Moved to: http://amasci.com/tesla/wire1.

html
See original version below:

From: Thomas McGahee [SMTP:tom_mcgahee@sigmais.com]

Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 1998 10:40 AM
To: Tesla-2; tesla@pupman.com
Subject: AWG WIRE TABLE for Coilers
Fellow Coilers,
Attached is a plain ASCII text file AWG2.TXT
This file contains a Wire Chart for AWG Gauge
wire from #0000 to #40. It has extra goodies that I
thought coilers would enjoy, such as Turns Per Inch
and Feet Per Pound as well as resistance values.
I do not usually send attachments with my posts to the
TESLA and TESLA-2 lists, but I decided to send this as
an attachment to ensure that it gets through intact,
as it is a table that is more than 120 characters wide.
To print it on paper you may need to print it in a small font
or in landscape mode.
As it is, you should print it using a monospaced font, such
as Courier. Otherwise It may not print out in columns properly.
I hope that this Table of wire info is useful to many of
you. If there is enough demand for it, I could modify
the program I wrote so that it would produce also a
metric table. But I wanted to get the inch-based version
out to all of you as soon as it was finished.
Hope this helps,
Fr. Tom McGahee

AWG AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE TABLE FOR BARE COPPER WIRE

Compiled by Fr. Thomas McGahee tom_mcgahee@sigmais.com
This Table may be copied freely so long as credit is given to the author.
Originally compiled for use by those building Tesla coils on the TESLA and
TESLA-2 internet mailing lists.

Compiled in April 1998 based on information derived from various sources.

Since there were some discrepancies between data sources, the author has chosen
not to just copy the numbers found in those sources, but rather to write a
program that would generate the data based on a Best Fit mathematical model.
The author has checked the Diameter in mils results against the data contained i
n the
MACHINERY'S HANDBOOK, Twenty-First Edition, 1982, published by Industrial Press
Inc.
All numbers shown are accurate to +/- 1 in the least significant digit position.
Column headings have been repeated to make the list more readable
AWG = American Wire Gauge size from 0000 to 40
Dia-mils = Diameter in mils (1 mil = .001 inch)
TPI = Turns Per Inch [Note that this is for BARE WIRE. Insulation thickness vari
es]
Dia-mm = Diameter in millimeters. This was included to help when dealing with me
tric Coilers.
Circ-mils = Cross sectional Area in Circular Mils. ( circular mils = diameter in
mils squared )
Ohms/Kft = Ohms Per 1,000 ft.
Ft/Ohm = Number of feet required for 1 Ohm of resistance
Ft/Lb = Feet Per Pound
Ohms/Lb = Ohms Per Pound
Lb/Kft = Pounds Per 1,000 feet
*AMPS = Conservative Amp Rating based on 750 circulare mils per Amp
MaxAmps = Maximum allowable current based on 500 circular mils per Amp. Do NOT e
xceed this rating.

AWG
Ohms/Lb
0000
0.0001
000
0.0001
00
0.0002
AWG
Ohms/Lb
0
0.0003
1
0.0005
2
0.0008
3
0.0012
4
0.0020
5
0.0031
6
0.0050
7
0.0079

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
459.99
640.48
409.63
507.93
364.79
402.80

2.1740
282.12
2.4412
223.73
2.7413
177.43

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
324.85
319.44
289.29
253.33
257.62
200.90
229.42
159.32
204.30
126.35
181.94
100.20
162.02
79.460
144.28
63.014

3.0783
140.71
3.4567
111.59
3.8817
88.492
4.3588
70.177
4.8947
55.653
5.4964
44.135
6.1721
35.001
6.9308
27.757

Dia-mm
MaxAmps
11.684
423.18
10.405
335.60
9.2657
266.14
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
8.2513
211.06
7.3480
167.38
6.5436
132.74
5.8272
105.27
5.1893
83.480
4.6212
66.203
4.1153
52.501
3.6648
41.635

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

211592

0.0490

20402

1.5613

167800

0.0618

16180

1.9688

133072

0.0779

12831

2.4826

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

105531

0.0983

10175

3.1305

83690

0.1239

8069.5

3.9475

66369

0.1563

6399.4

4.9777

52633

0.1970

5075.0

6.2767

41740

0.2485

4024.7

7.9148

33101

0.3133

3191.7

9.9804

26251

0.3951

2531.1

12.585

20818

0.4982

2007.3

15.869

8
0.0126
9
0.0200
AWG
Ohms/Lb
10
0.0318
11
0.0505
12
0.0804
13
0.1278
14
0.2031
15
0.3230
16
0.5136
17
0.8167
18
1.2986
19
2.0648
AWG
Ohms/Lb
20
3.2832
21
5.2205
22
8.3009
23
13.199
24
20.987
25
33.371
26
53.061
27
84.371
28
134.15
29
213.31
AWG
Ohms/Lb
30
339.18
31
539.32

128.49
49.973
114.42
39.630

7.7828
22.012
8.7396
17.456

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
101.90
31.428
90.741
24.924
80.807
19.765
71.961
15.675
64.083
12.431
57.067
9.8579
50.820
7.8177
45.257
6.1997
40.302
4.9166
35.890
3.8991

9.8140
13.844
11.020
10.978
12.375
8.7064
13.896
6.9045
15.605
5.4755
17.523
4.3423
19.677
3.4436
22.096
2.7309
24.813
2.1657
27.863
1.7175

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
31.961
3.0921
28.462
2.4521
25.346
1.9446
22.572
1.5422
20.101
1.2230
17.900
0.9699
15.940
0.7692
14.195
0.6100
12.641
0.4837
11.257
0.3836

31.288
1.3620
35.134
1.0801
39.453
0.8566
44.304
0.6793
49.750
0.5387
55.866
0.4272
62.733
0.3388
70.445
0.2687
79.105
0.2131
88.830
0.1690

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
10.025
0.3042
8.9276
0.2413

99.750
0.1340
112.01
0.1063

3.2636
33.018
2.9063
26.185
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
2.5881
20.765
2.3048
16.468
2.0525
13.060
1.8278
10.357
1.6277
8.2132
1.4495
6.5134
1.2908
5.1654
1.1495
4.0963
1.0237
3.2485
0.9116
2.5762
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
0.8118
2.0430
0.7229
1.6202
0.6438
1.2849
0.5733
1.0190
0.5106
0.8081
0.4547
0.6408
0.4049
0.5082
0.3606
0.4030
0.3211
0.3196
0.2859
0.2535
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
0.2546
0.2010
0.2268
0.1594

16509

0.6282

1591.8

20.011

13092

0.7921

1262.4

25.233

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

10383

0.9989

1001.1

31.819

8233.9

1.2596

793.93

40.122

6529.8

1.5883

629.61

50.593

5178.3

2.0028

499.31

63.797

4106.6

2.5255

395.97

80.447

3256.7

3.1845

314.02

101.44

2582.7

4.0156

249.03

127.91

2048.2

5.0636

197.49

161.30

1624.3

6.3851

156.62

203.39

1288.1

8.0514

124.20

256.47

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

1021.5

10.153

98.496

323.41

810.10

12.802

78.111

407.81

642.44

16.143

61.945

514.23

509.48

20.356

49.125

648.44

404.03

25.669

38.958

817.66

320.41

32.368

30.895

1031.1

254.10

40.815

24.501

1300.1

201.51

51.467

19.430

1639.4

159.80

64.898

15.409

2067.3

126.73

81.835

12.220

2606.8

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

100.50

103.19

9.6906

3287.1

79.702

130.12

7.6850

4145.0

32
857.55
33
1363.6
34
2168.1
35
3447.5
36
5481.7
37
8716.2
38
13859
39
22037
AWG
Ohms/Lb
40
35040

7.9503
0.1913
7.0799
0.1517
6.3048
0.1203
5.6146
0.0954
5.0000
0.0757
4.4526
0.0600
3.9652
0.0476
3.5311
0.0377

125.78
0.0843
141.24
0.0668
158.61
0.0530
178.11
0.0420
200.00
0.0333
224.59
0.0264
252.20
0.0210
283.20
0.0166

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps

0.2019
0.1264
0.1798
0.1003
0.1601
0.0795
0.1426
0.0630
0.1270
0.0500
0.1131
0.0397
0.1007
0.0314
0.0897
0.0249

3.1445
0.0299

Dia-mm
MaxAmps

318.01
0.0132

0.0799
0.0198

63.207

164.08

6.0945

5226.7

50.125

206.90

4.8332

6590.8

39.751

260.90

3.8329

8310.8

31.524

328.99

3.0396

10480

25.000

414.85

2.4105

13215

19.826

523.11

1.9116

16663

15.723

659.63

1.5160

21012

12.469

831.78

1.2022

26496

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

9.8880

1048.9

0.9534

-----------------------From richard.quick@slug.orgSat Sep 2 13:01:29 1995

Date: Mon, 28 Aug 1995 22:24:22 -0600
From: Richard Quick <richard.quick@slug.org>
Reply to: usa-tesla@usa.net
To: billbeskimo.com
Subject: AWG Wire Chart
AWG
SIZE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

D.C. OHMS
PER 1000 FT
.1264
.1593
.2009
.2533
.3195
.4028
.5080
.6405
.8077
1.018
1.284
1.619
2.042
2.524
3.181
4.018
5.054
6.386
8.046
10.13
12.77
16.20

WIRE DIAM
INCHES
.2893
.2576
.2294
.2043
.1819
.1620
.1443
.1286
.1144
.1019
.0907
.0808
.0720
.0641
.0571
.0508
.0453
.0403
.0359
.0320
.0285
.0253

APPROX. TURNS PER

INCH, SOLID ENAMEL
COVERED
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
7.6
8.6
9.6
10.7
12.0
13.5
15
16.8
18.9
21.2
23.6
26.4
29.4
33.1
37.0

FEET PER
POUND
3.947
4.977
6.276
7.914
9.980
12.58
15.87
20.01
25.23
31.82
40.12
50.59
63.80
80.44
101.40
127.90
161.3
203.4
256.5
323.4
407.8
514.2

Ft/Lb
33410

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47

20.30
25.67
32.37
41.02
51.44
65.31
81.21
103.7
130.9
162.0
205.7
261.3
330.7
414.8
512.1
648.2
846.6
1079
1323
1659
2143
2593
3348
4207
5291

.0226
.0201
.0179
.0159
.0142
.0126
.0113
.0100
.0089
.0080
.0071
.0063
.0056
.0050
.0045
.0040
.0036
.0031
.0028
.0025
.0022
.0020
.00176
.00157
.00140

41.3
46.3
51.7
58.0
64.9
72.7
81.6
90.5
101
113
127
143
158
175
198
224
248
282

648.4
817.7
1031
1300
1639
2067
2607
3287
4145
5227
6591
8310
10480
13210
16660
21010
26500
33410

************************************************************************
For winding Tesla secondary coils the general consensus is to use
number 22 AWG, or larger diameter, double Formvar Magnet wire. Often
surplus partial spools of odd wire sizes are found, so I took time to
post a more complete chart of AWG numbers and fractional diameters
than is usually available. All information above is approximate
despite the decimal places. Wire diameter, turns per inch, resistance,
feet per pound, etc. all vary slightly from one manufacturer to another.
Insulation thicknesses will vary depending upon type and the supplier.
Turns per inch will also vary with the quality of the winding. In
practice, Tesla coil windings are not perfect (nor do they need to be)
so expect some slight variations from the specification table above.
Richard Quick

.. If all else fails... Throw another megavolt across it!

___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
Moved to: http://amasci.com/tesla/wire1.html
See original version below:

From: Thomas McGahee [SMTP:tom_mcgahee@sigmais.com]

Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 1998 10:40 AM
To: Tesla-2; tesla@pupman.com
Subject: AWG WIRE TABLE for Coilers
Fellow Coilers,
Attached is a plain ASCII text file AWG2.TXT
This file contains a Wire Chart for AWG Gauge
wire from #0000 to #40. It has extra goodies that I
thought coilers would enjoy, such as Turns Per Inch
and Feet Per Pound as well as resistance values.
I do not usually send attachments with my posts to the
TESLA and TESLA-2 lists, but I decided to send this as
an attachment to ensure that it gets through intact,
as it is a table that is more than 120 characters wide.
To print it on paper you may need to print it in a small font
or in landscape mode.
As it is, you should print it using a monospaced font, such
as Courier. Otherwise It may not print out in columns properly.
I hope that this Table of wire info is useful to many of
you. If there is enough demand for it, I could modify
the program I wrote so that it would produce also a
metric table. But I wanted to get the inch-based version
out to all of you as soon as it was finished.
Hope this helps,
Fr. Tom McGahee

AWG AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE TABLE FOR BARE COPPER WIRE

Compiled by Fr. Thomas McGahee tom_mcgahee@sigmais.com
This Table may be copied freely so long as credit is given to the author.
Originally compiled for use by those building Tesla coils on the TESLA and
TESLA-2 internet mailing lists.
Compiled in April 1998 based on information derived from various sources.
Since there were some discrepancies between data sources, the author has chosen
not to just copy the numbers found in those sources, but rather to write a
program that would generate the data based on a Best Fit mathematical model.
The author has checked the Diameter in mils results against the data contained i
n the
MACHINERY'S HANDBOOK, Twenty-First Edition, 1982, published by Industrial Press
Inc.
All numbers shown are accurate to +/- 1 in the least significant digit position.
Column headings have been repeated to make the list more readable
AWG = American Wire Gauge size from 0000 to 40

Dia-mils = Diameter in mils (1 mil = .001 inch)

TPI = Turns Per Inch [Note that this is for BARE WIRE. Insulation thickness vari
es]
Dia-mm = Diameter in millimeters. This was included to help when dealing with me
tric Coilers.
Circ-mils = Cross sectional Area in Circular Mils. ( circular mils = diameter in
mils squared )
Ohms/Kft = Ohms Per 1,000 ft.
Ft/Ohm = Number of feet required for 1 Ohm of resistance
Ft/Lb = Feet Per Pound
Ohms/Lb = Ohms Per Pound
Lb/Kft = Pounds Per 1,000 feet
*AMPS = Conservative Amp Rating based on 750 circulare mils per Amp
MaxAmps = Maximum allowable current based on 500 circular mils per Amp. Do NOT e
xceed this rating.

AWG
Ohms/Lb
0000
0.0001
000
0.0001
00
0.0002
AWG
Ohms/Lb
0
0.0003
1
0.0005
2
0.0008
3
0.0012
4
0.0020
5
0.0031
6
0.0050
7
0.0079
8
0.0126
9
0.0200
AWG
Ohms/Lb
10
0.0318
11
0.0505
12

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
459.99
640.48
409.63
507.93
364.79
402.80

2.1740
282.12
2.4412
223.73
2.7413
177.43

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
324.85
319.44
289.29
253.33
257.62
200.90
229.42
159.32
204.30
126.35
181.94
100.20
162.02
79.460
144.28
63.014
128.49
49.973
114.42
39.630

3.0783
140.71
3.4567
111.59
3.8817
88.492
4.3588
70.177
4.8947
55.653
5.4964
44.135
6.1721
35.001
6.9308
27.757
7.7828
22.012
8.7396
17.456

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
101.90
31.428
90.741
24.924
80.807

9.8140
13.844
11.020
10.978
12.375

Dia-mm
MaxAmps
11.684
423.18
10.405
335.60
9.2657
266.14
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
8.2513
211.06
7.3480
167.38
6.5436
132.74
5.8272
105.27
5.1893
83.480
4.6212
66.203
4.1153
52.501
3.6648
41.635
3.2636
33.018
2.9063
26.185
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
2.5881
20.765
2.3048
16.468
2.0525

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

211592

0.0490

20402

1.5613

167800

0.0618

16180

1.9688

133072

0.0779

12831

2.4826

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

105531

0.0983

10175

3.1305

83690

0.1239

8069.5

3.9475

66369

0.1563

6399.4

4.9777

52633

0.1970

5075.0

6.2767

41740

0.2485

4024.7

7.9148

33101

0.3133

3191.7

9.9804

26251

0.3951

2531.1

12.585

20818

0.4982

2007.3

15.869

16509

0.6282

1591.8

20.011

13092

0.7921

1262.4

25.233

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

10383

0.9989

1001.1

31.819

8233.9

1.2596

793.93

40.122

6529.8

1.5883

629.61

50.593

0.0804
13
0.1278
14
0.2031
15
0.3230
16
0.5136
17
0.8167
18
1.2986
19
2.0648
AWG
Ohms/Lb
20
3.2832
21
5.2205
22
8.3009
23
13.199
24
20.987
25
33.371
26
53.061
27
84.371
28
134.15
29
213.31
AWG
Ohms/Lb
30
339.18
31
539.32
32
857.55
33
1363.6
34
2168.1
35
3447.5
36
5481.7
37
8716.2
38

19.765
71.961
15.675
64.083
12.431
57.067
9.8579
50.820
7.8177
45.257
6.1997
40.302
4.9166
35.890
3.8991

8.7064
13.896
6.9045
15.605
5.4755
17.523
4.3423
19.677
3.4436
22.096
2.7309
24.813
2.1657
27.863
1.7175

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
31.961
3.0921
28.462
2.4521
25.346
1.9446
22.572
1.5422
20.101
1.2230
17.900
0.9699
15.940
0.7692
14.195
0.6100
12.641
0.4837
11.257
0.3836

31.288
1.3620
35.134
1.0801
39.453
0.8566
44.304
0.6793
49.750
0.5387
55.866
0.4272
62.733
0.3388
70.445
0.2687
79.105
0.2131
88.830
0.1690

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps
10.025
0.3042
8.9276
0.2413
7.9503
0.1913
7.0799
0.1517
6.3048
0.1203
5.6146
0.0954
5.0000
0.0757
4.4526
0.0600
3.9652

99.750
0.1340
112.01
0.1063
125.78
0.0843
141.24
0.0668
158.61
0.0530
178.11
0.0420
200.00
0.0333
224.59
0.0264
252.20

13.060
1.8278
10.357
1.6277
8.2132
1.4495
6.5134
1.2908
5.1654
1.1495
4.0963
1.0237
3.2485
0.9116
2.5762
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
0.8118
2.0430
0.7229
1.6202
0.6438
1.2849
0.5733
1.0190
0.5106
0.8081
0.4547
0.6408
0.4049
0.5082
0.3606
0.4030
0.3211
0.3196
0.2859
0.2535
Dia-mm
MaxAmps
0.2546
0.2010
0.2268
0.1594
0.2019
0.1264
0.1798
0.1003
0.1601
0.0795
0.1426
0.0630
0.1270
0.0500
0.1131
0.0397
0.1007

5178.3

2.0028

499.31

63.797

4106.6

2.5255

395.97

80.447

3256.7

3.1845

314.02

101.44

2582.7

4.0156

249.03

127.91

2048.2

5.0636

197.49

161.30

1624.3

6.3851

156.62

203.39

1288.1

8.0514

124.20

256.47

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

1021.5

10.153

98.496

323.41

810.10

12.802

78.111

407.81

642.44

16.143

61.945

514.23

509.48

20.356

49.125

648.44

404.03

25.669

38.958

817.66

320.41

32.368

30.895

1031.1

254.10

40.815

24.501

1300.1

201.51

51.467

19.430

1639.4

159.80

64.898

15.409

2067.3

126.73

81.835

12.220

2606.8

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

Ft/Lb

100.50

103.19

9.6906

3287.1

79.702

130.12

7.6850

4145.0

63.207

164.08

6.0945

5226.7

50.125

206.90

4.8332

6590.8

39.751

260.90

3.8329

8310.8

31.524

328.99

3.0396

10480

25.000

414.85

2.4105

13215

19.826

523.11

1.9116

16663

15.723

659.63

1.5160

21012

13859

0.0476
3.5311
0.0377

39
22037
AWG
Ohms/Lb

0.0210
283.20
0.0166

40

Dia-mils TPI
Lb/Kft
*Amps

0.0314
0.0897
0.0249

3.1445
0.0299

35040

Dia-mm
MaxAmps

318.01
0.0132

0.0799
0.0198

12.469

831.78

1.2022

Circ-mils Ohms/Kft Ft/Ohm

9.8880

1048.9

0.9534

-----------------------From richard.quick@slug.orgSat Sep 2 13:01:29 1995

Date: Mon, 28 Aug 1995 22:24:22 -0600
From: Richard Quick <richard.quick@slug.org>
Reply to: usa-tesla@usa.net
To: billbeskimo.com
Subject: AWG Wire Chart
AWG
SIZE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

D.C. OHMS
PER 1000 FT
.1264
.1593
.2009
.2533
.3195
.4028
.5080
.6405
.8077
1.018
1.284
1.619
2.042
2.524
3.181
4.018
5.054
6.386
8.046
10.13
12.77
16.20
20.30
25.67
32.37
41.02
51.44
65.31
81.21
103.7
130.9
162.0
205.7
261.3
330.7

WIRE DIAM
INCHES
.2893
.2576
.2294
.2043
.1819
.1620
.1443
.1286
.1144
.1019
.0907
.0808
.0720
.0641
.0571
.0508
.0453
.0403
.0359
.0320
.0285
.0253
.0226
.0201
.0179
.0159
.0142
.0126
.0113
.0100
.0089
.0080
.0071
.0063
.0056

APPROX. TURNS PER

INCH, SOLID ENAMEL
COVERED
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
7.6
8.6
9.6
10.7
12.0
13.5
15
16.8
18.9
21.2
23.6
26.4
29.4
33.1
37.0
41.3
46.3
51.7
58.0
64.9
72.7
81.6
90.5
101
113
127
143
158

FEET PER
POUND
3.947
4.977
6.276
7.914
9.980
12.58
15.87
20.01
25.23
31.82
40.12
50.59
63.80
80.44
101.40
127.90
161.3
203.4
256.5
323.4
407.8
514.2
648.4
817.7
1031
1300
1639
2067
2607
3287
4145
5227
6591
8310
10480

26496
Ft/Lb
33410

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47

414.8
512.1
648.2
846.6
1079
1323
1659
2143
2593
3348
4207
5291

.0050
.0045
.0040
.0036
.0031
.0028
.0025
.0022
.0020
.00176
.00157
.00140

175
198
224
248
282

13210
16660
21010
26500
33410

************************************************************************
For winding Tesla secondary coils the general consensus is to use
number 22 AWG, or larger diameter, double Formvar Magnet wire. Often
surplus partial spools of odd wire sizes are found, so I took time to
post a more complete chart of AWG numbers and fractional diameters
than is usually available. All information above is approximate
despite the decimal places. Wire diameter, turns per inch, resistance,
feet per pound, etc. all vary slightly from one manufacturer to another.
Insulation thicknesses will vary depending upon type and the supplier.
Turns per inch will also vary with the quality of the winding. In
practice, Tesla coil windings are not perfect (nor do they need to be)
so expect some slight variations from the specification table above.
Richard Quick

.. If all else fails... Throw another megavolt across it!

___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12