JNTU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PULIVENDULA

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

II-II B.Tech
COURSE FILE
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Course Description:
Introduction to Data base management system will concentrate on the principles, design,
implementation, and application of database management systems.

Course Objectives:
Student successfully completing this course should be able to:
1. To understand the different issues involved in the design and implementation of a
database system.
2. To study the physical and logical database designs, database Modelling, relational,
hierarchical, and networking models.
3. To understand and use data manipulation languages to query, update, and manage a data
base.
4. To design and build a simple data base system and demonstrate competence with the
fundamental tasks involved with modelling, design, and implementing a DBMS

Learning Outcomes:
Where will this subject help?
(a) Why database design is important
(b) The importance of Data Models
(c) How to retrieve data from data base using quires.
(d) How to maintain a consistent data.
(e) Management of concurrency control.
(f) Over view of Physical storages.

Syllabus:
UNIT-I
Database Systems: Data Vs Information, Introducing the Database and the DBMS-Why
database design is important-Files and File systems-Problems with file system managementDatabase Systems.
Data Models: Data Modelling and Data Models-The importance of Data Models-Data model
basic building blocks-Business rules-The evolution of data models-Degree of data abstraction.
UNIT-II
Entity-Relationship Modelling: The entity Relationship Model(ERM)-Developing an ER
diagram-Database design Challenges: Conflicting goals-The extended Entity relationship ModelEntity clustering-Entity Integrity: Selecting Primary keys-Learning flexible Database DesignData Modelling Checklist.
UNIT-III
The Relational database Model: A logical view of data-keys-Integrity rules-Relational set
operators-The Data Dictionary and the System catalog-Relationships eithin the relational
database-Data Redundancy revisited-Indexes-Codds Relational Database rules.
UNIT-IV
Structured Query Language(SQL): Introduction to SQL-data Definition Commands-Data
Manipulation Commands-SELECT queries-Advanced data definition commands-advanced
SELECT queries-virtual tables: creating a view-Joining database Tables.
Advanced SQL: Relational Set operators-SQL join operators-sub queries and Correlated
Queries-SQL functions-Oracle Sequences-Updatable Views-Procedural SQL-Embedded SQL.
UNIT-V
Normalization of database tables: Database tables and normalization-The need for
normalization-The normalization process-Improving the design-Storage Key considerationsHigher level normal forms-Normalization and database design-De normalization.
UNIT-VI
Transaction Management and Concurrency Control: What is a transaction?-Transaction
State-Implementation of atomicity and durability-Concurrency Control- Serializability-testing
for Serializability -concurrency control with locking methods-Concurrency control with Time

Stamping

Methods-Concurrency

control

with

optimistic

methods-Database

Recovery

Management-Validation Based Protocols-Multiple Granularity.

UNIT-VII
Recovery System: Recovery and atomicity-Log based recovery-Recovery with concurrent
transactions-Buffer Management-Failure with loss of non volatile storage-Advanced Recovery
Techniques-Remote Backup Systems.
UNIT-VIII
File Structure and Indexing: Overview of Physical storage media-Magnetic disks-RAIDTertiary Storage-storage access-File organization-Organization of recors in files-data dictionary
storage-Basic concepts of Indexing-Ordered Indices-B+-Tree Index files-B-Tree Index FilesMultiple Key Access-Static Hashing-Dynamic Hashing-Comparison of ordered Indexing and
Hashing-Bitmap Indices-Indexed Sequential Access Methods (ISAM).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Database Management systems, Peter Rob, A.Anandarao and Carlos Coronel, Cengage
Learning.
2. Database System Concepts, Silberchartz, Korth, Sudarshan, McGraw Hill Edition.
REFERENCES:
1. Database Management Systems, Raghurama Krishnan, Johannes Gehrke,
TATA McGrawHill, III Ed
2. Fundamentals of Database systems, Elmasri, Navathe, Perason Education
3. Introduction to Database Systems, C.J.Date, Pearson Education.
4. Oracle for Professionals, The X team, S.Shah and V.shah, SPD
5. Database systems Using Oracle: A simplified guide to SQL and PL/SQL, Shah, PHI.
6. Fundamentals of Database Management Systems, M.L.Gillenson, Wiley Student Edition.

Lesson Plan:
Topic Details

Hours
Required
For
topics

No of
Hours
Required

Methodology

Observation of student
understanding

UNIT-I
Database

Systems:

Data

Vs

Information,
Introducing the Database and the

Why database design is

11

Lectures

10

Lecture,
Assignment

important

DBMS-Why database design is

important
Files and File systems-Problems
2

with file system

management-Database Systems.
Data Models: Data Modelling and
Data Models-The importance of

Data Models
Data model basic building blocks
2

Business rules
The

evolution

of

data

models
2

Degree of data abstraction.

UNIT-II
Entity-Relationship
The

entity

(a) The

Modelling:
Relationship

Model(ERM)-Developing

an

ER

diagram
Database
Conflicting
Entity

design

Challenges:

goals-The

relationship

extended

Model-Entity

clustering-Entity Integrity: Selecting

importance

of Data Models

Primary

keys-Learning

flexible

Database Design-Data Modelling

2
3

Checklist.
UNIT-III
Lecture

The Relational database Model:

What

A logical view of data-keys-Integrity

relational

databases

rules

is

Relational set operators

The Data Dictionary and the System

catalog
Relationships Within the relational

database
Data Redundancy revisited

Indexes
Codds Relational Database rules.

UNIT-IV
Structured

How to retrieve data

Query

Language(SQL):
Introduction to SQL-data Definition
Commands-Data

Manipulation

queries-Advanced

data

definition commands

advanced SELECT queries

virtual tables: creating a view-

Joining database Tables.

Advanced SQL: Relational Set
operators

from data base using

quires.

Commands
SELECT

Lecture

How frame queries

SQL join operators

sub queries and Correlated Queries

SQL functions-Oracle SequencesUpdatable Views-Procedural SQL-

Embedded SQL.
Lectures,
Assignment
UNIT-V
8

Normalization of database tables:

Database tables and normalization

How

to

maintain

consistent data.

The need for normalization

The

normalization

process2

Improving the designStorage Key considerationsHigher

level

normal

forms-

Normalization and database design2

De normalization.

UNIT-VI

(a) Management

Transaction

Management

and

Lecture

Concurrency Control: What is a

transaction?-Transaction

State-

8
2

Implementation of atomicity and

durability-Concurrency
Serializability-testing

Controlfor

Serializability -concurrency control

with locking methods-Concurrency
control

with

Time

Stamping

Methods-Concurrency control with

optimistic

methods-Database

Recovery

Management-Validation

concurrency
control.

of

Based

Protocols-Multiple
2

Granularity.

UNIT-VII
Recovery System: Recovery and

Lecture

atomicityLog based recovery

Recovery

with

concurrent
1

transactions
Buffer ManagementFailure with loss of non volatile

storage
Advanced

Recovery

Techniques-

Remote Backup Systems.

UNIT-VIII
File

Structure

Overview

of

and
Physical

Indexing:

Lecture
1

media-Magnetic disks
RAID-Tertiary

storage

Storage-storage
1

access
File organization-Organization of
recors

in

files-data

dictionary

storage
Basic concepts of Indexing-Ordered
Indices-B+-Tree Index files-B-Tree

Index Files-Multiple Key AccessStatic Hashing-Dynamic HashingComparison of ordered Indexing and

Hashing-Bitmap

Indices-Indexed
1

Sequential Access Methods (ISAM).

Total No. of Instructional periods available for the course: 68

Course Material:

Important questions:
Unit-I
Short questions:
1. What is a database, dbms, metadata? (*)
2. Explain why DB design is important.
3. What are DB systems?
4. Explain different types of databases?
5. What are the advantages of DBMS?(**)
6. What are keys?
7. List out codds relational DB rules (*)
8. Distinguish between simple and composite attributes
9. Explain DB system environment
10. Explain DB basic building blocks (*)
11. Write about tables and their characteristics
12. What is logical independence? (*)
13. List the limitations of DBMS?(*)
Essay questions:
1. Discuss about historical roots of a database?
2. What are the problems with file system data management?(*)
3. Explain about data redundancy?
4. List and explain the functions and capabilities of DBMS? (*)
5. Describe about data modelling and data models? (*)
6. Explain in detail why database is important?
7. What are business rules? discuss in detail? (**)
8. Explain the evolution of data models? (*)
9. Explain the disadvantages of data models? (*)
10. Explain in brief about the degree of data abstraction? (****)
11. Write about the logical view of data in relational database model.
12. Define a relation? and explain the characteristics of relational table. (*)
13. What is a relationship? Discuss about relationships within the relational database.
14. Define the terms data dictionary and system catalog? (**)
15. What is an index? Explain? (*)
16. Discuss in detail about integrity rule in relational data model. (**)
17. Explain in detail the components of DB system environment? (*)
18. Explain with example the relational set operators. (**)

Unit-II
Short questions:
1. What is an entity,entity type,entity instance and domain? (**)
2. What is a relationship, relationship type and relationship instance.
3. Define data redundancy?
4. What is denormalization?
5. What is a surrogate key?
6. Define ER model? (*)
7. Define functional dependency?
8. What is an entity? Explain different types of entities? (*)
9. What is an attribute? Explain different types of attributes? (***)
10. Explain recursive relationship with example? (**)
11. Explain Degree of relationship? (*)
Essay questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

What is entity relationship model ?explain with example?

What are the basic constructs of ER model.
Discuss about the challenges of DB design conflicting goals.
Explain with example how to develop an ER diagram
What is normalization? Explain about DB tables and normalization(*)
Explain 1st, 2nd and 3rd normal forms(**)
Explain in detail about higher normal forms.
Explain BCNF and 4th normal form with example. (*)
Explain how to improve the DBs ability to provide information and to enhance its
operational characteristics (Improving Design).
10. What is a Surrogate Key? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
11. What is an EER Model and how to represent Supertype and Subtype relationships? (*)
12. Explain Inheritance and Subtype discriminator with examples. (***)
13. Describe in brief about specialization and generalization. (**)
14. What is entity clustering? Explain the use of entity clusters in ERD. (**)
15. What is a Primary Key? Explain some desirable Primary Key characteristics(guidelines).
(*)
16. Explain Learning Flexible DB Design Cases. (*)
17. Explain the usage of composite primary key with an example. (*)
18. Explain with example the disadvantages of storing derived attributes. (*)
Unit III
Short questions:
1. Explain select query in sql
2. Explain how to create table with syntax in sql
3. What are views and indexes? (*)

4. What is a cursor, stored procedures? (*)

5. What are the several parts of sql
6. Explain various data types used is sql and pl/sql (**)
7. What is the syntax to create sequences in oracle?
8. Explain column constraint in sql (*)
9. What is physical security? (*)
10. Define trigger? (**)
Essay questions:
1. List and explain various DML,DDL commands in sql? (*)
2. List out some important sql functions? (**)
3. Explain arithmetic functions? (*)
4. What is a join? Discuss about various joins used in sql? (**)
5. Explain order by, group by and having clauses with example?
6. List and explain sql relational set operators (***)
7. List and explain sql logical operators
8. Explain special operators?
9. Explain in brief about sub queries and correlated queries? (**)
10. Discuss in brief about procedural sql?
11. What is SDLC?explain various steps used in SDLC? (**)
12. What is DBLC? what are the steps involved in DBLC? (**)
13. Discuss in detail about the strategies of DB design
14. Distinguish two different design philosophies in DB design (centralized & decentralized).
15. What is a trigger? explain?
16. Explain various types of cursors?
17. What is exceptional handling with example? (*)
Unit-IV
Short questions:
1. What is concurrency control?
2. Write about distributed transparency
3. What is a transaction? and what is transaction log? (*)
4. What is DDBMS?
5. List the main categories of concurrency control mechanism?
6. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of DDBMS? (*)
7. Explain DDBMS components? (*)
8. What is data fragmentation? (*)
9. Write about transaction ACID rules/transaction properties? (**)
10. Explain different locks? Explain binary lock? (**)
11. Explain deadlock? (*)
12. Explain commit and rollback commands?
13. What is scheduler? (*)

Essay questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is concurrency control? explain the 3 main problems associated with it? (*)
Explain about the concurrency control with locking methods? (*)
Describe in detail about time-stamp based concurrency control method? (**)
Describe in detail about optimistic cc method?
What are the 3 types of DB critical events that can trigger the DB recovery process? give
some examples for each one
6. Explain in detail the need for DB recovery management? (*)
7. Describe the evolution of DDBMS from centralized DBMS to distributed DBMS?
8. What is data replication? Explain 3 replicated strategies? (*)
9. Explain the difference between distributed processing and distributed DB?
10. Explain the characteristics of DDBMS. (**)
11. Discuss in brief about levels of data and process distribution? (*)
12. Explain the distributed database transparency features?
13. Explain the transaction transparency?
14. Explain in detail two phase commit protocol? (**)
15. Explain performance transparency and query optimization?
16. Explain data fragmentation, replication and allocation?(distributed DB design) (**)
17. Explain the difference between distributed DB and client/server architecture
18. Explain how to ensure serializability using two-phase locking? (*)

Unit-V
Short questions:
1. Define OLAP?
2. Define MOLAP?
3. List out the components of star schema (*)
4. What is data mining?
5. What is decision support system?
6. What is data warehouse? (***)
7. List out the benefits of decision support system?
8. List out the advantages of c/s applications?
9. Define data administrator, facts? (*)
10. Data as a corporate assets justify? (*)
11. Describe 12 rules to define data warehouse? (*)
12. Define slice and dice techniques? (*)
Essay questions:
1. Explain in detail the need for data analysis?
2. What are decision support systems and what role do they play in the business
environment?
3. What are the main characteristics of data warehouse? also state its advantages and
disadvantages? And characteristics of operational db data.(*)

4. What is OLAP? What are its main characteristics?

5. What is OLAP? Explain OLAP architecture?(**)
6. Explain what ROLAP is and why you would recommend its use in the relational DB
environment?
7. Discuss the different phases in data-mining process?(**)
8. Write in detail about SQL extension for OLAP
9. Explain the need for and role of DB in an organization.(*)
10. Describe the evolution of DB in an organization.(*)
11. Explain the various types of data dictionary. Explain their features? and case tools.(**)
12. Discuss in brief about managerial and technical roles of DBAs.(**)
13. Compare and contrast the activities and characteristics of data administrator and DBA.(*)
14. Explain with a diagram the tools of business intelligence?(*)
15. Explain the components of business intelligence with a diagram?(*)