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VIRTUAL REALITY IN
ARCHITECTURE
DESCRIPTION
Virtual reality provides an impressive computer interface that makes
the users believe they are inside the computer-generated environment.
In many domains, virtual reality is starting to change the way in
which people use computers to interact with and manipulate digital
information. This course explores the technologies, the underlying
principles, and the potential applications of virtual reality in
architecture. Lectures and lab sections will present the theoretical and
technical information required for developing a number of virtual
reality applications in architecture. There will be no computer
programming background required for this course. However, students
are assumed to have a background in using geometric modeling
applications such as AutoCAD or FormZ. The course is divided into
two segments. The first introduces the principles, tools, and technical
skills that are required for building virtual reality applications. In the
second segment, students will build a virtual reality application that
applies the principles covered in the first segment to architecture.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Introduce the principles and existing technologies of virtual reality
through hands on exercises, explore some of the potential application
in architecture, discuss some of the evaluative criteria that make a
"good" VR application in architecture, introduce a number of
approaches to creating virtual environments.
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DESCRIPTION
Working in groups of two or individually, students were asked to start
from any existing building model or create a new one. In selecting the
projects students were required to demonstrate a number of the virtual
reality techniques that were introduced in the course and be able to
provide more than just a walk through. Each group was required to
write a proposal that described their project, its objectives, the
environments that will be modeled and the expected user interaction
with the environment. The environments were modeled in AutoCAD
r13, FormZ, or 3DS Max. Students used VRML 1.0, Open Inventor,
and World Up for the VR interactions.
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Fantasy Environment
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CAD FUNDAMENTALS II
COURSE OVERVIEW
The course focuses on three-dimensional computer-aided modeling
and rendering of architectural forms. It is intended for individuals
with little computer-aided design knowledge who wish to learn how to
use existing architectural CAD software. The course investigates a
number of modeling concepts and rendering techniques through a set
of software packages that are commonly used in professional offices.
The software packages that will be used through the course are
AutoCAD R.13 and FormZ for solid and surface modeling; Auto
Vision and Render Zone for rendering and animation. The main
strengths of FormZ are its robust 3-dimensional modeling environment
and its ease of use. AutoCAD provides an integrated environment for
creating architectural models, manipulating their elements, and
representing their material, thermal, as well as structural properties
into data-bases. Notable examples of architectural precedent will be
the vehicle for introducing the main topics of this course.
In addition to learning the concepts of three-dimensional graphics
and how to use existing software packages, students will learn how to
convert their models into VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)
the language used to put three dimensional models on the web. The
basic concepts of HTML and VRML will be covered towards the end of
the term.
Note! As the size of AutoCAD and FormZ 3D modeling files can grow
rather quickly you will not be able to use diskettes to store your work.
Instead you need to have an IFS home directory and save all your
work there. If you do not know what IFS is, do not worry you will soon
learn all about it. If you use Mailstrom or Pine to read your email,
then you already have one.
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VRML Assignment 5%
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System :
Computer Human Interfaces
Computer Human Interfaces, ergonomic, etc.
General information
EVENTS
CHI'99
ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pittsburgh, PA May 15th-16th, 1999
STARTING POINTS
HCI Bibliography
Holds some 10,000 references to literature on human-computer
interaction, including hypertext/hypermedia Journal, Magazines, etc.
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HCI Letters
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
publishes original research over the whole spectrum of work on
both the theory and practice of human-computer interaction and
the human-machine interface. The journal covers the boundaries
between computing and artificial intelligence, psychology,
linguistics, mathematics, engineering, and social organization.
the News Letter on Intelligent User Interfaces
Articles
"The Foundations of Web Design"
by Jeffrey Veen
Wired Digital, Feb 1998
Some lessons on site building Associations, ...
ACM SIGCHI
HFES
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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HCIRN
Human-Computer Interaction Resource Network. The HCIRN mission
is to advance the practice of human-computer interaction (HCI) by
providing HCI professionals with relevant, accurate and timely
information on HCI theories, methods, practices and resources.
ETHZ MAN-MACHINE-INTERACTION
Development of Man-machine-Systems by understanding human
behavior, both from a cognitive and an ecological point of view.
SYSTEMS
Build-It At Ethz Man-Machine-Interaction
Wxwin
A free C++ library for building plateform independant interfaces
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VISUAL LANGUAGES
news:comp.lang.visual
Other
Desktop.com
MyInternetDesktop.com
Adaptive Interfaces
AH 2000
International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Webbased Systems
Trento, Italy
28-30 August 2000
STARTING POINTS
Articles, papers
"Exploiting user models for personalizing news presentations"
Liliana
Ardissono,
Luca
Console,
Ilaria
Torre
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User
Modeling on the WWW, 1999.
10
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by Peter Brusilovsky
2nd Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the WWW,
1999
11
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System :
Decision Making
Decision support systems, etc.
STARTING POINTS
STRATEGYWEB
provides Q&A hyperbook interactions with experts in business strategy.
StrategyWeb is a free resource for market analysts and researchers, strategic
planners, and others involved in market knowledge management.
FORECASTING BUSINESS CONNECTION
Articles, papers
12
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Institutes
The University of California Institute on Global Conflict & Cooperation
People
Mary Frances Luce
Consumer decision making under stress and negative emotion; medical decision
making from the patient/consumer perspective; effects of stress and emotion on
reactions to advertising
Dave Moriarty
Sequential decision tasks appear in many practical real-world
problems including control, resource allocation, and routing. ...
Note: Make use Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks.
13
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COMPANIES
Group Decision Support Systems, Inc.
GDSS provide expertise in decision-making technologies and group collaborative
planning.
Think Tools
Think Tools is a software-based support system for qualitative reasoning,
decision-making and knowledge management.
Logical Decisions
DECISION ALCHEMY
from Kikkup int.
14
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Lumina Decision Systems, Inc.
DADiSP
The Engineering Spreadsheet
From DSP Development Corporation.
A graphical data analysis software program for scientists and engineers.
Die
Denkfabrik
GmbH
(Butzbach
Frankfurt,
Germany)
Distributor
of
MBA-ware
(DPL,
Forecast
Pro,
...)
Contact Larry Moffett 100333.736@compuserve.com
RESEARCH
"The Open DSS Protocol "
His Website is to provide information on an Open DSS protocol that
has been proposed to facilitate the discovery of Decision Support
Systems (DSS) on the WWW.
15
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Artificial Intelligence :
Expert Systems
Rule based systems, etc.
The International Journal of Applied Expert Systems
Articles, Papers
"You can call Compaq's virtual technician "Al"
by Joe Wilcox
CNET News.com , September 28, 1999
Compaq Computer plans to pack a virtual self-help technician, "Al," in every
new Presario Internet PC
--- other
ConceptBase
A
deductive
object
manager
for
meta
databases
ConceptBase is a multi-user deductive object manager mainly intended for
conceptual modeling and coordination in design environments. The system
implements O-Telos, a dialect of Telos which amalgamates properties of
deductive and object-oriented languages. (free software available)
16
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EXPERT SYSTEMS
"Applying Expert System technology to enhance sort performance"
by Dr. Peter Liu, Syncsort Incorporated
InteliQuest
Evergreen
Internet,
Salt
Lake
City,
UT,
US
InteliQuest is offering "The World's 100 Greatest Books--Audiocassette
Collection"(TM)(C) for purchase online. This collection encompasses
many of the great classical works of literature. The Instant Expert
Learning System(TM)(C) is designed to help you retain the information
contained in the works.
Internet
Java
Discussions, News, ...
comp.lang.java
This Java powered site is focused specifically on displaying important Java dates
and
events.
Java
news
site
It contains links to articles from various online ezines and press releases
concerning all aspects of java and is typically updated daily.
17
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STARTING POINTS
Java
The main source of information for Java
Gamelan
A
Directory
and
Registry
of
Java
The main source of information about Java applications
Inside Java
Resources
This site deals with advanced java topics and examples, as well as
the latest Java news and developments.
The World Wide Web Virtual Library: The Java Programming Language
Java-channel.org/
Club
Java
Le Club a pour vocation de promouvoir la technologie Java et de la
mettre en avant sous forme d'actions de pedagogie, d'aide et d'assistance
pour ses adhrents.
ARTICLES
"Get smart with proxies and RMI. Use dynamic class loading to implement smart
proxies in RMI"
by M. Jeff Wilson
Javaworld , November 2000
18
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"Java and JavaScript: A potent partnership"
by Todd Sundsted
Javaworld , August 1999
DOCUMENTS
STARTING POINT
Servlet Taverne
Daily news from the Java Server Side World
Javacorporate
Javacorporate offers a collection of Open Source and Commercial Java
servlet based eBusiness web applications - ALL with source code and the
advantage of a collaborative infrastructure.
19
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MAGAZINES
Servlet Central
JRun Magazine
For JRun Developers and Users
ARTICLES
"Welcome
to
the
Wonderful
World
of
Servlets"
by
Alan
Williamson,
Servlet
Central ,
Oct-Nov
1998.
Alan Williamson kicks off his first column by walking through HTML form
processing with servlets.
20
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SYSTEMS
EJB Servers
by EJBHome
a list of EJB products that are available, now or in the future.
Enterprise JavaBeans
Enterprise JavaBeans allows developers to create scalable, multitier, distributed
applications, and makes possible the creation of dynamically extensible
application
servers.
read also: "A beginner's guide to Enterprise JavaBeans: An introductory
overview of the Java server-side application component standard " , Mark
Johnson, Javaworld , October 1998.
OTempo
An Open Template-Based Servlet System a flexible template based servlet system.
If you are looking for an easy way to add database driven pages on your intranet
or
web
site.
read also "OTembo - an Open Template-Based Servlet System" , by Gene
McKenna, Servlet Central , Oct-Nov 1998.
Jini
Jini technology enables spontaneous networking of a wide variety of
hardware and software - anything that can be connected.
Tengah
from Weblogic
JRun
from Live Software
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SERVLETS CODE
CoolServlets.com
High quality, free, open source Java servlets. Powerful enough for demanding
web developers, simple enough for new servlet users.
OpenJSA
An Open Source implementation of the JavaTM Servlet API
Miscelaneous
Technical Information
STARTING POINT
DOCUMENTS
The Java Programmer's Guide
Tutorial on the AWT toolkit
Symantec Cafe
Borland
22
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Jamba
from Aimtech
Netcraft
from Source Craft
WebGalaxy
from Allen System Group
Java Gateways
---- corba
Black Widow
from PostModern Computing
an Object Request Broker that connects Web browsers to CORBA objects
CorbaBeans Proof-of-Concept
---- databases
---- other
PageSpace
The project PageSpace aims at supporting networked applications which
require interaction between distributed software components and active
processing. It is based on the Internet and the World Wide Web but
introduces a notion of active Web-pages that are capable of executing
code.
A project funded by the EU in the ESPRIT Open LTR programme
OTHER
Tower Technology
Propose an optimizing java native compiler.
WebL
WebL is a scripting language for automating tasks on the World-Wide
Web. It is an imperative, interpreted language that has built-in support for
common web protocols like HTTP and FTP, and popular data types like
HTML
and
XML.
WebL's implementation language is Java, and the complete source code is
freely available.
23
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Concurency in Java
ARTICLES
"Programming Java threads in the real world"
by Allen Holub
JavaWorld , September 1998 (and later)
DOCUMENTS
Concurrent Programming in Java
This is the supplement to the book Concurrent Programming in Java: Design
Principles and Patterns by Doug Lea
"Concurrency and Synchronization"
Chapter 7 of the book "Tricks of the Java Programming Gurus" , by b y Glenn L.
Vanderburg. et al., 1996
"Mini Course: Threads of Control"
by Richard G Baldwin, 1998
BOOKS
"Concurrent Programming
by Doug Lea.
in
Java
Tutorials
and
design
patterns"
24
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Java TechTips
...
Java Beans
Java Beans
Infobus
InfoBus enables dynamic exchange of data between JavaBeans components
by defining a small number of interfaces between cooperating Beans and
specifying the protocol for use of those interfaces.
AlphaBeans
AlphaBeans, a new section devoted to JavaBeans-in-progress. Like all
products posted to AlphaWorks, these JavaBeans are free of charge and not
quite
finished.
part of IBM AlphaWork .
JavaShareware.com
Java site that includes Java Applications, Classes, Servlets, Beans and
hundreds of other Java projects.
JavaClass Warehouse
Class wb.WBCanvas
A set of class implementing the MVC paradigm
ORO
Check
out
NetComponents,
free
for
commercial
use.
does FTP, NNTP, SMTP, POP3, Telnet, TFTP, Finger, Whois, and other
frequently used Internet protocols.
25
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MIDDLEWARE
Voyager
from ObjectSpace
Voyager provides an agent framework architecture.
Jumping Beans
Infobus
Inter Java beans communication.
iBus
iBus is a novel Java middleware aimed at supporting intranet
applications such as content delivery systems, groupware, faulttolerant client-server systems, and multimedia applications. iBus
provides multicast channels that allow Java applications to
interact by a push/pull/subscribe communication model. The system
is conceived to run atop of IP multicast, although other protocols
can be supported as well. Applications running in separate
intranets can be bridged by iBus TCP message spoolers.
OSSCF
from Objective Software Solutions, Inc.
26
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COMPONENTS
Beans By Design
from Flashline.com
online marketplace for JavaBeans.
The process combines technologies like those used in online
auction, matchmaking, and recruiting systems.
Cetus Links
Thousant links on Objects & Components
LOTUS ESuite
ICE
The ICE Browser
applications.
is
an
Browser
embeddable
HTML
browser
for
OpenCube Inc.
"IBM adds Java and XML messaging, JVM for Linux. IBM says
XML "growing faster than Java""
by James Niccolai,
SunWorld , June 1999
"XML JavaBeans"
by Mark Johnson, Javaworld , February 1999.
This article describes just one possible application for XML: making
JavaBeans mobile and interoperable by representing them as XML
documents. Follow along as columnist Mark Johnson describes XML,
27
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defines his own custom markup language, and creates a class that
converts XML files to JavaBeans running in memory.
XML Servlet
from Cerium Component Software
for more information about XML tools, see also "The Whirlwind
Guide to SGML & XML Tools and Vendors"
Miscelaneous
"File Choosers"
Java TechTips , June 15, 1999.
JFileChooser is a class found in JavaTM Foundation Classes
(JFC) Project Swing that allows a user to select a file.
JARS
Java Applet ReviewS
JARS/JavaWorld
Another similar site
Applets review
28
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AWJavaBots
AWSDKJava is an encapsulation in java of the bots library of
the Active Worlds multi-users virtual reality system.
A little simulator
very Old !!!
NOTE:.
This prototype used the Graph layout example as a starting point.
However the simulator relies on a MVC (Model View Controler)
architecture.
Main sites
Gamelan
Cafe del Sol
The Sun Microsystems New Media Marketing Lab's exibition of Java
Applets. A collection of sophisticated Java applets complete with
source code and directions for adding these to your own home page.
LED applet
very nice
Clock
Small applications
EarthWeb
Includes an interactive bouncing ball demo
bacus
An abacus, and tutorial on using an abacus. Good educational
value.
Bouncing ball
Note: Application developed on a Mac.
The Impressionist
29
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Applications in Finance
WallStreetWeb
from BulletProof Corp
An Internet investor's site using Java extensively to provide stock
quotes, stock searching, charting and portfolio management.
TREX
dynamic auctioning game
Play in real time over the net against other people.
Market View
MKTVIEW is a freeware Java applet that allows you to chart stock
prices and volume over time
Other Applications
Dynamic Billboard
"Commercial" Applications
C|net home page
Great source for late breaking Web related technology news. Click on
a story headline in the scrolling window applet to go to that story.
InterNetivity Inc.
Nice demos (jumping rabbit, Slot Machine, Pinball, etc.)
30
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JavaCommerce
Miscelaneous
Iced Java
Iced Java is a Dimension X's 3D graphics package for use with Sun's
HotJava web browser. The first applications which has been written to
take advantage of Iced Java is Liquid Reality , a VRML browser and
toolkit. See also The VRML page
31
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A rtificial Intelligence :
Logic Approach
Prolog, ML, VDM, etc.
General Information
Events, Conferences, etc.
Discussions
comp.lang.prolog
MAGAZINES
Prolog and Java
BinProlog
A High Performance Prolog for Internet Programming
Jinni 2000 also includes a Java Based Prolog Cpmpiler and
Intelligent Mobile Agent Programming ToolKit
W-Prolog
W-Prolog is a simple Prolog interpreter written in Java. jProlog
jProlog is close to Clocksin-Mellish Prolog, with lots of the
typical builtins.You need a Prolog system (SICStus, BinProlog,
BIMprolog are ok - SWI doesn't work apparently)
see also
Pizza
IQSoft
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Object Technologies :
Object Methodologies
Software design best practices, design pattern,
UML, OOA, OOD, OMT, etc.
STARTING POINTS
AntiPatterns
An antipattern presents an approach that sounds good but
doesn't work! (by experience).
Demeter
Learn how you can create software which is easy to maintain
and evolve using Adaptive Programming (AP).
Centres
RISE
Research
in
Information
Systems
Excellence
RISE is an INSEAD initiative which objectives are:
33
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Articles
"More programmers going "Extreme""
by Cecily Barnes
CNET News.com , April 3, 2001
Welcome to a new world of computer programming--and say goodbye
to the image of the solitary code jockey working late into the night on
a diet of cold pizza and warm cola. Better yet, Extreme Programming
can help produce software that is not only of higher quality, but is
produced much more quickly than is the norm.
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SUMMARY
I anatomize a successful free-software project, fetchmail, that was run
as a deliberate test of some surprising theories about software
engineering suggested by the history of Linux. I discuss these theories
in terms of two fundamentally different development styles, the
``cathedral'' model of most of the commercial world versus the
``bazaar'' model of the Linux world. I show that these models derive
from opposing assumptions about the nature of the softwaredebugging task. I then make a sustained argument from the Linux
experience for the proposition that ``Given enough eyeballs, all bugs
are shallow'', suggest productive analogies with other self-correcting
systems of selfish agents, and conclude with some exploration of the
implications of this insight for the future of software.
This article provides some of the guiding principles to Mozila.org
Extreme Programming
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Prototyping
BuildPrototype Pattern
Reuse
IRG
Reuse Library Interoperability Group
Component World
Design Patterns
Christopher
Alexander's
The
Nature
a book review by Nikos A. Salingaros
--- articles
"Application
design
with
patterns,
Which object-oriented design patterns best respond to today's
ever-changing
business
architecture?"
By
Mark
Stason,
SunWorld
January
1999
In designing flexible software, it's essential that encapsulation
and the isolation of responsibility be followed -- and it's always
easier to extend a design by isolating those things that vary. IT
Architect Mark Stason describes specific design patterns that
of
Order
36
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Some
Design
Patterns
Different categories of pattern are covered: Creational Patterns
(BuilderPattern, etc.), Structural Patterns (BridgePattern, etc.),
Behavioral Patterns (CommandPattern, etc.).
Organizational Patterns
--- other
Companies
Rational
The
Object
Training in object technology
Expersoft
Corporation
Expersoft Corporation was established in 1989 to address the
emerging new market for distributed object management
software. The company develops and markets XShell, a
distributed
object
management
environment
(DOME)
comprising XShell Distributed ORB, and a suite of integrated
tools that address many of the problems associated with
building and managing distributed systems in large-scale
enterprise environments.
People
UML Tools
ROSE
from Rational
PLATINUM
from Platinum
Paradigm
Plus
37
VIRTUAL REALITY______________________________________________________
Together
from Object International
SELECT
Enterprise
from SELECT Software Tools.
Software
from Aonix
Together/J
UML editor. (java)
Object
Domain
Object Domain 2.0 is an object-oriented modeling tool based on
UML and developed in Java providing a scalable, platform
independent, user extendable CASE tool.
JAVision
through
Pictures
Frameworks
San
Francisco
SanFrancisco is an IBM application business components
framework
for
Java.
read also "More Java components from IBM" , By Randy Weston,
news.com ,
September
29,
1998
read also the white paper: "Lotus and IBM SanFrancisco
Business Components: Delivering Business and Groupware
Applications to your Desktop"
Talligent
Object Technologies :
comp.lang.smalltalk
38
VIRTUAL REALITY______________________________________________________
Smalltalk at uiuc
Smalltalk FAQ
At The Experimental Computing Facility (XCF), Berkeley
User groups
ESUG (fr)
ESUG (nl)
Summer School
Companies/Products
ParcPlace
The
products
Smalltalk/80
and
Also hosts the Digitalk line of products
VMARK
Intuitive
Object Connect
Smalltalk MT
VisualWork
39
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-----
Visual
Instance
for
by
DoIt
Visually edit Smalltalk objects, etc.
Smalltalk
Other
Squeak
Squeak is an open, highly-portable Smalltalk-80 implementation
whose virtual machine is written entirely in Smalltalk, making it
easy to debug, analyze, and change. To achieve practical
performance, a translator produces an equivalent C program
whose performance is comparable to commercial Smalltalks.
rockwell
About Little Smalltalk
C++
General information
comp.lang.c++
FAQ
SIGPLAN, C++
40
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Companies related
Other Languages
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The CAVE
The Electronic Visualizatiopn Lab at the University of Illinois at
Chicago, (EVL) , has developed the CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual
Environment) to enable scientists to interact with virtual worlds that
have been created from observed data or simulations. The CAVE is a
high-resolution projection-screen virtual reality system powered by a
Silicon Graphics Onyx parallel-processor computer. The screens are
arranged in a 10 foot cube with computer-generated images projected
on three walls and a floor. A viewer wears a 6-degrees of freedom
head tracker device and stereo-shutter glasses so that the correct
projections and perspectives are presented as the viewer moves inside
the CAVE. A wand (essentially a computer mouse) held by the viewer
allows interaction with the virtual environment. Also available is
CAVE simulator software which allows one to develop applications
for the CAVE on local platforms.
VIRTUAL REALITY______________________________________________________
then able to "fly" through this 3D environment and navigate their way
through the often abrupt bathymetry of the Bay. Semi-transparent 3D
isosurfaces derived from monthly observations of surface salinity were
displayed and animated, showing the seasonal change of salinity
throughout the Bay.
Visit the Electronic Visualization Lab at the University of Chicago
to find out more about this project including an animation of a
flythrough .
43
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VIRTUAL MEMORY
Virtual Memory is a concept used in some large computer
system that permit the user to construct programs as though a large
memory space were available, equal to the totality of auxiliary
memory. Each address that is referenced by the CPU goes through an
address mapping from the so-called virtual address to a physical
address in main memory. Virtual memory is used to give programmers
the illusion that they have a very large memory at their disposal, even
through the computer actually has a relatively small main memory. A
virtual memory system provides a mechanism for translating programs
generated addresses into correct main memory locations. This is done
dynamically, while programs are being executed in the CPU. The
translation or mapping is handled automatically by the hardware by
means of a mapping table.
44
VIRTUAL REALITY______________________________________________________
Virtual Address
Virtual
Adress
register
(20bits)
Memory
mapping
table
Main memory
address register
(15 bits)
Memory
table buffer
register
Main
Memor
y
Main
memory buffer
register
45