1.

(a)

k increases with increase in T / k decreases with decrease in T;

Do not allow answers giving just the Arrhenius equation or involving
ln k relationships.

(b)

gradient = Ea/R;
30000 (K) = Ea/R;
Allow value in range 2880031300 (K).
5

Ea =(30000 8.31=) 2.49 10 J mol

/249 kJ mol ;

Allow value in range 240260 kJ mol .

Allow [3] for correct final answer.

(c)

0.9 0.200 = 0.180 (mol dm );

2

rate = (0.244 (0.180) =) 7.91 10 mol dm s ;

Award [2] for correct final answer.
3
3 1
Award [1 max] for either 9.76 10 mol dm s or
5
3 1
9.76 10 mol dm s .

[6]

2.

(a)

cobalt has a greater proportion of heavier isotopes / OWTTE /

cobalt has greater number of neutrons;

(b)

27 protons and 25 electrons;

(c)

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d / [Ar] 3d ;

(d)

60

Co/Co-60/cobalt-60 and radiotherapy/sterilization of medical

supplies/radiation treatment of food sterilizations/industrial
radiography/density measurements in industry/(medical/radioactive) tracer;
Allow treatment of cancer.
Do not allow just used in medicine.
OR
57

Co/Co-57/cobalt-57 and medical tests/label for vitamin B12 uptake; 1 max

Do not allow just used in medicine.
[4]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

3.

(a)

vapour pressure ethoxyethane (81 10 Pa) > vapour pressure

3
3
benzene (16 10 Pa) > vapour pressure water (4 10 Pa);
If three correct vapour pressure values related to each substance
are stated alone award M1.
3
3
3
Allow range of 8085 10 Pa, 1418 10 Pa and 37 10 Pa.
Do not award mark for comparisons of just two substances.
water has hydrogen bonding;
benzene has van der Waals/London/dispersion forces;
ethoxyethane has dipoledipole forces (and van der Waals/London/
dispersion) but they are weaker than benzene;

(b)

81 C;
Allow 8082 C.

4
1
[5]

4.

delocalization/spread of pi/ electrons over more than two nuclei;

equal bond order/strength/length / spreading charge (equally) over all
three oxygens;
gives carbonate ion a greater stability/lower potential energy;
M3 can be scored independently.
Accept suitable labelled diagrams for M1 and M2 e.g.

OR

Do not penalize missing brackets on resonance structure but 2 charge must

be shown.
Allow 2 for charge on resonance structure.
[3]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

5.

mixing/combining/merging of (atomic) orbitals to form new orbitals (for bonding);

Allow molecular or hybrid instead of new.
Do not allow answers such as changing shape/symmetries of atomic orbitals.
Carbon dioxide: sp;
3
Diamond: sp ;
2
Graphite: sp ;
2
Carbonate ion: sp ;

5
[5]

6.

Molten sodium oxide: conducts because of free moving/mobile ions in

molten state;
Sulfur trioxide: doesnt conduct because no free moving/mobile charged
particles/it has neutral molecules;
Award [1 max] for stating molten sodium oxide conducts but sulfur
trioxide doesnt.
Do not award M2 for just sulfur trioxide does not conduct because
it is molecular.

[2]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

7.

Accept condensed formulas.

Award [1 max] if A and D are other way round (and nothing else correct).
Award [2 max] if A and D are other way round but one substitution product
B or E is correct based on initial choice of A and D.
Award [3 max] if A and D are other way round but both substitution
products B and E are correct based on initial choice of A and D.
M2 (for B) and M5 (for E) may also be scored for substitution product
if primary chloroalkane used.
Penalize missing hydrogens once only.

[5]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

8.

CH3CH2COOH + CH3OH
CH3CH2COOCH3 + H2O
[1] for reactants and [1] for products.
(concentrated) sulfuric acid/H2SO4;
+

Do not accept just H or acid.

methyl propanoate;

4
[4]

9.

(i)

curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O in HO to C;

Do not allow curly arrow originating on H in HO .

curly arrow showing Cl leaving;
Accept curly arrow either going from bond between C and Cl to Cl in
2-chloro-3-methylbutane or in the transition state.
representation of transition state showing negative charge, square
brackets and partial bonds;
Do not penalize if HO and Cl are not at 180 to each other.
Do not award M3 if OH ---- C bond is represented.

formation of organic product 3-methylbutan-2-ol and Cl ;

(ii)

OH has a negative charge/higher electron density;

greater attraction to the carbon atom (with the partial positive
charge) / OWTTE;
Do not allow just greater attraction.

2
[6]

10.

CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + KCN CH3CH2CH2CH2CN + KCl;

Accept CN for KCN and Cl for KCl.

pentanenitrile;
Allow 1-cyanobutane.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CN + 2H2 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2;
pentan-1-amine / 1-aminopentane / 1-pentylamine / 1-pentanamine;
Catalyst: nickel/Ni / palladium/Pd / platinum/Pt;
Penalize missing hydrogen once only.

5
[5]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

11.

(i)

the electron configuration (of argon) / 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p ;

(ii)

x = 1 and y = 5;

(iii)

4s

3d

Accept all six arrows pointing down rather than up.

1
[3]

12.

(i)

the concentration (of nitrogen(II) oxide);

Award [0] if reference made to equilibrium.

(ii)

mol dm s / dm mol s ;
1
3 2 1
Accept (mol dm ) s .

1
[2]

13.

(i)

(ii)

complex (ion) / the charge is delocalized over all that is contained in

the brackets;

colour is due to energy being absorbed when electrons are promoted

within the split d orbitals;
the colour observed is the complementary colour to the energy
absorbed / OWTTE;
Accept either answer for first mark.
changing the ligand / coordination number / geometry changes
the amount the d orbitals are split/energy difference between the
d orbitals / OWTTE;

2 max
[3]

14.

the reaction gives out (Gibbs Free) energy that can do work;
G for the reaction has a negative value;
a reaction that occurs without adding energy (beyond that required to
overcome energy barrier);

1 max
[1]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

15.

Na2O + H2O 2Na + 2OH / Na2O + H2O 2NaOH;

P4O10 + 6H2O 4H3PO4;
Ignore state symbols.

2
[2]

16.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

by definition Hh of elements (in their standard states) is zero / no

reaction involved / OWTTE;
H = 104 (+20.4);
1
= 124.4 (kJ mol );
1
Award [1 max] for 124.4 (kJ mol ).
Award [2] for correct final answer.
S = 270 (267 + 131);
1
= 128 (J K mol );
1
1
Award [1 max] for +128 (J K mol ).
Award [2] for correct final answer.

(128 298)
1000
G = H TS = 124.4
;
1
= 86.3 kJ mol ;
Units needed for the mark.
Award [2] for correct final answer.
Allow ECF if only one error in first marking point.

G = H TS = 0 / H = TS;
124.4
T = 128 / 1000 = 972 K / 699 C;
Only penalize incorrect units for T and inconsistent S value
once in (iv) and (v).

2
[9]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

17.

(a)

correct isomer 3D structure;

correct name;
correct enantiomer 3D structure;
If compound incorrectly named award [2 max] for two correct 3D
enantiomers, and [1 max] for a correct structure of an enantiomer not
shown in 3D.
If non-optically active isomers given (e.g. 2-bromo-2-methyl-butane)
award [1 max] if name and 3D structure are correct.
Accept condensed form for alkyl chain throughout.

IB Questionbank Chemistry

(b)

(i)

curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O in

HO to C bonded to Br;

Do not allow curly arrow originating on H in HO (e.g. originating

on negative charge on H, i.e. lone pair/negative charge must be on O).

curly arrow from CBr bond to form Br (this can also be

shown in transition state);
transition state showing overall negative charge;
Accept condensed formulas as long as curly arrows can
still be shown, e.g.

If wrong formula used for halogenoalkane, e.g. 1-bromobutane

award [2 max].

IB Questionbank Chemistry

(ii)

curly arrow from CBr bond to form Br ;

correct structure of tertiary carbocation;
curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O

+
in HO to C ;
If non-bonding pair not shown then arrow must originate from
negative sign on O or the minus sign.
Only penalize arrow from H once in (b).
If wrong formula is used for 2-bromo-2-methylbutane
award [2 max].
(iii)

(iv)

(v)

the C bonded to the Br in 1-bromopentane is also bonded

to two H atoms so can accommodate five groups around it
in the transition state / OWTTE;
the C bonded to the Br in 2-bromo-2-methylbutane has
three other (bulky) groups bonded to it so cannot
accommodate five groups around it in the transition state /
OWTTE;
2-bromo-2-methylbutane forms a tertiary carbocation
which is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the
three alkyl groups / OWTTE;
1-bromopentane would form a primary carbocation (if it
went by SN2) which is much less stable as there is only
one alkyl group exerting a positive inductive effect / OWTTE;
the boiling point of 1-bromopentane is higher than the
boiling point of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane;
2-bromo-2-methylbutane is more spherical in shape / less
surface area in contact between molecules of 2-bromo2-methylbutane than between molecules of 1-bromopentane /
OWTTE;
hence weaker intermolecular forces of attraction/van der
Waals forces of attraction between molecules of 2-bromo2-methylbutane / OWTTE;

3 max

esterification / condensation;
CH3COO(CH2)4CH3 / CH3COO(CH2)4CH3 /
CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 /

2
Accept CH3COOC5H11

IB Questionbank Chemistry

10

(c)

elimination;

neither can exist as geometrical isomers as they contain the

same two groups/atoms on one of the double bonded carbon
atoms / OWTTE;

4
[21]

18.

(i)

nHO(CH2)5OH + nHOOCC6H4COOH
H[O(CH2)5OCOC6H4CO]nOH + (2n 1)H2O
3
Award [1] for correct reactants, [1] for correct polyester and
[1] for balanced water.
Award [3] if correct equation given for one molecule of diol
reacting with one molecule of dicarboxylic acid.
i.e.
HO(CH2)5OH + HOOCC6H4COOH HO(CH2)5OCOC6H4COOH + H2O

(ii)

formation of polyesters/condensation polymers/synthetic fabrics;

1
[4]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

11