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INTRODUCTION:
India is one of the leading developing country in the world community today.
But, the main obstacle it is facing is its large population. Now a days
communication has been one of the most important aspect where our country
is concentrating to work in, for its development, where mass transportation
plays a vital role as we always have to think about moving of a large
population in a very denser area. Thats why our Government is planning to
implement the new technologies in mass public transportation.
1.1: THE
URBAN
TRANSPORT
TECHNOLOGY
FOR
THE NEW
MILLENIUM
The most precious asset in growing urban areas is the land. Allocation to
residential and commercial purposes put heavy pressures on land for public use
like parks and open spaces apart from very important and critical roadways.
Hardly 6% to a maximum of 18% of land in cities form roadways. The roadways
once laid- almost remain constant at best- and may effectively reduce by
uncontrolled encroachments. The physical constraint of road area being
constant, as population increases, naturally loads on roads increase.
As more and more people from different habitats try to converge on to the
central business district, the road has no capacity to handle and congestions
erupt. Roads take one exactly to the point where one wants to go. But the
capacity is limited in terms of passengers per hour that can be handled. Even if
one considers only buses, need to maintain the braking distances between two
buses and the space
maintained between them affects speed as well as limits per lane what capacity
can be achieved. When mass transit , that too at higher speed is required, rail
based systems only can handle.
versus
Surface railway is impossible to lay in an existing city. But even to lay the
same in a new development, one should keep in mind what happens after 50
years of laying the same. We have living example of our own suburban system.
The city remains divided by the corridor and it is an eternal noise polluter in the
heart of city day in and day out. Sudden disgorging of heavy loads of
commuters at stations create need less congestion on the roads, reducing
quality of life. Almost close to 2000 persons die annually- because of
trespassing or falling from trains in our present system- whatever be the excuse
and justification for accepting the same. In addition vulnerable to minor
vandalism by urchins, but resulting in grievous injuries like losing sight for the
commuters. Again this mode cannot follow roads, so the weak link of road
vehicles
has
to
be
brought
in
for
inter-modal
transfers.
Derailments, collisions and capsizing concerns remain with loss of life for all
the above mentioned three systems.
The infrastructure created for urban transport is hardly utilized to 30 to 40%
capacity because of directional as well as inevitable peaks for limited hours in a
day. It has no other use and just idles.
follows the existing roads- but does not take road space- and be as flexible as a
bus
2.
Have
rail
based
mass
transit
capacity,
city
while
providing
same
as
existing
rail
along
its
metro
3.
Does
not
divide
integration
alignment
4.
5.
6.
7.
Non-invasive -requiring the least amount of scarce land space- and not
come in the way of development.
This
innovative
alternative
transportation
solution
completely
Sky Bus Metro is the new rail based mass transit system that re-defines urban
transport solution making the existing elevated and underground metros
obsolete! Sky Bus Technology Launched 15th Oct.2003 Life size Prototype at
Margao, Goa by Shri Nitish Kumar ji, Hon'ble Minister of Railways, India.
3.DESCRIPTION:
Heavy 52/60 kg /m rails placed at standard gauge floating in elastic
medium and damped by inertia of measured mass held in a 8 mX 2m box
enclosure, supported over a 1m dia. columns spaced at 15 m and located at 15
m distance from each other, in the divider space in between lanes on a roadway, at a height of 8m above road surface- provides the support and guidance
for powered bogies which can run at 100 kmph, with the coach shells
suspended below , carry passengers in air conditioned comfort, can follow
existing road routes, while existing traffic on roads continue.
The fixed structure at 8 m height above road level is aesthetically pleasing and
there is no concern of claustrophobic feeling for road users.
Aesthetic and eco-friendly, the Sky Bus can never derail, capsize nor collideby design as well as by construction, hence is safer than existing rail-based
system. With no signalling and having no points and crossings, it is a unique
mass-transit system, which can be put up within two years in any crowded &
congested city.
Sky Bus metro falls under tramway category, under Art 366(20) of
Constitution of India, since it operates along existing roadways and within
municipal limits, hence excluded from Indian railway act.
4. Technologies
4.1: THE SYSTEM:
Well proven rail guided bogie system commonly used for normal railway system.
Proven 3 phase asynchronous AC electrical motive unit-well proven and widely
adopted
abroad
as
well
as
in
India.
Light weight coaches called Sky Buses which are suspended from Bogies and
Travel below rail guides.
The project will be of world class standard and will place India in the forefront of
providing the much needed alternative transportation solution, which is a
financially viable, environmental friendly, synergising well proven existing cutting
edge technology.
The sky bus metro is designed considering various parameters to make it the
mode of mass transportation of the next generation. Passengers safety,
environment safety, low cost of production, noise less movement and economic
running are few most important parameters, based upon which this is designed.
Weight of
- Bogie-2 axle motor: 5 t
- Tare weight of coach: 6.5 t
- Weight of equipment: 2t
- Passenger load: 9 t
- Total for a bogie: 24 t
- Axle load: 12t
The under-frame remains same, railway wheels run on the same track,
the coach is firmly attached to the under-frame positively .
The under-frame with wheels and railway traction motors & railway track
enclosed in the concrete box- travel on the railway track , carrying the coach
below outside the concrete box- now the coach and the track are positively held
together- cannot escape from rails!
Sky bogies
Sky coaches
Sky stations
Traverser arrangements
( SKY COACHES )
( SKY BOGIE )
( SKY STATION)
( TRAVERSER ARRANGEMENTS)
The sky way consists of a concrete box structure carried over a series of
piers at a height of 9 m to 10 m above existing road level. Two rails fixed
with appropriate fastenings within the concrete box support and guide the
sky bogie.
Standard two axle bogies used in metros for speed of 100 kmph are used
(but can have higher speeds,if required up to 160 kmph)-of standard
guage
Braking-bogie mounted
Regenerative
Disc brakes
Double walled light shells with wide large windows are suspended
from the sky bogies
Special 4m wide sliding doors for quick entry and exit of passengers
Each pair carries 300 persons and service every two is possible.
Stations act as only access facility, and not as passenger holding area
6.5: Traverser:
There are no points and crossings. The traverser is the system which
automatically shifts the sky bus units for balancing the loads/ changing routes
too as well as shift units to depot lines etc. Proven technologies and a very
simple solution by merely re-engineering the components constitute Sky Bus:
7: Salient Features
Standard Gauge Rail tracks
60 kg rails fitted with double elastic fastenings, with Standard Gauge on
sleepers designed & tested for 20 t axle load norms forming maintenance
free
tracks`
Driving bogies:
100 kmph standard gauge 12 ton/14 ton axle load powered bogies -same
as used in metro rails with 4x110/115 Kw asynchronous 3 ph AC motors
with power-regeneration and capable of peak 1.3m/sec/sec acceleration
Braking:
Electrical
re-generative
braking,
coupled
with
compressed
air
disk
Train unit:
Each train unit 20m long with two driving bogies- the coach divided into
2x9.5
long
buses
connected
through
vestibuled
door
capacity
Simple three aspect signal system driven by line of sight by motorman, with
additional unique safety layer of Raksha Kavach, capable of providing 40 sec
headway- but planned 60 sec.
Route Capacity:
A Skybus route can thus be designed even at 60 sec headway, to carry
20,000 to 70,000 passengers per hour per direction in peak period.
with
against
redundancy
swinging
under
wind
to
provide
loads/emergecy
localised
of
handling
60m
consists
of
Skybus
units.
of
requirements-though
initially
only
20m
length
is
needed.
Easy Access:
Access is from existing footpaths, climb limited to 6 m for passengerswithin 500 to 600m from wherever you are on the road having Skybus
route.
Terminal concept:
Current concept of a railway terminal replaced in this "grid" system, by a
multi point distributed discharge and access- almost eliminating intermodal transfers. Each station designed for handling whatever commuters
can arrive on a 4m wide foot-path- with waiting time less than one minute.
at
station
locations
20m
width
for
60m
length
desirable.
Power requirements:
Typically for tropical climate conditions, for a module of 10 km route, 15
MW power needed covering traction and all services including comfort airconditioning loads at stations.
Quality of service and pricing:
With access within 500 to 700m walking distance, air-condition travel at
100 kmph , service available at less than a minute during peak hours,
priced at Re 1.50 per km falling to Re 1 for regular travels with lead of
more than 7km can be provided.(typical) (year 2005)- if ridership per a 10
km route is a little more than 3 lacs per day.
8. Advantages:
Fast Transportation
Every minute passengers to get Air Conditioned 100 km/hr speed travel
facility, covering distances at more than 45 km/hr. Average speed at just
50 paise per km.
required
No demolition
No Vandalism
Fire Protection
No capsizing
No Deaths
Deep Penetration
Sky Bus follows existing busy roads, thus reaches the very heart of the
city decongesting the roads. This is not possible in case of Normal
Railway.
Almost 50% of elevated systems & 25% of underground metro for same
performance standards
Fast Clearance
Since the system involves guide ways in the sky, which does not fall into
an exact definition of Railway, the number of agencies involved in
clearing and executing the project will be minimum and only one authority
at state level will be created for implementing the project.
Capacity
Can handle 18 000 to 80 000 pphpd (Persons per hour per direction) and
can still cater to growing needs. >
Flyover
Fast Execution
From the date financial closure is achieved, the Project can be completed
and commissioned within 100 weeks i.e. about 24 months.
No Pollution
No Force Major
No traffic Jams
No waiting
Comfort
Tourism
Easy Access
User needs to walk maximum 500 meter distance to board the Sky-Bus.
Amenity
Luxury
Technology Partners
Following companies are participants in development of SKY-BUS, Goa.
Bharat Earth Movers Ltd.
Ltd.
TATA SSL
HILTI
V.G. Gokhale
CONCLUSION
The Skybus is the technology breakthrough that India has achieved.
Skybus is an improved railway technology, eliminating the problems of existing
metro rail systems,like, derailments collisions, and capsizing crushing people.
Old
conventional
railwaymen,
who
remained
basically
operating
and
maintenance experts, may take a little time to appreciate, but the fact remains
Skybus is an improved railway technology eliminating their fears of derailments
and capsizing from which they suffered for decades!
Financially Skybus Metro makes urban transport a dream come true for
administrators- virtually free gift to people without Government funding!
What needs to be done is to eliminate the doubting Thomas in our minds,
and adopt the Skybus, if we want to really solve the urban transport crisis!.
The Sky Bus metro is one single technology which can change the face of
our cities, take out almost 10 million road vehicles in the cities and make the
cities liveable, improving quality of life and attract and sustain economic activity
to generate wealth.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.atrilab.com
www. konkanrailway.com
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
http://skybus.blogspot.com
http://skybus.metro.googlepages.com
Rail International -Brussels May 1983:- A simple approach