Cbse board paper 2014 set 1 delhi

General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory
(ii) Question numbers 1 to 8 are very short-answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
(iii) Question numbers 9 to 18 are short-answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
(iv) Question numbers 19 to 27 are also short-answer questions and carry 3 marks.
(v) Question numbers 28 to 30 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
(vi) Use Log Tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.
Question 1

Questions

Q1
Give one example each of 'oil in water' and 'water in oil' emulsion.
Solution:

Type of emulsion

Example

Oil in water

Milk, vanishing cream (any one)

Water in oil

Butter, cold cream (any one)

Q2
Which reducing agent is employed to get copper from the leached low-grade copper
ore?
Solution:
Copper can be obtained from low-grade ore through the process of leaching using acid or
bacteria (leaching is a process in which ore is treated with suitable reagent that dissolves ore but
not the impurities).
The solution containing copper can be reduced with the help of reducing agents such as scrap
iron or H2 to get copper metal.
Cu2+(aq) + Fe Cu(s) + Fe2+(aq)
Cu2+ (aq) + H2 (g) Cu(s) + 2 H+(aq)

Q3
Which of the following is a more stable complex and why ?
[Co(NH3)6]3+ and [Co(en)3]3+
Solution:

Chelating ligands form more stable complexes compared to non-chelating ligands. Since
ethylene diammine is a bidentate ligand and forms stable chelate, [Co(en)3]3+ will be a more
stable complex than [Co(NH3)6]3+.

Q4
Write the IUPAC name of the compound.

Solution:

The IUPAC name of the given organic compound is 3-Hydroxybutan-1-oic acid.

Q5
Which of the following isomers is more volatile:
o-nitrophenol or p-nitrophenol?
Solution:
o-nitrophenol forms intra-molecular hydrogen bond. On the other hand, p-nitrophenol is
involved in stronger inter-molecular hydrogen bonding and hence, it has higher boiling
point than o-nitrophenol. So, o-nitrophenol is more volatile than p-nitrophenol.

Q6
What are isotonic solutions?
Solution:
Isotonic solutions are those solutions that have the same osmotic pressure at a given
temperature.

Q7
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of solubility in water :
C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, C2H5NH2
Solution:
The increasing order of solubility in water of the given compounds is as follows:
C6H5NH2 < (C2H5)2NH < C2H5NH2
The more extensive the Hbonding, the higher is the solubility of the compound in
water. C2H5NH2 contains two H-atoms, whereas (C2H5)2NH contains only one H-atom.
Therefore, C2H5NH2 is more soluble than (C2H5)2NH. The solubility of C6H5NH2 is least
due to its high molecular mass.

Q8
Which of the two components of starch is water soluble?
Solution:

Starch contains two components: Amylose and Amylopectin.

Amylose is the water-soluble component.

Q9
An element with density 11.2 g cm3 forms a f.c.c. lattice with edge length of 4 108 cm.
Calculate the atomic mass of the element.
(Given : NA = 6.022 1023 mol1)
Solution:
Given,
Density, d = 11.2 g cm-3
Edge length, a = 4 10-8 cm
Avogadro number, NA = 6.022 1023
Number of atoms present per unit cell, Z (fcc) = 4
We know for a crystal system,
d=zMa3NAM=da3NAZM =11.2641024 6.02210234=107.91 g
Thus, atomic mass of the element is 107.91 g.

Q10
Examine the given defective crystal:

Answer the following questions :

(i) What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by the crystal?
(ii) How is the density of the crystal affected by this defect?
(iii) What type of ionic substances show such defect?
Solution:
(i) Schottky defect is shown by the mentioned crystal, as equal number of cations and
anions are missing in the crystal lattice.
(ii) This defect leads to decrease in density, as equal number of the cations and anions
are missing from the crystal lattice.
(iii) This kind of defect is shown by those ionic substance in which the cations and
anions are of almost similar sizes.
Examples: NaCl, KCl and CsCl.

Q11

Calculate the mass of a compound (molar mass = 256 g mol 1) to be dissolved in 75 g

of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (K f = 5.12 K kg mol1).
Solution:
Given:Tf =0.48 KKf=5.12 K kg mol1w1= 75 gw2=?M2=256 g mol1UsingTf
=Kfw21000M2w1w2=TfM2w1Kf1000 =0.48256755.121000=1.8 g

Q12
Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
Solution:
Definition:
The solutions that obey Raoults law over the entire range of concentration are called ideal
solutions. Examples: n-hexane and n-heptane
Characteristics:
For ideal solutions:
o
Enthalpy of mixing (mix H) of the pure components to form the solution is zero.
o
Volume of mixing (mix V) is also equal to zero.

Q13
Write two differences between 'order of reaction' and 'molecularity of reaction'.
Solution:
Order

Molecularity

It is the number of reacting species taking

The overall order of reaction is the sum of
part in an elementary reaction, which must
all the exponents of all the reactants present
collide simultaneously in order to bring
in the rate law expression.
about a chemical reaction.

It is determined experimentally.

It is a theoretical concept.

It may be equal to zero or have fractional

values.

It can not be equal to zero and it always

have integral values( which cannot exceeds
3)

Q14
Outline the principles behind the refining of metals by the following methods:
(i) Zone refining method
(ii) Chromatographic method
Solution:
(i) Zone refining Method:
Zone refining method is based on the principle that impurities are more soluble in the
molten state than in the solid state of a metal.
This method is used in the purification of elements like Germanium(Ge), Silicon(Si),
Indium (In) etc.
(ii) Chromatography method:
Chromatography is the technique used for separation of the components of a mixture
that are soluble in the same solvent and are differently adsorbed on an adsorbent. This
technique was first used for separation of colours and hence, the name. There are two

phases in chromatography - the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The
components of the mixture are absorbed differently in the stationary phase, thus leading
to their separation. There are many different types of chromatography - paper
chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography etc.

Q15

Complete the following chemical equations :

(i) Ca3P2 + H2O
(ii) Cu + H2SO4(conc.)
OR
Arrange the following in the order of the property indicated against each set :
(i) HF, HCl, HBr, HI increasing bond-dissociation enthalpy.
(ii) H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te increasing acidic character.
Solution:
The balanced reactions are given below:
i) Ca3P2 + 6H2O 3Ca(OH)2 + 2PH3
ii) Cu + 2H2SO4(conc.) CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
OR
i)
The arrangement of the given hydrogen halides in increasing order of bond-dissociation
enthalpy is given below:
HI < HBr < HCl < HF
ii)
The increasing order of acidic character of the given hydrides of Group 16 elements is
given below:
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te

Q16
Write the IUPAC name of the complex [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]+. What type of isomerism does it
exhibit?
Solution:
The IUPAC name of the complex [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]+ is Tetraamminedichlorochromium(III)
ion.
This complex exhibits geometrical isomerism. [Cr(NH 3)4Cl2]+ is a [MA4B2] type of

complex, in which the two chloride ligands may be oriented cis andtrans to each other.

Q17
(i) Which alkyl halide from the following pair is chiral and undergoes faster S N2 reaction?

(ii) Out of SN1 and SN2, which reaction occurs with

(a) Inversion of configuration
(b) Racemisation
Solution:
(i)
Among the given pair of compounds, alkyl halide (b) has a chiral centre.

The alkyl halide (a) does not contain a chiral centre and and it also gives faster
SN2 reaction as SN2 is more favourable in primary alkyl halides.
(ii)
(a) Inversion of configuration takes place in SN2 reaction.

(b) Racemisation takes place in SN1 reaction.

Q18

Draw the structure of major monohalo product in each of the following reactions :

(i)

(ii)
Solution:
(i)

(ii) Addition in presence of peroxide yields product according to anti-Markovnikov rule of

addition.

Q19
(a) In reference to Freundlich adsorption isotherm, write the expression for adsorption of
gases on solids in the form of an equation.
(b) Write an important characteristic of lyophilic sols.
(c) Based on the type of particles of dispersed phase, give one example each of
associated colloid and multimolecular colloid.
Solution:

(a)
Freundlich adsorption isotherm for adsorption of gases on solids:
xm=Kp1nIt can also be written aslogxm=log K + 1nlog p
where x is the mass of the adsorbate, m is the mass of the absorbent and p is the pressure of the
gas and n is a constant which is greater than 1.
(b)
Lyophilic sols are sols that are solvent-attracting. An important characteristic of these sols is that
if the dispersion medium is separated from the dispersion phase by any method, the sol can be
reconstituted by simply remixing the two again. That is why these sols are also known
as reversible sols.
(c)
Example of associated colloid: Soap solution
Example of multimolecular colloid: Gold sol

Q20

(a) Draw the structures of the following molecules:

(i) XeOF4
(ii) H2SO4
(b) Write the structural difference between white phosphorus and red phosphorus.
Solution:
(a)
Structures:
(i)

(ii)

(b) Structural difference between White P and Red P:

White P
It consists of four P

Red P
It has a polymeric structure, consisting of chains of

atoms, linked with one

another to give rise to P4 tetrahedral units that are linked together.
a tetrahedral shape.
Structure:

Structure:

Q21
Account for the following:
(i) PCl5 is more covalent than PCl3.
(ii) Iron on reaction with HCl forms FeCl2 and not FeCl3.
(iii) The two OO bond lengths in the ozone molecule are equal.
Solution:
(i)
Greater the positive oxidation state of the central metal atom, greater is its polarising
power and thus more is the covalent character of the bond formed between central
metal atom and other atoms.
In PCl5, the central metal atom, P is in +5 oxidation state, while in PCl 3, it is in +3
oxidation state. Therefore, PCl5 is more covalent than PCl3.
(ii)
Iron reacts with hydrochloric acid in the following manner, resulting in the release of
dihydrogen gas.
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
The liberated dihydrogen gas may react with the available oxygen and gets converted to
water molecule. This diminishes the chances of oxidation of ferrous chloride to ferric
chloride. As a result FeCl3 is not formed.
(iii)
In ozone, the three oxygen atoms are arranged to form a bent shaped structure. The
central oxygen atom makes a single bond with one of the terminal oxygen atoms and a
double bond with the other terminal oxygen atom. But the electrons of double bond
are delocalised over all the three oxygen atoms. Due to which the single and the double
bond are not entirely pure but are the resonance hybrids of single and double bond
respectively, giving rise to the OO bond distance as the average bond distance of the
single and double bond.
The resonance structure of the ozone is given below:

Q22
The following data were obtained during the first-order thermal decomposition of
SO2Cl2 at a constant volume:
SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)
Experiment
Time/s1
Total pressure/atm
1
0
2
100
Calculate the rate constant.
(Given : log 4 = 0.6021, log 2 = 0.3010)
Solution:

0.4
0.7

The thermal decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant volume is represented by the

following equation:

After time t, total pressure,

Pt = P 0 + p
which on rearrangement gives:
p = Pt P 0
Therefore,
= 2 P0 P t
For a first-order reaction,

When t = 100 s,
k=2.303100log0.420.40.7= 1.387102 s1

Q23
(i) Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
(ii) What are antiseptics ? Give an example.
(iii) Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold foods and soft drinks ?

Solution:
(i)
Enzyme and receptor are the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
(ii)
Antiseptics: These are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts and diseased skin
surfaces.
Examples of antiseptics are furacine and soframicine.
(iii)
Aspartame is the most useful artificial sweetener. It's use is limited to cold foods and soft drinks
because it is unstable at cooking temperature.

Q24
(i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes night-blindness?
(ii) Name the base that is found in nucleotide of RNA only.
(iii) Glucose on reaction with HI gives n-hexane. What does it suggest about the
structure of glucose?
Solution:
i) Night blindness is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin A.
ii) Uracil is the base that is found only in the nucleotide of RNA.
iii) The reaction of glucose with HI giving n-hexane suggests that all the six carbon
atoms are linked in a straight chain, as shown in the reaction given below:
CHO-(CHOH)4-CH2OH HI CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2

Q25
After the ban on plastic bags, students of a school decided to make people aware of the
harmful effects of plastic bags on the environment and Yamuna River. To make the
awareness more impactful, they organised a rally by partnering with other schools and
distributed paper bags to vegetable vendors, shopkeepers and departmental stores. All
the students pledged not to use polythene bags in the future to save the Yamuna River.
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:
(i) What values are shown by the students?
(ii) What are bio-degradable polymers? Give one example.
(iii) Is polythene a condensation or an addition polymer?
Solution:
(i) From the given passage, we can conclude that the students show awareness about the
environment.
(ii) A polymer that can be decomposed by microorganisms within a definite period of time, so
that the polymer or its degraded product does not cause any harm to the environment, is called a
bio-degradable polymer.

For example, poly--hydroxybutyrate-CO-- hydroxy valerate (PHBV) is a bio-degradable

aliphatic polyester.

(iii) Polythene is an addition polymer that is formed by addition of ethene molecules.

Q26

(a) Write the mechanism of the following reaction :

CH3CH2OH HBr CH3CH2Br+H2O
(b) Write the equation involved in Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
Solution:
a.
The reaction proceeds through nucleophilic substitution bimolecular (SN2) mechanism, as shown:

Inversion of configuration takes place during the reaction.

b.
Reimer-Tiemann reaction:

Q27

Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions :

(i)

(ii)
OR
How will you convert the following?
(i) Nitrobenzene into aniline
(ii) Ethanoic acid into methanamine
(iii) Aniline into Nphenylethanamide
(Write the chemical equations involved.)
Solution:
(i)

(ii)

OR
(i) Nitrobenzene into aniline

(ii) Ethanoic acid into methanamine

(iii) Aniline into Nphenylethanamide

Q28
(a) Define the following terms :
(i) Limiting molar conductivity
(ii) Fuel cell
(b) Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1 mol L 1 KCl solution is 100 . If the
resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 mol L 1 KCl solution is 520 , calculate
the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02 mol L 1 KCl solution. The conductivity of
0.1 mol L1 KCl solution is 1.29 102 1 cm1.
OR
(a) State Faraday's first law of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of Faraday is
required for the reduction of 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu.
(b) Calculate emf of the following cell at 298 K:
Mg(s) | Mg2+(0.1 M) || Cu2+ (0.01) | Cu(s)
[Given Eocell = +2.71 V, 1 F = 96500 C mol1]
Solution:
(a)
(i) When concentration of an electrolyte approaches zero, then its molar conductivity is
known as limiting molar conductivity.
(ii)
Fuel cells are the galvanic cells in which the energy of combustion of the fuels like
hydrogen, methanol. etc is directly converted into electrical energy.
(b)
Given that:
Concentration of the KCl solution = 0.1 mol L1
Resistance of cell filled with 0.1 mol L1 KCl solution = 100 ohm
Cell constant = G* = conductivity resistance
1.29102 ohm1cm1 100 ohm = 1.29 cm1 = 129 m1
Cell constant for a particular conductivity cell is a consant.

Conductivity of 0.02 mol L1 KCl solution

= Cell constantResistance=G*R=129 m1520 ohm=0.248 Sm1
Concentration = 0.02 mol L1
= 10000.02 mol m3 = 20 mol m3
Now,
Molar conductivity =m=c=248103 S m120 mol m3=124104 S m2mol1
Therefore, the molar conductivity of 0.02 mol L1 KCl solution
is 124104 S m2 mol1.
OR
(a)
Faraday's first law of electrolysis states that "the amount of chemical reaction which
occurs at any electrode during electrolysis by a current is proportional to the quantity of
electricity passed through the electrolytic solution or melt".
The reduction of one mol of Cu2+ to Cu can be represented as:
Cu2++ 2eCu
Since, in this reaction there are two moles of electrons involved, so the amount of
charge required is 2F.
(b) The cell reaction can be represented as:
Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq.) Mg2+(aq.) + Cu(s)
Given,Eocell= +2.71 VT = 298 KAccording to the Nernst equation:E = Eocell0.0
5912log[Mg2+][Cu2+] = 2.71 0.05912log0.10.01=2.710.0295 log 10 = 2.71 0.02
95=2.6805 V

Q29
(a) How do you prepare:
(i) K2MnO4 from MnO2?
(ii) Na2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4?
(b) Account for the following:
(i) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to +3 state.
(ii) The enthalpy of atomisation is lowest for Zn in 3d series of the transition elements.
(iii) Actinoid elements show wide range of oxidation states.
OR
(i) Name the elements of 3d transition series that show maximum number of oxidation
states. Why does this happen?
(ii) Which transition metal of 3d series has positive E (M2+/M) value and why?
(iii) Out of Cr3+ and Mn3+, which is a stronger oxidising agent and why?
(iv) Name a member of the lanthanoid series that is well-known to exhibit +2 oxidation
state.

(v) Complete the following equation:

MnO4+8H++5e
Solution:
a)
i) K2MnO4 can be prepared from pyrolusite (MnO 2). The ore is fused with KOH in the
presence of either atmospheric oxygen or an oxidising agent, such as KNO 3 or KClO4,
to give K2MnO4.
2 MnO2 + 4 KOH + O2 2 K2MnO4 +2 H2O
green
ii)
Na2Cr2O7 can be prepared from Na2CrO4 in the following way:
For the preparation of sodium dichromate, the yellow solution of sodium chromate is
acidified with sulphuric acid to give a solution from which orange sodium dichromate,
Na2Cr2O7.2H2O can be crystallised.
Balanced equation for above reactions is as follows:
2 Na2CrO4 + 2 H+ Na2Cr2O7 + 2 Na+ + H2O
Yellow
Orange
b)
i) Electronic configuration of Mn2+ is [Ar]18 3d5 .
Electronic configuration of Fe2+ is [Ar]18 3d6 .
It is known that half-filled and fully-filled orbitals are more stable. Therefore, Mn in +2
state has a stable d5 configuration. Therefore, Mn2+ shows resistance to oxidation to
Mn3+. Also, Fe2+ has 3d6 configuration and by losing one electron, its configuration
changes to a more stable 3d5configuration. Therefore, Fe2+ gets oxidised to Fe3+ easily.
ii) The extent of metallic bonding an element undergoes, decides the enthalpy of
atomisation. The more extensive the metallic bonding of an element, the more will be its
enthalpy of atomisation. In all transition metals (except Zn, electronic configuration:
3d10 4s2), there are some unpaired electrons that account for their stronger metallic
bonding. Due to the absence of these unpaired electrons, the inter-atomic electronic
bonding is the weakest in Zn and as a result, it has the least enthalpy of atomisation.
iii) Actinides exhibit larger oxidation states because of very small energy gap between
5f, 6d and 7s sub-shells . The energies are calculated on the basis of (n+l) rule. The
(n+l) values of the three orbitals are:
5f=5+3=8
6d=6+2=8
7s=7+0=7

Since, all the values are almost same, therefore all orbitals can involved in bonding
resulting in larger oxidation number for actinoids.
OR
1)
In 3d-series of transition metals, manganese has an atomic number of 25 that gives the
electronic configuration as [Ar] 3d54s2 ,where we see that the maximum number of
unpaired electrons is found in manganese atom; so, it can show a maximum oxidation
state upto +7.
2)
Copper is the transition metal of 3d series that exhibits positive E0(M2+/M). The value
of E0(M2+/M) for copper is (+0.34). This happens because the E0(M2+/M) value of a
metal depends on the energy changes involved in the following:
1. Sublimation energy: The energy required for converting one mole of an atom from
the solid state to the gaseous state.
M(s) M(g)
sH (Sublimation energy)
2. Ionisation energy: The energy required to take out electrons from one mole of atom
in the isolated gaseous state.
M(g) M2+(g)
iH (Ionisation energy)
3. Hydration energy: The energy released when one mole of ions are hydrated.
M2+(g) M2+(aq)
hydH (Hydration energy)
Since, copper has a high energy of atomisation and low hydration energy, the E 0(M2+/M)
value for copper is positive.
3) Out of Cr3+ and Mn3+, Mn3+ is a stronger oxidising agent because it has 4 electrons in
its valence shell and when it gains one electron to form Mn 2+, it results in the half-filled
(d5) configuration that has extra stability.
4) Europium (Eu) is well-known to exhibit +2 oxidation state due to its half filled f orbital
in +2 oxidation state.
5) MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- Mn2+ + 4 H2O

Q30

(a) Write the products of the following reactions:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:

(i) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid

(ii) Propanal and Propanone
OR
(a) Account for the following:
(i) CH3CHO is more reactive than CH3COCH3 towards reaction with HCN.
(ii) Carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol.
(b) Write the chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:
(i) Wolff-Kishner reduction
(ii) Aldol condensation
(iii) Cannizzaro reaction
Solution:
(a)
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

(b)
(i) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid
Test-1 Through sodium bicarbonate
Benzaldehyde does not react with sodium bicarbonate. However, benzoic acid will produce brisk
effervescence on reaction with sodium bicarbonate as shown in the given reaction:
C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 C6H5COONa + H2O + CO2
Test-2 Through Tollen's reagent
Benzaldehyde reacts with ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate to form a silver mirror.
C6H5CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3OH C6H5COO + 2Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3
However, no such reaction is given by benzoic acid.
(ii)
Test-1 Iodoform Test
Propanone gives positive iodoform test, as it contains CH3CO group, whereas propanal does not
give iodoform test. The reaction is as follows:

CH3CH2CHO + 3I2 + 4NaOH No reactionHeatPropanal

OR
(a)
(i)
CH3COCH3 is sterically hindered than CH3CHO due to the presence of alkyl group on both sides
of the carbonyl carbon, making them less reactive towards nucleophilicattack because both
methyl groups have electron releasing tendency due to -I effect. These alkyl groups
make ketone less reactive by donating electron to carbonyl group.Therefore, acetaldehyde is
more reactive towards reaction with HCN.
(ii)
Carboxylic acids are acidic due to resonance stabilisation of carboxylate anion and in phenols,
acidic character is present due to resonance stabilisation of phenoxide anion. Carboxylic acids
are more acidic than phenols because the negative charge in carboxylate anion is more spread out
compared to the phenoxide ion, as there are two electronegative O-atoms in carboxylate anion
compared to one in phenoxide ion. In the resonance structures of carboxylate anion, the negative
charge is present on the O-atoms, while in resonance of phenoxide ion, negative charge is also
present on electropositive carbon atom, which leads to less stability of phenoxide ion
than carboxylateanion.
(b)