Climate Change Mitigation

& Adaptation: Whose job

is it?
Jennifer L. Ramos
Environmental Lawyer

Outline
Introduction to Climate Change
The Worlds Role
Role of National Government Agencies
LGUs Role
Your Role

Where are we now?

95% certain that warming is caused by humans
2 degrees threshold
.85 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times
565 gigatons of carbon emissions to stay below two degrees.*

2,795 gigatons of carbon emissions are worth about $27

trillion.*
*http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warmings-terrifying-newmath-20120719page=2#ixzz31BPhAu8M

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/04/coal/ch
arts-interactive

Where are we now?

Climate Change Impact in Asia

IPCC WG2 AR5

The World
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Objective of the Convention: To stabilize greenhouse gas
concentrations "at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

Kyoto Protocol
Industrialized countries are obliged to cut their
emissions by an average of about 5% for the period
2008-2012 compared with 1990 levels.
Only developed countries have emission cuts because
the KP recognizes that they are largely responsible for
the current high levels of GHG emissions in the
atmosphere, which resulted from more than 150 years
of industrial activity.

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/04/coal/chartsinteractive

Top Ten in Coal Consumption

Conference of Parties
Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) is a
technology transfer mechanism on climate
technologies. Developing countries can now request
from CTCN resources to develop and implement clean
energy technologies.
Green climate Fund provides funding support to
developing countries to limit or reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the impacts
of climate change. (USD 100 billion per year by 2020)

Conference of Parties
Warsaw Framework for REDD+ (Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in
Developing Countries)
Funding will hopefully cut deforestation in half by
2020 and halting it by 2030.

Conference of Parties
Establish mechanism to address loss and damage due
to adverse impacts of climate on developing countries.

Covers both economic and non-economic losses such

as loss of livelihood, damage to property, food
insecurity, climate migration, loss of identity, and
potential human rights abuses.

National Government Agencies

Climate Change Act (RA 9729)
Peoples Survival Fund (RA 10174)
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
(RA 10121)

Climate Change Commission

Source: http://climate.gov.ph/index.php/about-ccc/organizational-structure

Functions*
The lead policy-making body of
the government on climate
change;
Coordinate and synchronize
climate change programs
Formulate a Strategic
Framework on Climate Change
Formulate the Climate Change
Action Plan
Formulate strategies for
mitigating GHG emissions
Represent the Philippines in
climate change negotiations
Recommends proposals for
approval of PSF Board

Promote and provide technical

and financial support to local
research and develop merit
programs and projects;

Formulate and update guidelines

for determining vulnerability to
climate change impacts and
adaptation assessments and
facilitate the provision of
technical assistance for their
implementation and monitoring;
Create an enabling environment
for the design of relevant and
appropriate risk-sharing and risktransfer instruments

Role of National Government Agencies

DepED integrates climate change into the primary and
secondary education curricula;

DILG and Local Government Academy provides a training

program for LGUs;
DENR oversees the establishment and maintenance of a
climate change information management system and
network (risks, activities and investments);
DFA reviews international agreements related to climate
change and make the necessary recommendation for
ratification and compliance by the government;

Role of National Government Agencies

PIA disseminates information on climate change, local
vulnerabilities and risk, relevant laws and protocols
and adaptation and mitigation measures;
Government financial institutions provide preferential
financial packages for climate change- related projects;

National Climate Change Adaptation Plan

NCCAP outlines specific
adaptation and mitigation
strategies in the following areas:

Food security
Water sufficiency
Environmental and ecological
stability

The LGUS must formulate their

action plans consistent with the
NCCAP

Human security
Climate-friendly industries and
services

Sustainable energy
Knowledge capacity
Source:http://climate.gov.ph/index.php/nccap-technical-document-nccap

Food Security
Develop climate-resilient crop and livestock production
systems and technologies (DA 2011-2016)

Conduct of provincial-level vulnerability and risk

assessments for the agriculture and fisheries. (DA &
LGUs 2011-2016)
Establish farmers field school to demonstrate best
adaptation practices. (DA 2011-2022)

Peoples Survival Fund

A special fund in the National Treasury for
the financing of adaptation programs and
projects based on the National Strategic
Framework;
One billion from the General Appropriation
Act
Local Government Units and Accredited
Local Organizations

Managed by the PSF Board

Uses of the Peoples Survival Fund*

Adaptation activities;
Improvement of the monitoring of vector-borne diseases
triggered by climate change;
Forecasting and early warning;
Institutional development for preventive measures,
planning, and management of impacts;
Strengthening or establishing regional centers and
information networks;
Serving as guarantee for risk insurance needs for farmers;
and
Community adaptation support programs.
*Sec. 20 of R.A. 9729 as amended by R.A. 10174

DRRMC Institutions
National Disaster Risk and Reduction Management
Council (Office of the Civil Defense & NDRRM
Operation Center)
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training
Institutes

Regional Disaster Risk and Reduction Management

Council
Provincial/City/Municipal DRRMC
Provincial/City/Municipal DRRM Office

Barangay Development Council

National Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Council
Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND) as
Chairperson

DILG Secretary as Vice Chairperson for Disaster

Preparedness,
DSWD Secretary as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response

DOST Secretary as Vice Chairperson for Disaster

Prevention and Mitigation, and
NEDA Director-General as Vice-Chairperson for Disaster
Rehabilitation and Recovery.

NDRRMC Functions
Develop a NDRRMF which will serve as the principal guide
to disaster risk reduction and management efforts in the
country;
Establish a national early warning and emergency alert
system through diverse mass media to include digital and
analog broadcast, cable, satellite television and radio,
wireless communications, and landline communications;
Manage and mobilize resources for disaster risk reduction
and management including the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Fund;

Office of Civil Defense

Formulate and implement the NDRRMP and ensure that
the physical framework, social, economic and environmental
plans of communities, cities, municipalities and provinces
are consistent with such Plan.
Establish SOP on the communication system among
provincial, city, municipal, and barangay DRRMCs, for
purposes of warning and alerting them and for gathering
information on disaster areas before, during and after
disasters;
Prepare the criteria and procedure for the enlistment of
accredited community disaster volunteers (ACDVs),
including a manual of operations for volunteers.

Local Government Unit

Craft Local Climate Change Adaptation Plan
Craft DRRM Plan
Conduct risk and vulnerability assessment of local
infrastructures. (Structural Adaptation)

Identify, map, & profile disaster prone areas.

Expand Protected Areas (Ecosystem-based Adaptation)
Craft Building Code

Local Government Units

Philippine Risk Insurance Scheme for Municipalities
(PRISM)

Payments will be made based not on loss and damage but on

quantifiable data such as wind speed, amount of rainfall or
earthquake intensity.
Payment can be made immediately since the places affected
by calamities can be determined real time
PRISM is based on LGU tax income and that the payout is
a percentage of such.
It can be a combination of local resources and donors
money but the beneficiaries will still be the municipalities.

Albay Best Practices

Zero Casualty through pre-emptive evacuation;
Albay Integrated Agricultural Rehabilitation Program:
Farm clusters are established to assist farmers and
fisher folk in their agricultural needs, food assistance,
technological needs, and training needs;

Climate Change Academy.

LDRRMC*
Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the
LDRRMPs;
Ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation into local development plans, programs
and budgets;
Recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive
evacuation of local residents, if necessary;
Request for assistance abroad in accordance with sec. 23 of
the LGC**
*Sec. 11(b) of R.A. 10121
**Rule 14, sec. 2 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations

LDRRMO*
Formulate and implement the LDRRMP
Conduct continuous disaster monitoring;
Mobilize LGUs, CSOs, and volunteers;
Identify, assess and manage the hazards and risks that may occur
in their locality;
Respond to and manage emergencies and carry out recovery
activities;
Ensure efficient mechanism for immediate delivery of food,
shelter and medical supplies;
Establish a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations
Center
*Sec. 12(c) of R.A. 10121

Prohibited Acts*
Dereliction of duties;
Preventing entry and
distribution of relief
goods, equipment and
disaster teams/experts;

Buying and selling relief

goods and equipment;

*Sec. 19 of R.A. 10121

Forcibly seizing relief

goods and equipment;

Diverting or misdelivery
of relief goods and
equipment;
Possessing or using relief
goods, equipment or
other aid commodities
not intended for nor
consigned to him/her;

Prohibited Acts
Misrepresenting the source of
relief goods and equipment
by:
Covering, replacing or
defacing the labels of the
containers;
Repacking;
Making false verbal claim;

*Sec. 19 of R.A. 10121

Replacing relief goods and

equipment with the same
items or cheaper quality;
Illegal solicitations;
Using false data;
Tampering with or
stealing equipment.

Penalties*
P50,000.00 to P500,000.00;
6 years and 1 day to 12 years;
Perpetual disqualification from public office;
Confiscation or forfeiture of the objects;
Cancellation or revocation of license or accreditation.

Deportation
*Sec. 20 of R.A. 10121

You
Behavior, lifestyle and culture have a considerable influence
on energy use and associated emissions, with high
mitigation potential in some sectors.
Emissions can be substantially lowered through changes in
consumption patterns (e.g., mobility demand and mode,
energy use in households, choice of longerlasting products)
and dietary change and reduction in food wastes.

A number of options including monetary and

nonmonetary incentives as well as information measures
may facilitate behavioral changes.
WG II AR5

Cree Indian Prophecy

Only after the last tree has been cut down,
Only after the last river has been poisoned,
Only after the last fish has been caught,
Only then will you realize that money cannot be eaten.