Upper intermediate wordlist: English to Spanish

Page No. English

Part of
Speech

Definition

UNIT 1
13
10

appraisal
bonus scheme

n
n

assessment or evaluation of how well you do your job

company system in which employees receive extra payments if certain
targets are reached
recording the money that an organisation or business spends and
receives
able to use a computer competently
central, essential
designed especially for that use
university qualication
company
very good beginning
aim, objective, target
someone who has obtained a university degree
practical, not theoretical
someone with a lot of ability and ambition who is expected to be
successful
taking place within the company
very important, essential
provide good enough instruction in what the employees want to learn

10

book-keeping

12
12
11
13
13
12
11
13
12
11

computer literate
core
dedicated
degree
rm
ying start
goal
graduate
hands-on
high ier

adj
n
adj
n
n
n
n
n
adj
n

10
11
12

adj
adj
v

11

in-house
key
learning goals: meet the
learning goals
limited

adj

company where each shareholder is responsible for the companys

debts up to but no more than the amount that he/she has invested in
the company

12

monitor

watch carefully and record the results

10
13
10

on-the-job training
peer
permanent contract

n
n
n

training while you are working

person at the same level as you in a company
an employment agreement which is not for a limited period of time

12
11

promising
promote

adj
v

11
10
10
10

recruit
salary
skill
staff development

n
n
n
n

showing signs of being likely to develop successfully

give someone a better-paid, more responsible job; advertise or
publicise a product or service so that people will buy it
someone who has recently started working for a company
money paid regularly to employees for doing a job
ability to do something well
expansion of skills and consequent possible promotion for employees

13
12
13
12

study leave
tailor-made
track record
workload

n
adj
n
n

period of time away from work for study

specially designed to meet individual needs
reputation based on things done up to now
the amount of work you have to do

activity of preparing and maintaining nancial records

departments
check that nancial statements and accounts are correct
project or piece of work that you care about a lot because it was your
idea
top-level managers of a company
person applying for a job
the person who takes the money when customers pay at a
supermarket
short for Chief Executive Ofcer
difcult and demanding to do
the place in a supermarket where you pay for your shopping
highest manager with responsibility for the day-to-day running of a
company
manager responsible for information and computer systems
short for Chief Information Ofcer

UNIT 2
14
16
16
CD1 T3

accounting
areas
audit
baby: your own baby

n
n
v
n

16
17
17

board of directors
candidate
cashier

n
n
n

14
17
CD1 T4
14

CEO
challenging
checkout
Chief Executive Ofcer

n
adj
n
n

14
14

Chief Information Ofcer

CIO

n
n

14

customer relations

approach to management which recognizes the value of building and

maintaining a long-term relationship with customers through, e.g.
special credit cards, loyalty cards

17
14
14

customer service
deadline
Finance Manager

n
n
n

16
17
16
CD1 T3
16

nancial year
re
forecast
fullling
graduation

n
v
v
adj
n

giving customers good service

nal time by which a task or job must be completed
the manager responsible for the accounting and nancial affairs of a
company
the -month period for which a company produces accounts
dismiss someone from their job
predict business and nancial performance for the future
making you happy or satised
the moment of successfully completing ones university course

14
14

HRM
Human Resources Manager

n
n

CD1 T3 incentive event

17
16

n
n

interviewee
IT

14
launch
CD1 T3 lifestyle
16
management accounting

v
n, adj
n

14

Managing Director

14

Marketing Consultant

14
17

PA
part-time job

n
n

14
14

performance
Personal Assistant

n
n

14

PRO

Human Resources Manager

the manager responsible for recruiting, training and managing
employees
conference or other event which companies use for thanking
customers and rewarding their staff
person being interviewed
short for Information Technology; computer and telecommunications
technology
start selling a product or service for the rst time
the way that you live your life
preparing nancial information to help management decisions
highest manager with responsibility for the day-to-day running of the
company, Chief Executive Ofcer
someone whom companies employ to give advice about how to
market their products or services
short for Personal Assistant
job which is only done for part of the working week, less than a fulltime job
how well a person or company does
someone who is employed to do secretarial and administrative tasks,
especially for a manager
short for Public Relations Ofcer, the person responsible for ensuring
that the public think well of a company

14
14

R&D
recruitment

n
n

CD1 T4 relief

16
14
16
14
17
16
17
14

reporting to me
Research and Development
role
routine correspondence
selling point
smooth-talking
supervisor
target

n
n
n
n
adj
n
n

CD1 T3
16
CD1 T3
CD1 T4

thrive on
treasurer
vision
workwise

v
n
n
adj

short for Research and Development

the activity of nding and employing new people to work in an
organisation
person who takes the place of another worker so that he/she can have
a break
that I have authority over
the activity of investigating and developing new products
job or function in a company
normal, everyday letters and emails which are not special
characteristic of a product that makes people want to buy it
good at persuading people, not to be trusted
person who makes sure people do their jobs properly
goal or objective decided in advance against which performance can
be measure
really enjoy
the person who looks after the money in an organisation
plan or hope for the future
as far as work is concerned

what you have studied and the qualications you have received

CD1 T5 common sense

21
consumer product
21
CV

n
n
n

practical, sensible thinking and judgement

product bought by the public and not by companies
short for curriculum vitae: a written summary of work experience and
qualications sent to a possible employer by someone applying for a
job

CD1 T5
19
19
CD1 T5
CD1 T5
18
18
19

adj
adj
n
v
v
n
n
n

shown to be dishonest
total
performance, concert
start dealing with
be thrown away without being looked at
new idea or product
feeling of pleasure and achievement in your job
small building where products are sold

UNIT 3
21

academic background

found out
full-on
gig
go about
go straight in the bin
innovation
job satisfaction
kiosk

19
18

online distribution
perk

n
n

19
19
20

promotion
receptive
referee

n
adj
n

21
19
19
CD1 T5
CD1 T5

reect
release
scope
snail mail
words of wisdom

v
n
n
n
pl n

the supply of goods through the Internet

extra payment or benet which is not part of your salary, e.g. a
company car
being given a better-paid, more responsible job
willing to listen and accept
person who gives information about your experience and ability when
you apply for a job
show or represent
the moment when something is available for the public to buy
opportunities
letters sent by post compared with the speed of email
very good advice

UNIT 4
23
25
23
25
23
25
25

bring up details
critical
details: bring up your details
great deal
hang on
intended recipient
put someone on hold

v
adj
v
n
v
n
v

23

screen: get it up on the screen

nd information on a computer
very important
nd information about you on my computer
a lot
(inf) wait a moment
the person you wanted to contact
make someone wait to speak to the person they have called on the
phone
see, bring up your details

v
n

add new information to

available job

25
update
CD1 T7 vacancy
Unit 5
29

brand awareness

knowledge among people in general that a certain brand exists

28

branding

giving a company or product a particular design or symbol in order to

give it an identity for marketing and advertising purposes

28

brochure

29
29
29
29
28
31
31
31

capitalise on
centrepiece
dating skills
direct mail
drawback
dream up
essence
focus group

v
n
pl n
n
n
v
n
n

28
29
30
28

gift
hit
hype
leaflet

n
n
v
n

30
31
29

log on
logo
lottery

v
n
n

29

market share

29
online publicity
CD1 T8 overheads

n
pl n

31
29
28

pay a premium
ploy
point-of-sales display

v
n
n

29
30
28
28
CD1 T8
31

post
profit margin
promotional activities
purchase
recognition
reinvent

v
n
n
n
n
v

magazine published by a company advertising or giving information

about its products and services
benefit from, take advantage of
the most important or attractive part or feature of something
ability to begin a romantic relationship
publicity sent directly to a person's home
disadvantage
invent
most important quality
group of people who are paid to discuss and give their opinions for
market research
something which is given to you
time when someone visits a website
publicise strongly, advertise in an exaggerated way
printed material of a page or a few pages publicising or giving
information about product and training
start using a computer; visit a website
design which represents a company or a product
game in which numbered tickets are sold to people who then have the
chance of winning the prize if their number is chosen
the percentage of the market which is taken by a particular product in
comparison with competitors' products
advertisements on the Internet
the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are
involved in operating a business
pay a higher price
tactic or trick, especially when used in marketing
where products are arranged in a shop in a way which advertises
them to customers
pin on the walls
the percentage difference between income and sales
ways of advertising something
something which you buy
appreciation and acceptance
change the appearance or characteristics of something, modify

29

retail

adj

selling goods in small amounts to customers in shops; v sell to

customers in shops
small example which shows what the rest of something is like
short, easily remembered phrase used to advertise something

28
29

sample
slogan

n
n

28

sponsorship

31
29

switch
target audience

v
n

31
28

task
website

n
n

job
computer le with words and pictures which you can reach through the
Internet

the amount of money moving through a business

area for people to relax in
person you begin a company with
people, especially in high positions, who can give you useful
information or introductions which will help you at work
regular customers
made especially to suit the users needs
good
small shop that sells high-quality foods, such as types of cheese and
cold cooked meat, which often come from other countries

helping by giving money to an event such as a sporting event and in

that way getting publicity
change
person or particular group of people at whom something is directed

UNIT 6
35
CD1 T11
33
35

cashow
chill-out zone
co-founder
contacts

n
n
n
n

CD1 T10
33
33
CD1 T9

customer base
customised
decent
deli

n
adj
adj
n

33
entrepreneurial skills
33
found
CD1 T11 FT

pl n
v
n

abilities connected with starting a new business

set up or establish a company or organisation
a commonly used abbreviation for the Financial Times, an important
British newspaper for people who are interested in nance, business
and economics, printed on pink paper

33

opportunity to sell a new product which isnt being sold already

adj

relating to a group of similar things rather than one thing in particular

gap in the market

CD1 T9 generic

35
33
33
33

keep momentum
label
line: new line
niche product

v
n
n
n

32
CD1 T11
33
33
32
35

on the market
on the road
opt for
outsell
packaged
personal touch

adv
adv
v
v
v
n

CD1 T9
CD1 T11
33
33
CD1 T11

pitch
player: big player
prohibitive
projected
sachet

v
n
adj
adj
n

33
33
35
34

secure a site
soar
sponsor
stand

v
v
v
n

CD1 T11 start-up

33
stir
33
supply chain

n
n
n

33
33
33

take off
takings
turnover

v
pl n
n

rent a building or part of a building to run a business from

rise very fast
support nancially in order to get publicity for your company
arrangement of shelves and tables at an exhibition where an
organisation offers information, goods or services
small business that has just been started
a lot of interest
the network of companies who bring goods from manufacture through
wholesale supply and distribution to a retailer
start selling well, become a popular product
income received in a shop from selling goods
total income of a company from sales of its products or services; sales

33

upmarket

adj

expensive, high-quality, appealing to the luxury end of the market

people telling each other about how good a product is

report, article

34
word of mouth
CD1 T11 write-up

keep something developing after it has started

company name or symbol
new type of product
product which only interests very specialised customers and does not
interest the mass market
for sale
travelling to different places
choose
sell more than other products
wrapped and displayed so that people will want to buy
having personal contact with and being aware of the needs of every
individual customer to make them feel special
aim, direct
large and powerful business
so expensive that you cannot afford it
planned
small, closed container made of paper or plastic containing a small
amount of something, usually only enough for one occasion

UNIT 7
38
38
38
CD1 T12
38
38
36
38
CD1 T12
CD1 T12

budget
deliver
edge
rst-come-rst-serve
keen
liaise
man
meet your brief
power cut
server

n
v
n
adj
v
v
v
n
n

money you have available to spend

provide what was promised
advantage
dealt with in the order in which people ask
competitive
communicate and exchange information
be present at, help to run
carry out your instructions
interruption in the electricity supply
central computer from which other computers obtain information

38
38

stand out
trade event

v
n

make people notice

event within a particular business or industry

in large quantities
keep a large amount of stock in a shop / chain of shops
talk to you again in order to give you further information
small device or machine with a particular purpose
arrive
amount by which the price of something is increased before it is sold
again
arrangements made for payment, especially the amount of money and
the period of time agreed
(inf) put
price at which a manufacturer suggests a product should be sold,
although this may be reduced by the retailer
something which you order again
payable immediately, when the item is presented
discuss, deal with
not change or be forced to change
keep a supply of a product in the shop
(formal) sit down

UNIT 8
43
42
CD1 T14
42
CD1 T13
42

bulk: in bulk
carry a lot of stock
come back to you on that
gadget
get in
mark-up

adj
v
v
n
v
n

43

payment terms

pl n

41
42

pop
recommended retail price
(RRP)
CD1 T15 repeat order
43
sight: at sight
CD1 T14 sort out
40
stick to
42
stock
41
take a seat

v
n
n
adv
v
v
v
v

41

terms and conditions

the details in an agreement or contract

CD1 T16 buy into

CD1 T16 competition

v
n

49
47
CD1 T16
47

pl n
v
n
n

invest in
other companies which produce the same goods or services as your
company
arrangement to borrow or owe money in order to buy goods
decide not to continue
person who starts up a new business
businesses that arrange the selling, renting or management of
property and land for their owners
the number which do not succeed
someone who has a lot of money and who has the power to increase
their own income
money you pay for professional services
at the start
right to sell a companys products in a particular location using the
companys name
become increasingly successful
start your own business
company name that most people have heard of
person who plans the decoration of the inside of a building
likely and reasonable
make successful by working hard
re someone because their job is no longer needed
the activity of presenting products or services to customers in order to
make them want to buy
become more and more successful
shop
willing, happy
money which is earned in trade or business, especially after paying
the costs of producing and selling goods and services
give up, leave, stop doing
money paid to workers that a company no longer needs, to
compensate for losing their job

UNIT 9

credit facilities
drop the idea
entrepreneur
estate agencies

47
failure rate
CD1 T16 fat cat

n
n

47
46
46

fee
rst: in the rst place
franchise

CD1 T16
47
47
47
47
CD1 T16
CD1 T16
49

go from strength to strength

go it alone
household name
interior designer
legitimate
make a go of
make redundant
marketing

v
v
n
n
adj
v
v
n

CD1 T16
CD1 T16
CD1 T16
47

never look back

outlet
prepared
prot

v
n
adj
n

47
46

quit
redundancy money

v
n

49

security

way of making sure that money which has been lent will be paid back

47
source
CD1 T16 take the plunge

v
v

nd
decide to do something risky after thinking about it for a long time

49
47

when talking about

name or symbol put on a product to show that it is made by a
particular producer and cannot be legally used by any other producer

terms: in terms of
trademark

UNIT 10
CD1 T18 angel investor
CD1 T18 application
53
business card

n
n
n

CD1 T18 catch on

CD1 T17 cold-call

v
v

CD1 T18 defy a conventional business

plan
CD1 T18 get off the ground
52
government grant
CD1 T18 gut instinct
50
have something to do with
52
hi-tech

private investor willing to invest money in new business

computer program designed for a particular purpose
small card to give to business contacts showing your name, job title
and details of the company you work for
become popular
phone or visit possible clients to try and sell something without any
previous contact or appointment
be too difcult to explain in a normal business plan

v
n
n
v
adj

start
money given by the government for a special purpose
strong belief which cannot be explained
be connected with
using the most modern and advanced machines and technology

51
CD1 T17
51
CD1 T17
52
CD1 T19
52
53

n
v
n

money which is lent or borrowed

use what was available
money which you borrow in order to buy a house
nothing better than
company owned by two or more people
in a very few words without trying to be polite
the amount of money borrowed
money which is not spent but is kept to use in the future

loan
make do
mortgage
nothing to beat
partnership
point blank
principal
savings

n
adv
n
pl n

51

social security

n
adj

money an employer pays into a government fund to cover

unemployment, sickness pay and retirement pensions
spend a lot of money on things you dont need
information given to the government about how much you have
earned a year
investment from companies which specialise in high-risk new
business
additional worksheets and other materials
not xed or dependable

company which sells another companys products on commission

55
bioinformatics
CD1 T20 clear up
55
cloned

n
v
adj

CD1 T20 cross-fertilisation of ideas

information science about living things

deal with, get an explanation for
plant or animal which has the same genes as the original from which it
was produced articially
mixing of ideas from different types of people to stimulate new thinking

57

distributor

CD1 T20
CD1 T20
CD1 T20
54
CD1 T20
CD1 T20
55

get down to
get onto
great stuff
ground-breaking
hush-hush
keep up with
knowledge industry

v
v

55
56
CD1 T20
55
55
55

milestone
purpose-built
right away
sector
spin-out business
state-of-the-art

n
adj
adv
n
n
adj

CD1 T18 splash out

52
tax return

v
n

52

venture capital

CD1 T18 wrapper

CD1 T18 written in sand
UNIT 11
57

agent

adj
adj
v
n

company which buys another companys products and sells them in a

particular region
start
start dealing with
(inf) Thats excellent!
new and very different from others of its type
secret
not fall behind
service industry in which employees deal in knowledge rather than
products and need a high level of education and training
mark, stage, level of achievement
designed and built for a particular use
immediately
area of the economy
new, separate company based on a original organisation
very modern

55

stem-cell

cell taken from a person or animal in a very early stage of devlopment

that can develop into any other type of cell
special demands or limitations (on the loan)

CD1 T20 strings attached

UNIT 12
60
60
60

digest
dry up
eye contact: make eye contact

v
v
v

take time to understand

have nothing more to say
look at peoples eyes to keep them involved

59
CD1 T21
60
CD1 T21
60
59
61

feel free to
ndings
make the most of
premium
prompts
slide
would-be

v
n
v
adj
n
n
adj

dont be afraid to
information discovered
take full advantage of an opportunity which will not last long
higher than usual
list of key words used to remind you what to say
image which is projected onto a screen or wall
wanting or trying to be

UNIT 13
65
67

accident: is no accident
bankrupt

adj

CD1 T22
67
65
67
64

bear in mind
bid
bottom line
break the bank
business centre

v
n
n
v
n

65
65

chain
frequent-ier program (UK
programme)
gathering
gush
keynote speaker

n
n

67
65
66

n
v
n

has been planned for carefully

having no money; unable to continue in business because you cannot
pay your debts
remember when making plans
the price offered for a piece of work or a service
the most important thing
allow something to cost more than you can afford
facilities that business people can use to do work or contact people,
e.g. fax machines, secretarial help, Internet connections
number of businesses owned by the same company
system where regular users of an airline earn points to get benets
and discounts
large group meeting
express so strongly that it does not sound sincere
the most important speaker at a conference

65

loyalty program

67
CD1 T22
65
67
67
65

off-season
pitfall
plus
practice
pull together
rival

n
n
n
n
v
n

65
65
65
65
65
64

single out
staffer
subscriber
tweak
what really counts
wi-

v
n
n
v
v
adj

reward system, e.g. free hotel breaks to thank regular customers for
buying goods and services from a business
the time of year when there is less business activity
likely mistake or problem
advantage
method
create, organise
competitor, company which produces the same products or services
as your company
praise especially
(American English) member of staff
person who buys a service or a magazine on a regular basis
change in small ways
what is really important
wireless connection by which computers can connect to the Internet
up to a certain distance from where they are usually plugged in

UNIT 14
69
CD1 T25
CD1 T25
CD1 T25
70
69
69
69
69
69
CD1 T24
69
CD1 T24
70
CD1 T24

address
behind the scenes
boom
buzz
drop an email
eco-tourism
emerging market
enhance
entrepreneurship
formula
get round to it
implementation
implication
insight
intractable

v
v
n
v
n
n
v
n
n
v
n
n
n
adj

deal with
which the public dont see or meet
grow rapidly and successfully
feeling of excitement
send a short, quick email
tourism connected with the environment and nature
new or developing market
improve
the starting up of new businesses
combination of things which will produce the result you want
do what youve intended to do
putting something into action
possible effect
understanding
seemingly impossible to solve

68

Maori poi dance

dance performed by women using balls attached to strings. The poi

dance was originally used to increase the flexibility and strength in the
womens hands and arms for weaving.

69

networking

using the opportunity to meet people it might be useful to know

CD1 T23
CD1 T24
70
69
CD1 T23
CD1 T23
68

old hand
opening
outstanding
public sector
round the clock
time: for the time being
Umukai Polynesian feast

n
n
adj
n
adv

very experienced person

job opportunity
excellent
government organisations
all day and all night
for the moment
special meal where traditional food, kai (chicken, pork, sh and
vegetables), is steamed under banana leaves in a pit of hot stones, an
umu

CD1 T25 up-and-coming

69
winning combination

adj
n

successful
a successful mixture

excellent reports in both quantity and quality

the average number of rooms occupied in a hotel over a period of
time, in this case, a year
period of three months

UNIT 15
73
72

coverage: brilliant coverage

occupancy rate

n
n

73

quarter

UNIT 16
76

action point

76

adjourn

76
76
CD1 T27
77
78

call off
chair
get together
outcome
promotional literature

v
v
v
n
n

thing assigned to specic person to be achieved before the next

meeting
stop a meeting temporarily with the intention of continuing it at a later
time
cancel
direct or manage a meeting
organise, produce
result
written adverts and marketing material about a company, designed to
encourage people to buy its products or services

76
77

put off
put solutions into practice

v
v

delay or postpone
act to solve the problem, not just think about it and then do nothing

76
76
CD1 T28
CD1 T27

set up
skip
while were about it
workshop

v
v

organise
not attend a meeting on purpose
at the same time
meeting of people to discuss and/or perform practical work

UNIT 17
83
83
83

appeals to
billion
classied ad

v
n
n

83
85
85

cyberspace
date: to date
desktop

85

dot-com: the dot-com crash

83
83
85

e-commerce
hardware
knowledge worker

n
n
n

the activity of selling goods or services through the Internet

computer equipment or machinery (as opposed to software)
a person whose job requires a high level of education and training

85
85
83
83

mission
network
one-stop shopping
page view

n
n
n
n

company's main purpose

linked computers which can share information and programs
service providing everything you need in one place
individual website page read by people logged onto the Internet

82
82

PDA
Personal Digital Assistant

n
n

83

place a premium on

short for Personal Digital Assistant

mini handheld computer which has multiple functions such as wordprocessing, spreadsheet, diary and calendar facilities
make very important

interests
one thousand million (,,,)
small advertisement usually placed by private individuals or small
companies
the imaginary place where Internet data exists
up to the present time
software program where icons and les are displayed on a computer
screen
period when there was fast growth in dot-com companies. A dot-com
company is one that sells goods and services through the Internet.
The projected income of many companies never materialised, and a
lot of shareholders' money was lost in a short space of time

82
CD1 T29
83
85
85
CD1 T29
83
CD1 T29
85
83

real time
refine
roughly
streamline
title effect
top-heavy
track
twenty-four: 24/7 (twenty-four
seven)
upside
web browser

n
v
adj
v
n
adj
v

at the same time without having to wait

improve by making small changes
approximately
make a company, organisation or process more efficient
the way the title of a movie is brought onto the screen
with too many senior managers for the size of the company
monitor movements of, for example, parcels or shipments
all the time, 24 hours a day, seven days a week

n
n

advantage
computer program which gives you access to the Internet

v
v
adj
v

search the Internet

press the mouse button
not working, disconnected for a time
transfer information from the Internet to a computer
available for immediate use
find, locate
first/front page of a website
small picture or symbol on a computer screen that you click on to
open a program
site which people visit mainly for the information it contains
people who will quickly leave your website and go to another one if
they dont nd it interesting
a computer programming language frequently used on the Internet

UNIT 18
CD2 T1
86
86
CD2 T2
86
CD2 T2
CD2 T1
86
87

across the spectrum

browse
click
down
download
fingertips: at your fingertips
get at
home page
icon

88
88

information-rich site
itchy ngers

n
n

88

Javascript

CD2 T2 junk

v
n
n

adj

information sent to people, although they do not want it and have not
asked for it, usually advertising products or services
as far as I know

v
n
n

close down a computer

person that you love, usually a member of your family
moving around and locating of information

CD2 T1 knowledge: to my knowledge

88
log off
CD2 T1 loved one
86
navigation

86
86

online
portal

adj, adv
n

connected to the Internet

website which provides information and links to other websites

86
88
88

search engine
set way
site map

n
n
n

website which helps you nd other websites

xed method
plan of where to nd information on a website and how the pages link
together
including the widest possible range of people

adj

simple and easy to understand

working in or involved with a particular industry
improve the quality or usefulness
easy to operate
give someone a small experience to make them more interested

CD2 T1 spectrum: across the spectrum

88
89
89
86
CD2 T2

straightforward
trade: in the trade
upgrade
user-friendly
whet someones appetite

v
adj
v

UNIT 19
90
93
90
90
91
CD2 T3

absenteeism
cutbacks
implement
machine tool
peak time
rush hour

n
pl n
v
n
n
n

CD2 T3 sick leave

91

staff retention

90

staff turnover

91
take for granted
CD2 T3 tie it into my work
CD2 T3 uptight

v
v
adj

people taking time off work when they should be there

reductions made in order to save money
put into operation
tool which uses power to cut and shape strong materials
the busiest time
the busy part of the day when people are travelling to and from work,
and towns and cities are crowded
absence from work through illness or when you say you are ill
because you do not want to go to work
keeping employees and persuading them not to work for another
company
the number of employees leaving their jobs and new ones starting in a
company
believe something to be the truth without thinking about it
plan it to t what I have to do
stressed and easily annoyed

90

working party

small group of people which studies a particular problem or situation

and then reports on what it has discovered and gives suggestions

91
90

working practice
work-life balance

n
n

way of working
the amount of time you spend at work compared with your free time

adj
adj

of good value to you for the amount of money paid

from within the same country
at the same time having a negative effect on
systems of connected computers within organisations through which
employees can communicate with each other and share information

UNIT 20
94
94
CD2 T5
CD2 T4

cost-effective
domestic
expense: at the expense of
intranets

95
justify
CD2 T5 leave high and dry

v
v

95
94

non-committal
outsource

adj
v

94

phenomenon (pl phenomena)

provide a good enough reason

put in a difcult and inconvenient situation which is difcult to get out
of
not expressing an opinion
employ companies outside the organisation to do part of the
organisations work
something unusual or interesting which is extremely successful

97

pros and cons

pl n

advantages and disadvantages

UNIT 21
100
101
101
102
CD2 T6

best practice
bond
business case
business culture
comment card

n
n
n
n
n

best way of working

relationship
the real value to the business
the beliefs and way of behaving of a particular company
card on which customers write their opinions and suggestions

101

competitive advantage

having an advantage over your competitors by being better than them

102

competitive differentiation

102
101

condence: have condence in

someone
dealership
n

101
101

drive
empowerment

v
n

101
101
101
100
100
CD2 T6
101
CD2 T6
CD2 T6
100

engaged
provider of choice
repurchase
return on investment
revenue
sample shop
time and time again
trade in
trolley
vendor

adj
n
v
n
n
n
adv
v
n
n

the special things about a companys products that make them

different from those of other companies
trust someones abilities
business that sells the products of a particular company, e.g. car
dealership
work hard to produce
giving employees responsibility so that they have the power to make
their own decisions in their job
involved and interested
the company people prefer to shop with
continue buying
the prot made from something you have invested in
income from doing business
typical representation of what people would normally buy
repeatedly
exchange
cart
person or organisation who sells something

UNIT 22
106
CD2 T8
104
106
105
106
CD2 T8
106
106
107
CD2 T7

after-sales service
brief
bulletin
commitment
customer care
customer services manager
discount the job
help desk
helpline
mail order
National Curriculum

n
n
n
n
n
n
v
n
n
n
n

105
105

point of purchase
protable

n
adj

help or advice received after a purchase has been made

set of instructions
short, written news update
willingness to give time and energy
the way customers are treated
person responsible for beforeand after-sales service
reduce the price
place customers can visit or phone when they have problems
telephone service for when customers have problems
buying goods, usually from a catalogue, by post
the set of subjects that children in England and Wales must study
from the age of ve to sixteeen
the place where a product is sold
bringing advantages

CD2 T8 quote
CD2 T7 rack up
107
rapport

n
v
n

CD2 T7
107
CD2 T8
CD2 T7

register
retain
stand by
subscription service

v
v
v
n

CD2 T8
106
106
CD2 T8
CD2 T8
105

swallow
take trouble
target customer
there and then
up-front
user group

v
v
n
adv
adj
n

107

whatever they throw at you

price someone offers to do a job for / supply goods at

accumulate
good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well
with them
show, express
keep
dont change
providing a service in return for a regular payment which can be
cancelled at any time
accept
make an effort
person or organisation you would like to have as a customer
immediately
honest
group of people who are interested in your products and can give you
feedback
all their complaints and requests

UNIT 23
109
109
110
109
111
CD2 T9
CD2 T9
111
CD2 T9

deliberate
door-to-door
hoist
long-standing
man hour
plate: a lot on my plate
point out
shipment
take notice of

v
adj
n
adj
n
v
n
v

think carefully about something

all the stages of a journey from the beginning to the end
machine used for lifting heavy things
for a long time
the amount of work one person can do in an hour
large amount of important work to deal with
make clear
large amount of goods sent together
give attention to

stay informed about the most recent facts

short, amusing story

UNIT 24
114
115

abreast: keep abreast of

anecdote

113

benchmark

114
113
CD2 T10
CD2 T10
114
CD2 T10
CD2 T11
112
CD2 T10

customer prole
feature
get a feel for
hassle
keep abreast of
no end of
opposite number
retrospect: in retrospect
understaffed

n
v
v
n
v

Yerlin Mero Dueas

n
adj

high level of quality which can be used as a standard when comparing

other things
description of an average customer
include as an important part
develop a good knowledge or understanding of
trouble
stay informed about the most recent facts
a lot of
person who has a similar job to you in a different organisation
thinking back to something in the past
without enough employees