OME201101 GSM BTS312

Hardware Structure
ISSUE 4.0

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be

able to:

Know the functions and features of

BTS

Master the BTS hardware structure

Master the signal processing of BTS

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 System Components
Chapter 3 Signal Processing
Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

Internal Use

Location
Um Interface

MS

BTS

BSC
A Interface

MS

M
AP

HLR/AUC/EIR

BTS
BTS

MSC/VLR
MAP

BTS

MS

PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN

TUP,ISUP

SMC/VM

OMC

MS: Mobile Station

BTS: Base Transceiver Station

HLR: Home Location Register

AUC: Authentication Center

EIR: Equipment Identity Register

MSC: Mobile Switching Center

VLR: Visitor Location Register

SMC: Short Message Center

VM: Voice Mailbox

OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center

BSC: Base Station Controller

Internal Use

Features and Functions

High integration and low power consumption

15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmission (15:1)

Support various transmission modes and complex topologies,

e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc.

Support the configuration of up to S24/24/24 and facilitating

expansion

1-minute fast startup

Internal Use

Features and Functions

Support GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM and RGSM

Support GSM PHASE 1PHASE 2 and PHASE 2+

Support GPRS and EDGE

Support baseband hopping and RF hopping

Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR

Support A5/1 and A5/2 encryption/decryption

Internal Use

Hardware Structure
DATA_BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS
External
alarm

External
control
E1

TMU

antenna

CDU

TRX

TRX

CDU

antenna

CDU

antenna

Opt. fiber
xDSL

TES

TEU

TRX
FH_BUS

PSU

PMU
Common Unit

Signal Processing Unit

Antenna Feeder Unit

Internal Use

Cabinet and Boards

TDU
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX

Boards in Cabinet:

CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit

TRX: Transceiver
PMU: Power Monitoring Unit

AIR BOX

FAN BOX

TMU: Timing/Transmission &

Management Unit
PSU: Power Supply Unit
TDU: Time Distribution Unit

TT T T T

MM E E E

U U

UU S U U

TES: Transmission Extension

Power Supply Unit
TEU: Transmission Extension
Unit

AIR BOX

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 System Components
Chapter 3 Signal Processing
Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

Internal Use

Chapter 2 System Componnents

Section 1 Common Unit
Section 2 Signal Processing Unit

10

Internal Use

TMU
Functions of TMU

Provide E1 connection interface

Provide channel multiplexing and flexible networking modes

Provide Man-machine interface (MMI) and operation &

maintenance link

Provide centralized BTS clock

Provide alarm signal input ports

Internal Use

11

Structure of TMU
External synchronous clock

BSC

BIU

MMI (manmachine
Interface)

OMU

Environment
monitors

DBUS

CBUS

EAC

12

Standby
TMU

Standby MCK

MCK

TDU

Extended BIU

TBUS

Internal Use

Indictors on TMU

PW R
RUN
L I1
L I2
L I3
L I4
M /S

Indicator
Name
PWR

Color
Green

Meaning

Flash

Off

RUN

Green

Running State

Flash(0.5Hz): Normal
On or Off: Abnormal

LI1,2,3,4

Green

E1
Transmission

On: Local Alarm

Flash: Remote Alarm
Off: Normal

M/S

Green

Master/Slave
indication

Slow flash(1HZ): Master

Quick flash(2Hz): Slave

Green

Phase
identification
indicator

DBG

T2M
FC K
T13M
MMI

PLL

Normal State

Power

PLL
RST

Explanation
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal

TM U

On: Free oscillation

Quick flash(4Hz):
Catching
Slow flash(1Hz): Locked
Off: Abnormal

On

Master Board: Slow

flash
Slave Board: Quick
flash

Slow flash

Internal Use

13

TDU
Functions of TDU

14

Provide clock channels in one synchronous cell

Transfer E1 signals in the local cabinet

Provide alarming channels

Provide bus-control interfaces

Internal Use

Position of TDU

Internal Use

15

Cabinet-top Connectors

(2) External alarm interface

(EAC1 and EAC2)

(7) Data bus interface

(DCF2)

(8)

(3) 120 E1 interface

(TME1)

(4) Built-in optical

transmission E1 interface
(TRA1, TRA2, TRB1, and
TRB2)

(9) External
synchronous
clock interface
(SYNC)

(10) Grounding cable

interface for combined
cabinet (SHELLGND)

(5)

(6) Clock interface (CKB1 and

CKB2)

(11) External power

cable interface

(12) Feeder input interface

(ANT)

(1)

16

Data bus
interface (DCF1)

Storage battery
management
signal cable
interface (PWRC)

(13)

75 E1 interface (TX and

RX)

Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet

(CDU)

Internal Use

Power Supply

220VAC

When the supply input is 220VAC,the AC/DC

module is used.

-48VDC

When the supply input is -48VDC,the DC/DC

module is used.

+24VDC

When the supply input is +24VDC,neither

DC/DC nor AC/DC module is used.

Internal Use

17

PSU Configuration

mode

Capacity (TRX)

Boards (PSU)

Boards (PMU)

24VDC

1 ~ 12

-48VDC

1~3

4~6

7~9

220VAC

18

10 ~ 12

1~3

4~6

7~9

10 ~ 12

notes

One PSU for

backup

Internal Use

PMU
PMU structure

AC power supply

AC/DC

AC/DC

AC/DC

AC/DC

Load
Fan

Power monitoring
unit PMU

Fuse
Battery

Internal Use

19

FMU
Functions of FMU

20

Fan feeding

Fan revolution speed control

Alarm detection

+24V power supply input interface

Internal Use

10

Chapter 2 System Componnents

Section 1 Common Unit
Section 2 Signal Processing Unit

Internal Use

21

TRX
Functions of TRX

22

Baseband speech processing

Um and Abis interface signaling processing

Modulation and demodulation

RF signal amplification

Internal Use

11

TRX Module Structure

FH_BUS

DBUS
CBUS

Transmitter

PAU

TDP
SCP

CUI

DSP

Receiver

RCU

Diversity
receiver

TBUS
Clock processing part
RPU

TBPU
TBPU:TRX Baseband signal Processing Unit
SCP: Signaling Processing Unit
TDP: Transmitter Driver and PLL Unit
DBUS: Data Bus

RPU:RF signal Processing Unit

DSP: Digital Signal Processing Unit

CBUS: Control Bus

PAU: Power Amplifier Unit

TBUS: Timing Bus

CUI: Carrier Unit Interface

RCU: Receiving Unit

FH_BUS: Frequency Hopping Bus

Internal Use

23

Output Power of TRX

24

Normal: 40W(46dBm) or 60W(48dBm)

EDGE TRX: GMSK: 60W, 8PSK: 40W

Internal Use

12

Alarms of TRX

Over standing wave alarm

When the standing wave ratio at the power amplifier output port
exceeds 1.5, it reports standing wave alarm to the baseband unit

Over-temperature alarm

When the temperature of the power amplifier exceeds 85, the

power amplifier unit reports the over-temperature alarm via the
baseband unit, and automatically turns off the power amplifier

Internal Use

25

Indicators on TRX
TX OUT

PW R

Indicator
Name

Color

PWR

Green

Power

On: Normal
Off: Abnormal

On

RCP

Green

SCP Running
State

Flash(0.5Hz):
Normal
On or Off:
Abnormal

Flash

RDP

Green

DSP Running
State

Flash(0.5Hz):
Normal
On or Off:
Abnormal

Flash

FAIL

Red

Alarm
Indicator

On: Alarm
Off: No alarm

Off

Meaning

RCP

Explanation

Normal
State

RDP
FA IL

RST

MMI

R X A IN

R X B IN

TRX
26

Internal Use

13

CDU
Functions of CDU

Combine and filter transmitted signals

Filter ,amplify and distribute received signals

Provide power for the tower-top amplifier

Alarm detection

Internal Use

27

CDU Structure

TX1
TX2
TX-COMB
TX-DUP
RX1
RX2
RX3
RX4

Combiner

Divider
LNA

HL-out
RX1
RX2
RX3
RX4
HL-in
RXD-out

28

TX/RX-ANT

Duplexer

Divider

LNA

Filter

RXD-ANT

Internal Use

14

Indicators on CDU

Indicator
Name

Color

POWER

Green

Power

On: Normal
Off: Abnormal

On

VSWR1

Yellow

Standing
wave ratio
alarm

On: VSWR is greater

than 1.5 and
less than 2.5
Off: Normal

Off

VSWR2

Red

Standing
wave ratio
alarm

On: VSWR is greater

than 2.5
Off: Normal

Off

TTA

Red

TTA
current
indication

On: TTA current out

of range
Off: Normal

Off

LNA

Red

LNA
current
indication

On: LNA current out

of range
Off: Normal

Off

Meaning

Explanation

Normal
State

Internal Use

29

Rear Panel of CDU

Correspondence between knob setting and current
strength of TTA
Setting

MAIN

DIVERSE

Unit

off

off

100

65

mA

107

100

mA

205

205

mA

Note: MAIN is recommended to be set at 1(100mA),and

DIVERSE to be set at 2(100mA).Other modes of setting
are not recommended
MAIN: TTA power feeding selection knob of main receiving channel
DIVERSE: TTA power feeding selection knob of diversity receiving channel
FUSE :1.5A

30

Internal Use

15

Alarm Detection

VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) monitoring: CDU Monitors the

status of antenna system. When the detected standing wave ratio
exceeds the preset threshold (1.5 or 2.5), CDU will generate
corresponding alarms

Low noise amplifier fault alarm: The signal is extracted from the
power supply current of the low noise amplifier. When the current
exceeds a certain level ,alarm signals are generated

Tower-top amplifier alarm: When there is a tower-top amplifier on

service, the CDU monitors the status of tower-top amplifier by its
working current. If the current exceeds a certain level , alarm signals
are generated

Internal Use

31

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 System Components
Chapter 3 Signal Processing
Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

32

Internal Use

16

Speech Processing

BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS
DBUS

BSC

FH_BUS

BIU
S
C
P

D
S
P

C
U
I

TDP

PAU
RCU

C
D
U

CBUS

OMU

Clock process
RPU
EAC

MCK

TDU

TBPU
TBUS

Internal Use

33

OML Processing

BSC-(TDU)-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU)

DBUS

BSC

FH_BUS

BIU
S
C
P
OMU

D
S
P

C
U
I

TDP

PAU
RCU

C
D
U

CBUS
Clock process
RPU

EAC

MCK

TBPU

TDU
TBUS

34

Internal Use

17

RSL Processing

BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX
DBUS

BSC

FH_BUS

BIU
S
C
P

D
S
P

C
U
I

TDP

PAU
RCU

C
D
U

CBUS

OMU

Clock process
RPU
EAC

MCK

TDU

TBPU
TBUS

Internal Use

35

Clock Processing

BSC (or External Clock) (TDU)-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX

External synchronous clock DBUS

BSC

FH_BUS

BIU
S
C
P
OMU

D
S
P

C
U
I

TDP

PAU
RCU

CBUS
Clock process
RPU

EAC

MCK

TDU

TBPU
TBUS

36

Internal Use

18

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 System Components
Chapter 3 Signal Processing
Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

Internal Use

37

Antenna and Feeder System

Antenna

Antenna
stand
Jumper between
antenna and TTA

Jumper between
lightening arrester
and cabinet

TTA
Lightening
arrester

Jumper between
TTA and feeder

TDU

Feeder

SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX

T T T T

R R R R

X X X X

BTS312
cabinet

AIR BOX

T T T T

R R R R

X X X X

FAN BOX

T T T T
R R R R

X X X X

P P P P P PP

T T TT

S S S S S S M ME E E
U U U U U U U U S UU
AIR BOX

38

Internal Use

19

S1/1/1

TX

TX/RX ANT

COMB
TX COMB

TX OUT

DUP

TX DUP

(TX/RXA)

RX

1:4
RXA

HL OUT
HL IN

RXD ANT

RXB

1:4

(RXB)

RXD OUT

Internal Use

39

S2/2/2

TX

TX OUT

TX/RX ANT

COMB
TX COMB

RXA

DUP

TX DUP

(TX/RXA)

RX

RXB

1:4
HL OUT

TX OUT

HL IN

RXD ANT
1:4

RXA
RXB

40

(RXB)

RXD OUT

Internal Use

20

S4/4/4 2CDU

Duplexer

Combiner

Duplexer

Distributor

Distributor

Combiner

Distributor

Distributor

Internal Use

41

Lightning Arrester

feeder
Lightning Arrester is used to
prevent the equipment from
being

damaged

by

the

lightening current inducted

by the core line of the feeder

jumper

Lightning Arrester

42

Internal Use

21

Types of Main Feeder

7/8 inch

5/4 inch

Cable loss=0.043dB/m

Cable loss=0.032dB/m

1/2 inch jumper

Cable loss=0.11dB/m

Used between the antenna and the main feeder

Between the antenna and the tower-top amplifier

Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester

Internal Use

43

Antenna Pattern

The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of antennas in all

directions

360
Omni Antenna

44

120

90

65

Directional antenna

Internal Use

22

Polarization

Two main types of polarization

Vertical polarization

Horizontal polarization

The types of antenna divided by polarization

Single polarized antenna

> Vertical polarization for GSM
> One port for one feeder

Dual polarized antenna

> +45 degree and -45 degree
> Two ports for two feeders

Internal Use

45

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

23