Some people see colour when they hear particular sounds. Similarly, a smell or taste may be perceived as a
reaction to information received from the eyes.
a. differ
b. view
c. see
d. mind
a. retained
b. perceived c. thought
d. responded

2. Scientists at Cambridge University conducted experiments to determine whether this is actually a

product of mental activity or if some individuals are just highly imaginative. They discovered that
synaesthetes, people who experience synaesthesia, consistently associate the same letters or words with
the same colours. Brain scans revealed unusual activity in the brain when subjects were listening to
words, suggesting that it is a physical condition. The most plausible explanation is that synaesthetes have
slightly different connections between the areas of the brain which control their senses. Synaesthesia is
not a medical problem, however, and synaesthetes often benefit from an unusually good memory,
probably because they have extra information to help them recall things like names and numbers.
a. achieved
b. objected
a. deeply
b. utterly
a. perfectly
b. earnestly
a. unusual
b. infallible
a. consciences b. attitudes
a. approve
b. sting
a. recall
b. remind

c. subjected
c. highly
c. practically
c. insecure
c. senses
c. cure
c. react

d. conducted
d. fully
d. consistently
d. incapable
d. conditions
d. benefit
d. reminisce

3. Health experts have long recognized a connection between exercise and mental well- being. A
recent study has determined how much activity it takes to improve your state of mind and reduce
the risk of depression .
a. well-being b. administration
c. expectancy d. experience
a. wants
b. ought
c. takes
d. needs
a. symptom b. depression
c. ailment
d. destruction
4. 20 minutes of exercise or physical activity per week makes the difference, as long as it is strenuous
enough to make you breathless.
a. it
b. they
c. nothing
d. activity
5. From a hygiene point of view, it could also boost your mental health. This could be because the
brain is a physical organ just like the lungs and heart, and so it makes sense that it benefits from
exercise in a similar way. The exact connection between exercise and mental health is not yet
known, but one group of scientists is researching new drug treatments which could have the same
uplifting effect as exercise.
a. does
b. hygiene
c. cure
d. recovery
a. could
b. shall
c. can't
d. supposed
a. joint
b. organ
c. posture
d. asset
a. logic
b. purpose
c. sense
d. likely
a. of
b. to
c. from
d. in
a. yet
b. already
c. sill
d. ever
a meditations b. treatments
c. vaccinations
d. alleviations

IV. Use the words given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same
line.
1. According to a recently (RECENT) published study, people who only get six or seven hours of sleep
have longer life expectancy (EXPECT) than those who sleep eight or more hours. "The idea that we need
eight hours of sleep is completely unscientific (SCIENCE)," said Professor Daniel Kripke.

2. Investigators relied on people's own accounts of how long they slept, which could be rather imprecise
(PRECISE), as no one really knows when they fall asleep.
3. It seems that a good night's rest is becoming increasingly (INCREASE) rare.
V. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
Picture this scene: a group of pet owners in a local park, sitting and chatting while (1) their pets chase
balls and get into trouble. You would (2) be forgiven for thinking that there is nothing unusual in this. But
one (3) thing is strange about this scene - all the dogs are robots. In the past/ last (4) few years, more than
100,000 AIBOs - computer-controlled robot pets - have been (5) sold, and they are now a worldwide
phenomenon. Whoever invented the AIBO must have ( 6 ) spent hours studying dog behaviour because the
robot's behaviour is uncannily realistic. They are programmed to react to (7) voices, sounds and their
surroundings, and although they are not able (8) to see, they can perceive some colour and are attracted
to pink. However, an AIBO won't always chase after a pink object - sometimes it will wander off in (9) the
opposite direction. AIBOs are programmed to behave unpredictably in order to give the
impression that they act on (10) impulse like real animals. AIBOs also mature emotionally, which means
their behaviour changes as they get older. AIBO owners name their robots and they boast about (11) what
they can do and how (12) they have changed since (13) they were "little", However, robot pets differ from
(14) real ones in one important sense - there is a switch so these pets can be (15) turned off when you
want some peace and quiet.

VI. Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
1. Shelley was stung by her friend's cruel remarks.
Have you ever been stung by a wasp?
My eyes stung because I'd been sitting too close to the fire.
2. Tom hasn't stopped eating - he has such a healthy appetite today.
With both of us working full-time, we've got a healthy bank balance at last.
Preventive medicine aims at keeping people healthy rather than trying to cure disease.
3. The national health system is failing! I blame the previous government for cutting back on spending.
The committee must decide who is to blame for the mix up.
Marcus tried to blame the accident on his sister to avoid being punished.
4. With young children in the house, it's best to have a thermometer on hand.
How many bones are there in the human hand?
She has to have all her shoes specially made by hand.
5. The health minister claimed to be fully aware 'of all aspects of the crisis,
My gran still hasn't fully recovered from the fall she had last month.
Helen fully expected to win first prize in the competition.
6. Jim is always getting lost because he has no sense of direction.
She heard conflicting opinions and in the end, she used her common sense.
It makes sense to listen to your doctor's advice.

VII. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. I wonder if I might ask you some questions for our survey.
a. might ask you
b. would ask you
c. am able to ask
d. shall I ask you
2. Chris is forever making insensitive comments.
a. has ever made
b. always will make
c. forever makes
d. is forever making
3. Children under 12 are not supposed to travel in the front seat of a car.
a. could not to travel b. had better not to travel
c. ought to not travel d. are not supposed to travel
4. A traumatic experience in childhood can scar a person for life.
a. sting
b. infect
c. blur
d. scar
5. I couldnt help feeling apprehensive about appearing on TV.
a. apprehensive
b. compulsive
c. innovative
d. supportive
6. One of the perks of working at a pizza restaurant is the free food.
a. perks
b. twists
c. prescriptions
d. ailments
7. After years of experience, she is now adept at handling crises in the office.
a. focused
b. immune
c. adept
d. conscious
8. I knew about Jims problem because he had confided in me earlier.
a. confided
b. inspired
c. discussed
d. notified
9. Whats the earliest memory that you can recall?
a. remind
b. reminisce
c. recall
d. retain
10. The open- air theater was the perfect venue for a Greek tragedy.
a. scenery
b. perspective
c. domain
d. venue
11. The teachers pack consists of extra worksheets and a DVD for classroom use.
a. conducts
b. consists
c. characterizes
d. contributes

I. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.
1. I know that it was wrong of me to make fun of the teacher. OUGHT
I know that ________________________________________________________ at my teacher.
2. The bank probably won't give you such a big loan. DOUBTFUL
It __________________________________________________________ you that much money.
3. The crisis must be handled very carefully. BETTER
You __________________________________________________ with the crisis very carefully.

II. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
According to a new study, young teenagers can _______ (1) addicted to cigarettes more easily than
previously believed. Researchers have found that as few as two cigarettes a day _______ (2) be enough to
lead to addiction and that this might occur even before smoking becomes an everyday habit.
The students who _______ (3) involved in the study were interviewed regularly over a four-year period.
During the interviews, they _______ (4) to answer questions about their smoking habits and addiction
symptoms. _______ (5) responses were revealing. Some participants claimed that although they smoked
just a few cigarettes a month, they still suffered unpleasant withdrawal symptoms _______ (6) they tried
to stop, including the feeling that they _______ (7) have a cigarette no matter what.
Such claims _______ (8) not surprise us since the nicotine from a single cigarette is sometimes all it
takes to trigger addiction, possibly because young people's brains are still immature, causing them to
become addicted more quickly _______ (9) adults. Adolescents who have just one cigarette a week soon
find they _______ (10) to smoke more often than they used _______ (11) as their tolerance to nicotine
increases.
Unfortunately, many of those who smoke that first cigarette _______ (12) condemning themselves to a
lifetime struggle against their addiction, and may never be _______ (13) to give it up. The harsh reality of
teenage smoking is that approximately one-third _______ (14) all young smokers will ultimately die
prematurely as a result of their tobacco addiction. For these victims, their fate may well _______ (15)
been sealed with their first few puffs.

III. Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
1. Some people _______ colour when they hear particular sounds. Similarly, a smell or taste may be _______
as a reaction to information received from the eyes.
a. differ
b. view
c. see
d. mind
a. retained
b. perceived c. thought
d. responded

2. Scientists at Cambridge University _______ experiments to determine whether this is actually a

product of mental activity or if some individuals are just _______ imaginative. They discovered that
synaesthetes, people who experience synaesthesia, _______ associate the same letters or words with the
same colours. Brain scans revealed _______ activity in the brain when subjects were listening to words,
suggesting that it is a physical condition. The most plausible explanation is that synaesthetes have slightly
different connections between the areas of the brain which control their _______. Synaesthesia is not a
medical problem, however, and synaesthetes often _______ from an unusually good memory, probably
because they have extra information to help them _______ things like names and numbers.
a. achieved
b. objected
a. deeply
b. utterly
a. perfectly
b. earnestly
a. unusual
b. infallible
a. consciences b. attitudes
a. approve
b. sting
a. recall
b. remind

c. subjected
c. highly
c. practically
c. insecure
c. senses
c. cure
c. react

d. conducted
d. fully
d. consistently
d. incapable
d. conditions
d. benefit
d. reminisce

3. Health experts have long recognized a connection between exercise and mental _______. A
recent study has determined how much activity it _______ to improve your state of mind and reduce
the risk of _______ .
a. well-being b. administration
c. expectancy d. experience
a. wants
b. ought
c. takes
d. needs
a. symptom b. depression
c. ailment
d. destruction
4. 20 minutes of exercise or physical activity per week makes the difference, as long as _______ is
strenuous enough to make you breathless.
a. it
b. they
c. nothing
d. activity
5. From a _______ point of view, it could also boost your mental health. This _______ be because the
brain is a physical _______ just like the lungs and heart, and so it makes _______ that it benefits
_______ exercise in a similar way. The exact connection between exercise and mental health is not
_______ known, but one group of scientists is researching new drug _______ which could have the
same uplifting effect as exercise.
a. does
b. hygiene
c. cure
d. recovery
a. could
b. shall
c. can't
d. supposed
a. joint
b. organ
c. posture
d. asset
a. logic
b. purpose
c. sense
d. likely
a. of
b. to
c. from
d. in
a. yet
b. already
c. sill
d. ever
a meditations b. treatments
c. vaccinations
d. alleviations

IV. Use the words given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same
line.
1. According to a _______ (RECENT) published study, people who only get six or seven hours of sleep
have longer life _______ (EXPECT) than those who sleep eight or more hours. "The idea that we need
eight hours of sleep is completely _______ (SCIENCE)," said Professor Daniel Kripke.

2. Investigators relied on people's own accounts of how long they slept, which could be rather _______
(PRECISE), as no one really knows when they fall asleep.
3. It seems that a good night's rest is becoming _______ (INCREASE) rare.
V. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
Picture this scene: a group of pet owners in a local park, sitting and chatting _______ (1) their pets chase
balls and get into trouble. You _______ (2) be forgiven for thinking that there is nothing unusual in this.
But _______ (3) thing is strange about this scene - all the dogs are robots. In the _______ (4) few years,
more than 100,000 AIBOs - computer-controlled robot pets - have _______ (5) sold, and they are now a
worldwide phenomenon. Whoever invented the AIBO must _______ ( 6 ) spent hours studying dog
behaviour because the robot's behaviour is uncannily realistic. They are programmed to react _______ (7)
voices, sounds and their surroundings, and although they are not _______ (8) to see, they can perceive
some colour and are attracted to pink. However, an AIBO won't always chase after a pink object sometimes it will wander off _______ (9) the opposite direction. AIBOs are programmed to behave
unpredictably in order to give the impression that they act _______ (10) impulse like real animals.
AIBOs also mature emotionally, which means their behaviour changes as they get older. AIBO owners
name their robots and they boast _______ (11) what they can do and _______ (12) they have changed
_______ (13) they were "little", However, robot pets differ _______ (14) real ones in one important sense there is a switch so these pets can _______ (15) turned off when you want some peace and quiet.

VI. Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
1. Shelley was _______ by her friend's cruel remarks.
Have you ever been _______ by a wasp?
My eyes _______ because I'd been sitting too close to the fire.
2. Tom hasn't stopped eating - he has such a _______ appetite today.
With both of us working full-time, we've got a _______ bank balance at last.
Preventive medicine aims at keeping people _______ rather than trying to cure disease.
3. The national health system is failing! I _______ the previous government for cutting back on spending.
The committee must decide who is to _______ for the mix up.
Marcus tried to _______ the accident on his sister to avoid being punished.
4. With young children in the house, it's best to have a thermometer on _______.
How many bones are there in the human _______?
She has to have all her shoes specially made by _______.
5. The health minister claimed to be _______ aware 'of all aspects of the crisis,
My gran still hasn't _______ recovered from the fall she had last month.
Helen _______ expected to win first prize in the competition.
6. Jim is always getting lost because he has no _______ of direction.
She heard conflicting opinions and in the end, she used her common _______.
It makes _______ to listen to your doctor's advice.

VII. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. I wonder if I _______some questions for our survey.
a. might ask you
b. would ask you
c. am able to ask
d. shall I ask you
2. Chris _______ insensitive comments.
a. has ever made
b. always will make
c. forever makes
d. is forever making
3. Children under 12 _______ in the front seat of a car.
a. could not to travel b. had better not to travel
c. ought to not travel d. are not supposed to travel
4. A traumatic experience in childhood can _______ a person for life.
a. sting
b. infect
c. blur
d. scar
5. I couldnt help feeling _______ about appearing on TV.
a. apprehensive
b. compulsive
c. innovative
d. supportive
6. One of the _______ of working at a pizza restaurant is the free food.
a. perks
b. twists
c. prescriptions
d. ailments
7. After years of experience, she is now _______ at handling crises in the office.
a. focused
b. immune
c. adept
d. conscious
8. I knew about Jims problem because he had _______ in me earlier.
a. confided
b. inspired
c. discussed
d. notified
9. Whats the earliest memory that you can _______l?
a. remind
b. reminisce
c. recall
d. retain
10. The open- air theater was the perfect _______ for a Greek tragedy.
a. scenery
b. perspective
c. domain
d. venue
11. The teachers pack _______ of extra worksheets and a DVD for classroom use.
a. conducts
b. consists
c. characterizes
d. contributes