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M.A English Notes, Punjab University Lahore, Novel, Adam_Bede
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Published by Iftikhar Hussain Rizvi
M.A English Notes, Punjab University Lahore, Novel, Adam_Bede
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Email:ifitkahrrizvi@yahoo.com---Ph:+9203006150661
By
(1819-1880)
The main story revolves around the lifeand love of
Adam Bede
, a carpenter of good and honest character.
Adam
is apractical head of his family, which includes his father,
Thais Bede,
who hastaken to drink and has lost the respect of his son,
Lisbeth,
the well meaning butweakly fussy mother and
Seth Bede,
his brother, who is a Methodist.
Seth
is inlove with his fellow
Methodist, Dinah Morris.
Although,
Seth
has tried his luckwith
Dinah
once yet tries his luck once again.
Seth
assures her that marriagewill not prove a hindrance in her religious duties.
Dinah
respects him very much,but she does not accept his proposal, because she feels that she should
notmarry. However, she assures him that if she ever thinks of marriage, he would bethe first one.
Poor
Seth
is dejected but tries to find consolation (
) in herassurance.
Adam
is working in the workshop of Mr. Burge who desires that
Adam
should marry his daughter. In that case, he is ready to make him a partner in thebusiness.
However,
Adam
is in love with the pretty nice of Poysers named
Hetty
Sorrel.
Hetty
is a woman of a very shallow nature. Moreover, she has a softcorner for the heir of the village
squire (
) namely
Arthur-Donnithorne
.
Arthur
is a childhood friend of
Adam
. He is a good man but is of a weak moralcharacter and cannot resist the charm of
Hetty
. Unknown to
Adam
,
Arthur
and
Hetty
meet in the woods in the cottage which
Arthur
has furnished for living. Ata birthday party,
Arthur
has paid great attention to
Hetty
, so that she startedthinking to live a life of with
Arthur
and of the charms of that such a life wouldprovide. Naturally, the offer of
Adam
now means nothing to vain
Hetty
.
Arthur
and
Hetty
are once surprised in the woods by
Adam
, who happensto pass that way just when two lovers are bending down for a kiss.
Adam
getsangry to see that he is being betrayed by his best friend. He forces a fight on
Arthur
and knocks him unconscious. In fact, for a time it appears to
Adam
thathe has killed
Arthur
.
Adam
insists that the affair must end at once. He forces
Arthur
to write a letter to
Hetty,
in which he informs her that their love-affairmust not continue.
Hetty
is shocked to find all her dreams turning to dust and
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ashes. In this situation a proposal from
Adam
appears to her a best chance.Burge offers partnership to
Adam
regardless of marriage with his daughter.
Adam
is now in a position to support a wife and makes a proposal to
Hetty
.
Hetty
accepts him and an early date is fixed for their marriage.All seems to be well for the major
characters,
Adam
,
Arthur
and
Hetty
,when a tragedy strikes a swift blow which engulfs all of them.
Hetty
discoversherself pregnant. She did not inform anyone about this situation. On the pretext(
) of inviting
Dinah
for marriage,
Hetty
leaves home. The object of her journey is
Arthur
, how has gone away with his regiment but has left his address with herin case of an emergency.
After a tiring journey, she reaches the place butdiscovered that in the meanwhile the regiment has
moved to Ireland. At the end of her resources, she at last decided to meet Dinah. However, she
unexpectedly gives birth to a child in the house of a kind-hearted and God-fearing couple.
Sheleaves the place on the very next day. It is known later that she placed the infantin a hollow
under a tree and covered it with grass and small pieces of wood. Later,she comes back to look for
the child, which, in the meanwhile, has been takenaway by a man who has seen a small hand
coming out of the grass. On reachinghome, he finds the infant to be dead. He informs authorities
and
Hetty
is arrestedfor child-murder.In Hays lope, this news first reaches the priest,
Mr. Irwin.
In themeanwhile,
Adam
has been on the futile search for
Hetty
. He, now, learns thebitter truth from

Irwin
and also tells him that he knows about
Hetty
and
Arthur
.
Hetty
is tried for the crime of murdering her own child, is found guilty andsentenced to death. She is
saved from the very verge (
) of death by a hardwon relief by

Arthur
. Her punishment is changed into life imprisonment.
Dinah Morris
succeeds in moving the hardened heart of
Hetty
andobtaining a full confession from her. During
Hettys
trial she comes in closecontact with
Adam
and falls in love with him.
Seth
despairs of success with
Dinah
in his love-suit and asks
Adam
to try his luck with her.
Adam
does soand is accepted.
Hetty
undergoes a long imprisonment, is released but dies onher way home.
Arthur
decides to join the army and leaves Hays lope.
Q 1:
Discuss merits and demerits of George Eliots plot construction with special reference to her
novel Adam Bede.
Page
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18
Or
What are the new trends that are introduced by George Eliot in plot construction in English novel
writing? Discuss with special reference to her novel Adam Bede.
Answer:
George Eliot
is considered to be a revolutionary name in the field of novelwriting. She has been considered
among the last of Victorians but first in themodern novelist. Her modern approach created a
sensation in the literary circles.In the hands of
George Eliot
novel undergoes a clear cut change. It is truly saidthat from the time of Fielding to
George Eliot
conception (
) of the form of English novel remained unchanged.One of the important changes introduced by
George Eliot
is that of providing a complex plot and psychoanalysis of her characters. In
Adam Bede
she has very beautifully given the inner workings of
Arthur
,
Adam
and
Hetty
sminds. She analyses their motives, mental process, inner conflicts, their soulsand development
of their characters. She dissects the soul of her characters andbrings out their inner struggle.In
the earlier novels, the plot was of straightforward nature and unity wasonly in terms of the
presence of hero. But, in the novels of
George Eliot
we comeacross the refined (
) elements of the crafts of fiction. The plot of

Adam Bede
is not well unified as that of
Mill on The Floss
and
Middlemarch
, yet it shows the quality introduced by
George Eliot
.
Adam Bede
does not have a loose plot to which we were used to in theearly novels of Jane Austen and
Dickens. The plot of this novel is skillfully puttogether and we really appreciate the full magic of its
story and see that it is agreat work of art. The plot is preconceived (
) by the author. The story unfolds the character as it proceeds further. The story teller works her
will on usbecause we are convinced that these people and town or village actually exists.When
we read the suffering of the characters, we indulge in the natural humantendency to
sympathize.In
Adam Bede
the events and the background are intermingled perfectly. The evolution of the plot depends
upon the qualities of the characters as well asthe opportunities provided and restrictions imposed
by the environment. This isexactly what happens in
Adam Bede
. The opportunities and restrictions act andreact so impressively that the plot takes a lofty image
in the eyes of the readers.
Page
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The full effect of

Arthur
s submission to the sensual appeal of
Hetty
s charm andinnocence and all that happens later on depends upon the relationship of boththe
character to each other and to the world. The pride and self-respect of Poysers(
Hetty
s family), is established in readers mind by the vivid () picture of theirsurroundings, their
domestic life and the performing of their church duties. Allthese elements play a very vital role in
the plot of
Adam Bede
to cause a tragedy and enhancing the bitterness. It is the social background and the standard of
conduct that makes it necessary for
Hetty
to run away before the birth of illegalchild. It is the honour which creates a sense of affliction (
) for them.
Adam Bede
deals with different aspects of human life at different levels.Even
Arthur
cannot tolerate the shame that was brought due his relation with
Hetty
. Most of the action that we see in this regard provides us the inner psycheof the characters and
reveals the importance of this form of honour. This specialinterest of the plot is the whole novel.
As famous critic
Gerald Bullet
says,
The dramatic strength of Adam Bede lies in the story of Hetty, so strongly imagined and so
honestly told, giving the reader great psychological insight into the behaviour patterns of the
characters involved in special intimacy. The sense of humanity, warm sense of rural comedy and
hustle and bustle of life is wonderfully amalgamated in the main plot.
Like all great novels,
Adam Bede
has also some flaws. Critics make thepoint that the end of the novel is not that impressive as it
should be. Theweakness of plot is mentioned on different levels. The oppressive (
) natureof
Adam
and Dinah, the sacrifice of probability (
), and the untidy (
)ending have often been mentioned in this regard. But these minor flaws becomepardonable (

) when we see that Georg Eliot was giving new trends in thefield of plot construction. This new
experiment bound to have some failure.In short, it can be safely said that
Adam Bede
has a very special chain of events which has been marvelously arranged to build a forceful plot.
George Eliot
s effort is highly appreciable in this regard.
Q 2:
Discuss George Eliots art of characterization with special reference to Adam Bede.
Answer:
In novel writing, like the dramatic art the significance of characterizationcannot be denied.
Particularly the modern novelists lay great emphasis on the
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. He, now, learns thebitter truth from

) of death by a hardwon relief by

) elements of the crafts of fiction. The plot of

The full effect of

), and the untidy (

MA English Notes The Rape of Lock

More From This User

IFTIKHAR HUSSAIN RIZVI

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