Roark's Formulas For Stress and Strain 507-525

Formulas for at plates with straight boundaries and constant thickness
1. Rectangular plate; all

edges simply supported
Case no.,
shape, and supports
1b. Uniform over small

concentric circle of
radius ro (note
denition of r0o )
1a. Uniform over entire

plate
Case no., loading

bqb2
t2
0.2874
0.0444
0.420
1.0
0.435
0.1267
1.0
a=b
b
a
aWb2
Et3
ymax
0.650
0.1478
1.2
0.4530
0.0770
0.478
1.4
0.5172
0.0906
0.491
0.789
0.1621
1.4
0.875
0.1715
1.6

3W
2b
1
n
ln
b
2pt2
pr0o
0.3762
0.0616
0.455
1.2
(At center) smax
b
a
g
a=b
1.6
1.8
0.5688
0.1017
0.499
1.8
aqb4
Et3
0.927
0.1770
and ymax
(At center of long sides) Rmax gqb
(At center) smax sb
0.958
0.1805
2.0
0.6102
0.1110
0.503
2.0
1.000
0.1851
0.7134
0.1335
0.505
3.0
0.7410
0.1400
0.502
4.0
0.7476
0.1417
0.501
5.0
Formulas and tabulated specic values
0.7500
0.1421
0.500
(Ref. 21 for n 0:3)
(Ref. 21 for n 0:3)
NOTATION: The notation for Table 11.2 applies with the following modications: a and b refer to plate dimensions, and when used as subscripts for stress, they refer to the stresses in directions
parallel to the sides a and b, respectively. s is a bending stress which is positive when tensile on the bottom and compressive on the top if loadings are considered vertically downward. R is the
reaction force per unit
length normal to the plate surface exerted by the boundary support on the edge of the plate. r0o is the equivalent radius of contact for a load concentrated on a very small area
p
0
and is given by ro 1:6r2o t2 0:675t if ro < 0:5t and r0o ro if ro 5 0:5t
TABLE 11.4
502
Formulas for Stress and Strain
[CHAP. 11
TABLE 11.4
1e. Uniformly
increasing along
width
1d. Uniformly
increasing along
length
1c. Uniform over

central rectangular
area
1.82
1.39
1.12
0.92
0.76
1.82
1.28
1.07
0.90
0.76
0.63
1.38
1.08
0.84
0.72
0.62
0.52
1.12
0.90
0.72
0.60
0.51
0.42
0.26
0.043
1.5
and
0.34
0.060
2.0
ymax
0.38
0.070
2.5
aqb4
Et3
0.43
0.078
3.0
0.26
0.042
1.5
and
2.5
aqb4
Et3
0.32
0.35
0.056 0.063
2.0
ymax
0.37
0.067
3.0
(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3.)
0.16
0.022
a=b
b
a
bqb2
t2
smax
0.16
0.022
a=b
b
a
bqb2
t2
smax
3.5
0.76
0.63
0.52
0.43
0.36
0.30
1.0
4.0
0.49
0.091
4.0
1.78
1.39
1.10
0.90
0.75
0.38
0.38
0.069 0.070
3.5
0.47
0.086
0.93
0.76
0.62
0.52
0.42
0.35
0.8
where W qa1 b1
ab
0.4
0.6
bW
t2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
a1 =b
b1 =b
0.2
smax sb
(At center)
2.0
1.43
1.13
0.91
0.76
0.62
0.2
1.55
1.23
1.00
0.82
0.68
0.57
1.12
0.95
0.80
0.68
0.57
0.47
a 1:4b
0.4
0.8
Formulas for at plates with straight boundaries and constant thickness (Continued )
0.84
0.74
0.62
0.53
0.45
0.38
1.2
0.75
0.64
0.55
0.47
0.40
0.33
1.4
1.73
1.32
1.04
0.87
0.71
0
1.64
1.31
1.08
0.90
0.76
0.61
0.4
1.20
1.03
0.88
0.76
0.63
0.53
0.97
0.84
0.74
0.64
0.54
0.45
a 2b
0.8
1.2
0.78
0.68
0.60
0.54
0.44
0.38
1.6
0.64
0.57
0.50
0.44
0.38
0.30
2.0
SEC.
11.14]
Flat Plates
503
1f. Uniform over entire

plate plus uniform
tension or
compression
P lb=linear in
applied to short
edges
Case no., loading
0.287
0.487
0.610
0.713
0.741
0.044
0.084
0.110
0.131
0.140
0.287
0.300
0.278
0.246
0.222
0.287
0.487
0.610
0.713
0.741
1
112
2
3
4
1
112
2
3
4
1
112
2
3
4
1
112
2
3
4
bx
by
bx
by
0.039
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.136
0.15
sb max by
0.420
0.624
0.720
0.750
0.750
0.372
0.372
0.330
0.228
0.225
0.060
0.109
0.139
0.145
0.142
0.25
0.75
0.600
0.786
0.900
0.792
0.750
0.606
0.522
0.390
0.228
0.225
0.094
0.155
0.161
0.150
0.142
1.260
1.380
1.020
0.750
0.750
1.236
0.846
0.450
0.210
0.225
0.180
0.237
0.181
0.150
0.138
P, Compression
0.030
0.060
0.084
0.1135
0.1280
P, Tension
0.50
0.132
0.240
0.360
0.510
0.624
0.135
0.150
0.162
0.180
0.192
0.023
0.045
0.067
0.100
0.118
0.084
0.156
0.258
0.414
0.540
0.096
0.105
0.117
0.150
0.168
0.015
0.0305
0.0475
0.081
0.102
0.054
0.114
0.198
0.348
0.480
0.072
0.078
0.093
0.126
0.156
0.011
0.024
0.0375
0.066
0.089
0.036
0.090
0.162
0.294
0.420
0.054
0.066
0.075
0.105
0.138
0.008
0.019
0.030
0.057
0.080
(Ref. 41)
0.030
0.072
0.138
0.258
0.372
0.045
0.048
0.069
0.093
0.124
0.0075
0.0170
0.0260
0.0490
0.072
qb2
a
P
p2 Et3
: Here a; bx ; and by depend on ratios
; where PE
; and have
and
b
PE
t2
31 n2 b2
In the above formulas sa and sb are stresses due to bending only; add direct stress P=t to sa
0.287
0.300
0.278
0.246
0.222
1
112
2
3
4
P=PE
0.044
0.084
0.110
0.133
0.140
a=b
1
112
2
3
4
Coef.
qb4
qb2
sa max bx 2
Et3
t
the following values:
ymax a
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
504
[CHAP. 11
qb4
qb2
sa max bx 2
3
Et
t
the following values:
0.044
0.084
0.110
0.133
0.140
0.287
0.300
0.278
0.246
0.222
0.287
0.487
0.610
0.713
0.741
1
112
2
3
4
1
112
2
3
4
1
112
2
3
4
bx
by
0.222
0.342
0.302
0.444
0.456
0.216
0.204
0.189
0.183
0.183
0.035
0.060
0.075
0.085
0.088
0.15
0.138
0.186
0.216
0.234
0.240
0.132
0.117
0.111
0.108
0.108
0.022
0.035
0.042
0.045
0.046
0.5
0.090
0.108
0.132
0.141
0.144
0.084
0.075
0.072
0.070
0.074
0.015
0.022
0.025
0.026
0.026
0.051
0.066
0.072
0.078
0.078
0.048
0.045
0.044
0.043
0.047
0.008
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.036
0.042
0.051
0.054
0.054
0.033
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.032
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.011
0.011
0.11
0.026
b
a
bqb2
t2
smax
0.50
0.36
0.080
b
a
a=b
0.50
bqb2
t2
a=b
smax
0.20
0.040
1.0
aqb4
Et3
0.67
0.140
1.0
aqb4
Et3
0.28
0.050
1.5
0.77
0.160
1.5
0.32
0.058
2.0
0.79
0.165
2.0
0.35
0.064
2.5
0.80
0.167
4.0
0.36
0.067
3.0
0.37
0.069
3.5
0.37
0.070
4.0
(Ref. 42)
0.024
0.030
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.021
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.024
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.007
(Ref. 8 for v 0:3)
(Ref. 8 for v 0:3)
0.030
0.036
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.026
0.024
0.024
0.025
0.027
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.008
Flat Plates
0.16
0.033
0.667
and ymax
0.45
0.106
0.667
and ymax
qb2
a
P
p2 Et3
and
: Here a; bx ; and by depend on ratios
; where PE
; and have
2
b
PE
t
31 n2 b2
In the above formulas sa and sb are stresses due to bending only; add direct stress P=t to sa and sb :
Coef.
sb max by
P=PE
a=b
ymax a
11.14]
2d. Uniformly
increasing along
the a side

plate
1g. Uniform over entire

plate plus uniform
tension P lb=linear
in applied to all
edges
2. Rectangular plate; three

edges simply supported,
one edge (b) free
TABLE 11.4
SEC.
505
6. Rectangular plate; two

long edges xed, two
short edges simply
supported

plate

plate

plate

one long edge (a) xed
5. Rectangular plate; two

long edges simply
supported, two short
edges xed

plate

one short edge (b) xed
Case no., loading
0.50
0.030
bqb2
t2
0.73
0.101
2.5
0.74
0.122
aqb4
Et3
2.0
ymax
0.67
0.071
1.5
and
0.50
0.030
bqb2
t2
aqb4
Et3
0.73
0.054
2.0
ymax
0.66
0.046
1.5
and
0.74
0.056
2.5
0.4182
0.0210
1.2
aqb4
Et3
0.5208
0.0349
ymax
b
a
0.4182
0.0210
1.2
aqb4
Et3
0.4626
0.0243
ymax
1.6
0.6540
0.0658
1.6
0.4968
0.0273
bqb2
t2
0.4860
0.0262
1.4
smax
0.5988
0.0502
1.4
bqb2
t2
0.74
0.057
3.0
0.75
0.132
3.0
0.4971
0.0280
1.8
0.6912
0.0800
1.8
0.75
0.058
3.5
0.75
0.137
3.5
0.4973
0.0283
0.7146
0.0922
0.75
0.058
4.0
0.75
0.139
4.0
0.500
0.0285
0.750
(Ref. 21)
(Ref. 21)
a=b
(At center)
(At center of long edges)
b
a
a=b
(At center)
(At center of short edges) smax
(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3)
b
a
a=b
smax
(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3)
b
a
a=b
smax
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
506
[CHAP. 11
0.044
0.048
0.183
0.131
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.176
0.190
0.368
0.295
0.50
0.044
0.183
b
g
0.161
0.348
0.50
0.040
0.172
b
g
0.106
0.266
0.50
0.25
0.037
0.159
a=b
b
g
0.120
0.275
0.50
(At center of xed edge) s
0.25
a=b
0.25
a=b
0.380
0.386
0.541
0.526
0.665
0.565
0.701
0.832
1.0
R g1 qb
0.75
and
0.75
and
0.212
0.354
bqb2
t2
0.150
0.302
bqb2
t2
0.298
0.466
0.75
0.321
0.413
1.0
R gqb
0.190
0.320
1.0
R gqb
0.454
0.551
1.0
bqb2
and R gqb
t2
R g2 qb
0.25
a=b
(At end of free edge)
(At center of free edge)
and
0.75
b1 qb2
t2
b qb2
s 22
t
0.523
0.482
1.5
0.244
0.334
1.5
0.730
0.645
1.5
1.282
0.730
0.919
1.491
1.5
0.677
0.509
2.0
0.277
0.338
2.0
0.932
0.681
2.0
1.804
0.688
1.018
1.979
2.0
0.866
0.517
3.0
0.310
0.338
3.0
1.158
0.689
3.0
2.450
0.434
1.055
2.401
3.0
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
11.14]
7d. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to free
edge
7aaa. Uniform over 13 of

plate from xed
edge
7aa. Uniform over 23 of

plate from xed
edge

plate
7. Rectangular plate; one

edge xed, opposite edge
free, remaining edges
simply supported
TABLE 11.4
SEC.
Flat Plates
507
8. Rectangular plate, all

edges xed

plate
7f. Distributed line load

w lb=in along free
edge
7ddd. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to
zero at 13 b
7dd. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to zero
at 23 b
Case no., loading
0.033
0.148
b
g
0.094
0.233
0.50
0.146
0.277
0.75
0.023
0.115
b
g
0.048
0.149
0.50
0.061
0.159
0.75
0.073
0.164
1.0
bqb2
t2
0.200
0.304
1.0
bqb2
t2
0.000
0.321
0.000
1.236
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.024
0.780
0.028
2.381
0.50
0.188
1.204
0.160
3.458
0.75
1.0
0.3078
0.1386
0.0138
a=b
b1
b2
a
0.3834
0.1794
0.0188
1.2
b2 qb2
t2
1.4
0.4356
0.2094
0.0226
and
1.5
0.4680
0.2286
0.0251
1.6
1.8
2.899
1.747
1.004
7.772
2.0
0.4872
0.2406
0.0267
1.726
1.868
0.774
6.416
1.5
and R g1 w
0.097
0.168
2.0
R gqb
0.088
0.167
and
0.339
0.339
2.0
0.4974
0.2472
0.0277
2.0
4.508
1.120
1.119
9.031
3.0
0.105
0.168
3.0
0.400
0.340
3.0
0.5000
0.2500
0.0284
(Refs. 7 and 25 and Ref. 21 for n 0:3)
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
(At center) s
0.570
1.554
0.371
4.510
1.0
1.5
R gqb
0.272
0.330
and
b1 qb2
t2
aqb4
ymax
Et3
(At center of long edge) smax
0.25
a=b
(At ends of free edge) R g2 w
(At center of xed edge) sb
b1 wb
t2
b wb
(At center of free edge) sa 2 2
t
0.25
a=b
0.25
a=b
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
508
[CHAP. 11
TABLE 11.4
8d. Uniformly
decreasing
parallel to side b
8b. Uniform over small

concentric circle of
radius ro (note
denition of r0o )
0.6
0.1132
0.0410
0.0637
0.0206
0.1304
0.0016
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
a
aqb4
Et3
a=b
ymax
0.2365
0.0869
0.0762
0.0898
0.1686
0.0074
1.0
0.2777
0.1038
0.0715
0.1249
0.1800
0.0097
1.2
b5 qb2
t2
b4 qb2
t2
0.3004
0.1128
0.0610
0.1482
0.1845
0.0113
1.4
b2 qb2
b qb2
and sa 3 2
2
t
t
2.0
0.3092
0.1255
0.0509
0.1615
0.1874
0.0126
1.6
0.067
1.004
0.0788
aWb2
Et3
0.068
1.0000
0.0786
1.8
ymax
0.3100
0.1157
0.0415
0.1680
0.1902
0.0133
1.8
0.067
1.008
0.0791
0.3068
0.1148
0.0356
0.1709
0.1908
0.0136
2.0
(Ref. 28 for n 0:3)
(Ref. 26 and Ref. 21 for n 0:3
11.14]
0.1778
0.0633
0.0688
0.0497
0.1436
0.0047
0.8
sa max
sb
At x 0; z b

a
At x ; z 0:45b
2
sb
At x 0; z 0:4b
1.6
0.053
0.9906
0.0777
b1 qb2
t2
0.011
0.9624
0.0754
1.4
sb max
0.078
0.8940
0.0706
0.238
0.7542
0.0611
b1
b2
a
At x 0; z 0
1.2
1.0
a=b
b2 W
t2

3W
2b
1
n
ln
b
and
1
2pt2
pr0o
(At center of long edge) sb
(At center) sb
SEC.
Flat Plates
509
9. Rectangular plate, three

edges xed, one edge
(a) simply supported

plate from xed
edge

plate
Case no., loading
0.020
0.004
0.016
0.031
0.115
0.123
0.125
b1
b2
b3
b4
g1
g2
g3
0.25
0.020
0.003
0.012
0.031
0.115
0.002
0.125
a=b
b1
b2
b3
b4
g1
g2
g3
b4 qb2
t2
0.164
0.044
0.081
0.197
0.334
0.048
0.345
0.75
sa
sb
b2 qb2
t2
R g2 qb
b1 qb2
t2
0.173
0.062
0.118
0.242
0.343
0.253
0.382
b3 qb2
t2
sa
b3 qb2
t2
R g1 qb
0.539
0.284
0.164
0.417
0.584
0.387
0.547
1.5
0.274
0.093
0.108
0.255
0.423
0.088
0.396
1.0
0.445
0.193
0.112
0.284
0.517
0.132
0.422
1.5
and R g3 qb
and
and
0.307
0.134
0.158
0.343
0.453
0.319
0.471
1.0
and R g3 qb
and sa
and R g1 qb
0.525
0.252
0.091
0.263
0.542
0.139
0.417
2.0
0.657
0.370
0.135
0.398
0.622
0.397
0.549
2.0
0.566
0.286
0.066
0.204
0.543
0.131
0.405
3.0
0.718
0.422
0.097
0.318
0.625
0.386
0.530
3.0
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
0.080
0.016
0.043
0.111
0.230
0.015
0.250
0.50
b4 qb2
t2
0.75
sa
sb
sb max
0.081
0.018
0.061
0.121
0.230
0.181
0.256
b1 qb2
t2
b2 qb2
t2
R g2 qb
sb max
0.50
At x 0; z b

a
At x ; z 0:4b
2
At x 0; z 0:6b
At x 0; z 0
0.25
a=b
At x 0; z b

a
At x ; z 0:6b
2
At x 0; z 0:6b
At x 0; z 0
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
510
[CHAP. 11
TABLE 11.4
9d. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to simply
supported edge
9aaa. Uniform over 13 of

plate from xed
edge
0.020
0.005
0.013
0.026
0.114
0.000
0.111
b1
b2
b3
b4
g1
g2
g3
0.25
0.018
0.019
0.106
0.075
a=b
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.120
0.124
0.265
0.212
b3 qb2
t2
1.0
0.303
0.181
0.383
0.262
1.5
and R g2 qb
R g1 qb
0.194
0.047
0.016
0.068
0.312
0.020
0.176
1.5
R g3 qb
sa
R g1 qb
and
0.192
0.161
0.323
0.245
b2 qb2
t2
0.75
1.0
and
0.148
0.050
0.026
0.079
0.290
0.011
0.185
sa
0.108
0.044
0.031
0.079
0.261
0.004
0.190
and
and
b1 qb2
t2
0.064
0.068
0.195
0.152
0.50
b4 qb2
t2
0.75
sa
sb
sb max
0.068
0.026
0.028
0.063
0.210
0.000
0.170
0.50
b1 qb2
t2
b2 qb2
t2
R g2 qb
sb max

a
At x ; z 0:4b
2
At x 0; z 0
0.25
a=b
At x 0; z b

a
At x ; z 0:2b
2
At x 0; z 0:2b
At x 0; z 0
0.356
0.168
0.399
0.258
2.0
0.213
0.041
0.011
0.056
0.316
0.021
0.175
2.0
0.382
0.132
0.400
0.250
3.0
0.222
0.037
0.008
0.037
0.316
0.020
0.190
3.0
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
SEC.
11.14]
Flat Plates
511
9ddd. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to zero
at 13 b
9dd. Uniformly
decreasing
from xed edge to
zero at 23 b
Case no., loading

sb max
b1 qb2
t2
and
R g1 qb
0.017
0.019
0.101
0.082
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.25
0.014
0.010
0.088
0.046
a=b
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.035
0.024
0.130
0.069
0.50
0.095
0.068
0.227
0.146
0.75
0.047
0.031
0.146
0.079
0.75
b2 qb2
t2
b1 qb2
t2
sa
sb max
0.056
0.050
0.177
0.129
0.50

a
At x ; z 0:2b
2
At x 0; z 0
0.25
a=b
R g1 qb
0.201
0.106
0.294
0.165
1.5
0.061
0.030
0.155
0.077
1.0
0.075
0.025
0.161
0.074
1.5
and R g2 qb
and
0.140
0.098
0.262
0.157
1.0
and
0.080
0.020
0.162
0.074
2.0
0.228
0.097
0.301
0.162
2.0

a
b2 qb2
At x ; z 0:4b if a 5 b or z 0:2b if a < b
sa
t2
2
At x 0; z 0
0.082
0.013
0.162
0.082
3.0
0.241
0.074
0.301
0.158
3.0
R g2 qb
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
512
[CHAP. 11
10aaa. Uniform over

1
3 of plate from
xed edge

plate from xed
edge

plate
sa
b1 qb2
t2
b2 qb2
t2
sb max
0.020
0.016
0.031
0.114
0.125
b1
b2
b3
g1
g2
sb max
0.081
0.066
0.126
0.230
0.248
0.50
b1 qb2
t2
0.173
0.148
0.286
0.341
0.371
0.75
1.0
R g2 qb
1.5
R g1 qb
0.727
0.484
1.073
0.673
0.859
R g1 qb
0.321
0.259
0.511
0.457
0.510
and
and
and
1.226
0.605
1.568
0.845
1.212
2.0
0.020
0.031
0.115
0.125
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.25
0.020
0.026
0.115
0.111
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.068
0.063
0.210
0.170
0.50
0.110
0.084
0.257
0.194
0.75
b2 qb2
t2
1.5
0.501
0.370
0.544
0.399
0.148
0.079
0.291
0.185
0.202
0.068
0.316
0.174
1.5
R g2 qb
R g1 qb
1.0
and
and
0.277
0.260
0.424
0.394
1.0
0.240
0.057
0.327
0.170
2.0
0.710
0.433
0.615
0.409
2.0
r g2 qb
0.290
0.040
0.335
0.180
3.0
1.031
0.455
0.674
0.393
3.0
and
2.105
0.519
1.982
1.012
1.627
3.0
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
11.14]
a=b
0.164
0.198
0.334
0.344
0.75
b1 qb2
t2
sa
sb max
0.080
0.110
0.230
0.250
0.50

a
At x ; z 0:2b
2
At x 0; z 0
0.25
a=b

a
b2 qb2
At x ; z 0:6b for a > b or z 0:4b for a 4 b
sa
t2
2
At x 0; z 0
0.25
a=b

a
b3 qb2
At x ; z b
sa
2
t2
At x 0; z b
At x 0; z 0

edges xed, one edge
(a) free
TABLE 11.4
SEC.
Flat Plates
513
10dd. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to zero
at 23 b
10d. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to
zero at free edge
Case no., loading

sb max
b1 qb
t2
and
0.018
0.019
0.106
0.075
b1
b2
g1
g2
sb max
0.064
0.068
0.195
0.151
0.50
b1 qb2
t2
0.120
0.125
0.265
0.211
0.75
and
1.5
0.351
0.244
0.406
0.106
R g1 qb
0.195
0.166
0.324
0.242
1.0
0.25
0.017
0.019
0.102
0.082
a=b
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.056
0.050
0.177
0.129
0.50
0.095
0.068
0.227
0.146
0.75
0.141
0.099
0.263
0.157
1.0
0.215
0.114
0.301
0.163
1.5
0.277
0.113
0.320
0.157
2.0
0.758
0.514
0.505
0.313
3.0
R g2 qb
0.365
0.101
0.336
0.146
3.0
and R g2 qb
0.507
0.387
0.458
0.199
2.0
and

a
b2 qb2
At x ; z 0:4b if a 5 b or z 0:2b if a < b
sb
t2
2
At x 0; z 0
0.25
a=b
sa
b2 qb2
t2

R g1 qb

a
At x ; z b if a > b or z 0:4b if a < b
2
At x 0; z 0
Case no.,
shape and supports
TABLE 11.4
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
514
[CHAP. 11
11aa. Uniform over

plate from z 0
to z 23 b

plate
10ddd. Uniformly
decreasing from
xed edge to
zero at 13 b
0.014
0.010
0.088
0.046
b1
b2
g1
g2
sb max
0.035
0.024
0.130
0.069
0.50
b1 qb2
t2
0.047
0.031
0.146
0.079
0.75
and
0.050
0.047
0.312
0.127
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.182
0.188
0.572
0.264
0.25
0.353
0.398
0.671
0.413
0.375
0.631
0.632
0.874
0.557
0.50
0.100
0.014
0.167
0.079
3.0
1.246
1.186
1.129
0.829
0.75
1.769
1.769
1.183
1.183
1.0
and R g2 qb
0.086
0.020
0.165
0.073
2.0
0.125
0.050
0.044
0.311
0.126
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.173
0.143
0.543
0.249
0.25
0.297
0.230
0.563
0.335
0.375
0.465
0.286
0.654
0.377
0.50
0.758
0.396
0.741
0.384
0.75
0.963
0.435
0.748
0.393
1.0
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
11.14]
a=b
b1 qb2
At x a; z 0 sb max
and R g1 qb
t2

b
b
b2 qb2
sa
At x 0; z 0:6b if a > or z 0:4b if a 4
and R g2 qb
2
2
t2
0.125
a=b
sa
b2 qb2
t2
0.076
0.025
0.162
0.073
R g1 qb
0.061
0.030
0.156
0.077
1.5
R g2 qb
R g1 qb
1.0
and
and

b
b
At x 0; z b if a > or a 0:8b if a 4
2
2
At x a; z 0
0.25
a=b
b2 qb2
t2
b1 qb2
t2
sa
sb max

a
At x ; z 0:2b
2
At x 0; z 0
11. Rectangular plate;

two adjacent edges
xed, two remaining
edges free
TABLE 11.4
SEC.
Flat Plates
515
11dd. Uniformly
decreasing
from z 0 to
z 23 b
11d. Uniformly
decreasing from
z 0 to z b
11aaa. Uniform over

plate from z 0
to z 13 b
Case no., loading
0.034
0.034
0.222
0.109
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.099
0.068
0.311
0.162
0.25
0.143
0.081
0.335
0.180
0.375
0.186
0.079
0.343
0.117
0.50
0.241
0.085
0.349
0.109
0.75
0.274
0.081
0.347
0.105
1.0
and
R g2 qb
0.043
0.028
0.271
0.076
b1
b2
g1
g2
sb max
0.133
0.090
0.423
0.151
0.25
0.328
0.200
0.483
0.195
and
b1 qb2
t2
0.50
0.212
0.148
0.419
0.205
0.375
R g1 qb
0.537
0.276
0.551
0.230
0.75
0.695
0.397
0.559
0.192
1.0
0.125
0.040
0.026
0.250
0.084
a=b
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.154
0.089
0.316
0.135
0.375
0.215
0.107
0.338
0.151
0.50
0.304
0.116
0.357
0.156
0.75
0.362
0.113
0.357
0.152
1.0
b2 qb2
t2
and
R g2 qb
and
R g2 qb
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
0.109
0.059
0.354
0.129
0.25
At x 0; z 0:4b if a 5 0:375b; or z 0:2b if a < 0:375b sa
At x a; z 0
0.125
a=b
b1 qb2
At x a; z 0 sb max
and R g1 qb
t2

b
b
b2 qb2
At x 0; z b if a b; or z 0:6b if 4 a < b; or z 0:4b if a <
sa
2
2
t2
0.125
a=b
b1 qb2
At x a; z 0 sb max
and R g1 qb
t2

b
b
b2 qb2
At x 0; z 0:4b if a > or z 0:2b if a 4
sa
2
2
t2
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
516
[CHAP. 11
0.084
0.029
0.171
0.075
0.50
0.100
0.025
0.171
0.072
0.75
ymax
W
8kL2e
Max foundation pressure qo
smax
W
8L2e

3W 1 n
Le
ln
0:6159
2pt2
ro
when n < 0:15
0.109
0.020
0.171
0.072
1.0
s
4
Et3
where Le
121 n2 k
(Under the load)
0.071
0.031
0.170
0.076
0.375
13b. Uniform over a

small circle of
radius ro , remote
from edges
0.052
0.028
0.217
0.072
R g1 qb
b2 qb2
and R g2 qb
t2
and
13. Continuous plate;

supported continuously
on an elastic foundation
of modulus k (lb=in2=in)
0.025
0.014
0.193
0.048
b1
b2
g1
g2
0.25
sa
b1 qb2
t2
(At edge of support)

2
0:15q
4
1
4
when 0:15 4 n < 0:30
a ro
sa 2
t
3
n

3qa2
a
r2o
or sa
1
n
ln

211

n

0:55

1:50n
ro
2pt2
a2
2ro
where n
a
0.125
a=b
At x 0; z 0:2b
At x a; z 0 sb max
12a. Uniform over

entire surface
11ddd. Uniformly
decreasing
from z 0
to z 13 b
12. Continuous plate;

supported at equal
intervals a on circular
supports of radius ro
TABLE 11.4
(Ref. 14)
Ref: 11
Ref: 9
(Ref. 49 for n 0:2
SEC.
11.14]
Flat Plates
517
14a. Uniform over

entire plate
15a. Uniform over

entire plate
14. Parallelogram plate

(skew slab); all edges
simply supported

(skew slab); shorter
longer edges free
13bbb. Uniform over a

small circle of
radius ro ,
adjacent to a
corner
13bb. Uniform over a

small circle of
radius ro , adjacent
to edge but remote
from corner
Case no., loading

r
W
ymax 1:1 1:245 o
Le kL2e
0.585
0.119
b
a
0.570
0.118
30
0
3.05
2.97
2.58
2.47
b1
b2
a1
a2
2.20
2.19
1.50
1.36
30
1.78
1.75
1.00
0.82
45
b2 qb2
t2
60
0.91
1.00
0.46
0.21
60
ymax
ymax
a2 qb4
Et3
0.201
0.011
75
aqb4
Et3
a1 qb4
Et3
ymax
0.463
0.092
and
and
and
(Ref. 24 for n 0:2
(Ref. 24 for n 0:2
(Ref. 14)
(Ref. 14)
For a=b 2:0
0.539
0.108
45
bqb2
t2
b1 qb2
t2
(At center of plate) smax
(Along free edge) smax
0
For a=b 2:0
(At center of plate) smax
p
(At a distance 2:38 ro Le from the corner along diagonal)
"
0:6 #
3W
r
smax 2 1 1:083 o
t
Le
(At the corner)
W
kL2e

0:863W 1 n
Le
ln
0:207
t2
ro
ymax 0:4081 0:4n
smax
(Under the load)
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
518
[CHAP. 11

plate
17. Equilateral triangle; all

edges simply supported
b1 qb2
t2
aqb4
Et3
1.25
1.00
0.308
0.138
0.0135
0.320
0.135
0.0127
a=b
b1
b2
a
b1
b2
a
b1
b2
a
b1
b2
a
b1
b2
a
y
0
15
30
45
60
0.470
0.244
0.0208
0.547
0.235
0.0249
0.531
0.253
0.0257
0.481
0.239
0.0258

3W 1 n
0:377a
n
ln
2pt2
2
r0o
qa4 1 n2
81Et3
0:1554qa2
t2
0:1488qa2
t2
0.394
0.218
0.0165
0.495
0.221
0.0218
0.483
0.235
0.0232
0.454
0.220
0.0235
1.75
0.310
0.188
0.0136
0.531
0.260
0.0242
0.568
0.245
0.0268
0.553
0.261
0.0273
0.497
0.247
0.0273
2.00
0.450
0.204
0.0171
0.575
0.265
0.0265
0.580
0.252
0.0281
2.25
0.538
0.214
0.0198
0.601
0.260
0.0284
2.50
0.613
0.224
0.0245
3.00
(Refs. 21 and 23 for n 0:3)
(Ref. 53 for n 13
Flat Plates
ymax 0:069W 1 n2 a2 =Et3
At x 0; z 0 smax
At x 0; z 0 ymax
At x 0; z 0:129a sx max
ymax
1.50
and
At x 0; z 0:062a sz max
0.400
0.198
0.0168
0.412
0.200
0.0189
0.400
0.187
0.0195
b2 qb2
t2
(At center of plate) s
Along longer edge toward obtuse angle) smax
11.14]
17b. Uniform over

small circle of
radius ro
at x 0; z 0

plate

(skew slab); all edges
xed
TABLE 11.4
SEC.
519
Number of sides n
20. Regular polygonal

plate; all edges xed
20a. Uniform over

entire plate
19a. Uniform over

entire plate
19. Regular polygonal

plate; all edges simply
supported
Number of sides n
18a. Uniform over

entire plate
18. Right-angle isosceles

triangle; all edges
simply supported
Case no., loading

0:262qa2
t2
b1 qa2
t2
and
1.086
0.635
1.028
3
0.589
1.423
0.264
n
b
b2
a
0.550
1.232
0.221
4
0.530
1.132
0.203
1.044
0.581
0.910
0.518
1.068
0.194
aqa4
Et3
b2 qa2
t2
ymax
1.056
0.599
0.951
(At center of straight edge) smax
(At center )
1.152
0.710
1.176
8
1.038
0.573
0.888
0.511
1.023
0.188
1.302
0.910
1.535
b
a
x
aqa4
Et3
ymax
and
xqa3
Et3
bqa2
t2
(At center of straight edge) Max slope
0:038qa4
Et3
0:225qa2
t2
(At center)
ymax
sx max
smax sz
0.506
0.990
0.184
1.038
0.572
0.877
0.503
0.964
0.182
1.044
0.572
0.871
10
0.500
0.944
0.180
10
1.074
0.586
0.883
15
0.4875
0.750
0.171
1.236
0.695
1.050
Case no.,
shape, and supports
TABLE 11.4
(Ref. 55 for n 0:3
(Ref. 55 for n 0:3
(Ref. 21 for n 0:3
520
[CHAP. 11

Roark's Formulas For Stress and Strain 507-525

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Roark's Formulas For Stress and Strain 507-525

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Formulas for at plates with straight boundaries and constant thickness

1. Rectangular plate; all

1b. Uniform over small

1a. Uniform over entire

Case no., loading

(At center) smax

(At center of long sides) Rmax gqb

(At center) smax sb

Formulas and tabulated specic values

(Ref. 21 for n 0:3)

(Ref. 21 for n 0:3)

1c. Uniform over

(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3.)

(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3.)

(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3.)

1f. Uniform over entire

Case no., loading

Formulas for Stress and Strain

Formulas and tabulated specic values

(Ref. 8 for v 0:3)

(Ref. 8 for v 0:3)

2a. Uniform over entire

1g. Uniform over entire

2. Rectangular plate; three

6. Rectangular plate; two

6a. Uniform over entire

5a. Uniform over entire

4a. Uniform over entire

4. Rectangular plate; three

5. Rectangular plate; two

3a. Uniform over entire

3. Rectangular plate; three

Case no., loading

Formulas for Stress and Strain

(At center of long edges)

(At center of short edges) smax

(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3)

(Values from charts of Ref. 8; n 0:3)

Formulas and tabulated specic values

(At center of xed edge) s

(At center of xed edge) s

(At center of xed edge) s

(At end of free edge)

(At center of free edge)

(At center of xed edge) s

(Ref. 49 for n 0:2

(Ref. 49 for n 0:2

(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)

(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)

7aaa. Uniform over 13 of

7aa. Uniform over 23 of

7a. Uniform over entire

7. Rectangular plate; one

8. Rectangular plate, all

8a. Uniform over entire

7f. Distributed line load

Case no., loading

(Refs. 7 and 25 and Ref. 21 for n 0:3)

(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)

(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)

(Ref. 49 for n 0:2)

Formulas for Stress and Strain