Reflux 819 Sizing Calculation

Sizing
Pressure Regulators &

Control Valves
Sizing the Pressure
Regulators
Sizing of regulators is usually made on the basis of Cg valve and KG sizing coefficients. Flow rates at fully open
position and various operating conditions are related by the following formulae where:
Q = flow rate in Stm3/h
Pu = inlet pressure in bar (abs)
Pd = outlet pressure in bar (abs).
A > When the Cg and KG values of the regulator are known, as well as Pu and Pd, the flow rate can be calculated
as follows:
A-1 in sub critical conditions: (Pu<2xPd)
Pd x ( Pu - Pd )
Q = KG x
Pu - Pd
Pu
Q = 0 . 526 x Cg x Pu x sin K 1 x
A-2 in critical conditions: (Pu 2xPd)

Q =
KG
2
x Pu
Q = 0 . 526 x Cg x Pu
B > Vice versa, when the values of Pu, Pd and Q are known,the Cg or KG values, and hence the regulator size,
may be calculated using:
B-1 in sub-critical conditions: (Pu<2xPd)
Q
KG =
Cg =
0 .526 x Pu x sin K1x
Pd x ( Pu - Pd )
B-2 in critical conditions (Pu 2xPd)
KG =
2xQ
Cg =
Pu
Q
0,526 x Pu
NOTE: The sin val is understood to be DEG.
CAPACITY REDUCTION TABLE:

REGULATOR
INTEGRAL
SLAM SHUT
INTEGRAL
MONITOR
INTEGRAL
SILENCER
APERFLUX 851
-5%
-5%
-5%
REFLUX 819
-7%
-7%
-5%
REFLUX 819/FO
-7%
-7%
-5%
APERVAL
SA
-10%
SB
-5%
-5%
-5%
REVAL 182
SA
-10%
SB
-7%
-7%
-5%
Not applicable
DIXI
-3%
Not applicable
DIVAL 600
0%
Not applicable
0%
NORVAL
-7%
Not applicable
Not applicable
NORVAL 608
-7%
Not applicable
-10%
Pu - Pd
Pu
The above formulae are applicable to natural gas having a relative density of 0.61 w.r.t. air and a
regulator inlet temperature of 15C. For gases having a different relative density d and temperature
tu in C, the value of the flow rate, calculated as above, must be multiplied by a correction factor
Fc, as follows:
175.8
Fc =
S x ( 273.15 + tu )
Correction factors FC
Type of gas
Air
Propane
Butane
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Relative density
1.0
1.53
2.0
0.97
1.14
1.52
Fc Factor
0.78
0.63
0.55
0.79
0.73
0.63
Lists the correction factors Fc for anumber of gases at 15C.
CAUTION:
in order to get optimal performance, to avoid premature erosion phenomena and to limit noise
emissions, it is recommended to check gas speed at the outlet flange does not exceed the values
of the graph below.
Gas speed at the outlet flange [m/sec]
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Outlet pressure [bar]
The gas speed at the outlet flange may be calculated by means of the following formula:
Q
1 - 0 . 002 x Pd
V = 345 . 92 x
x
2
1 + Pd
DN
where:
V =
Q =
DN =
Pd =
gas speed in m/sec

gas flow rate in Stm3/h
nominal size of regulator in mm
outlet pressure in barg.
Cg and Kg valve coefficient
Tables
Aperflux 101
50
2
1682
1768
103
Nominal diameter (mm)

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
K1 body shape factor
80
3
4200
4414
108
Aperflux 851

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
25
1"
480
505
113,9
50
2"
1550
1627
113,9
80
3"
3790
3979
113,9
100
4"
5554
5837
113,9
150
6"
11112
11678
113,9
200
8"
17316
18199
113,9
250
10"
24548
25850
113,9
Reflux 819

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
25
50
80
100
150
200
250
1"
2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
575
2220
4937
8000 16607 25933 36525
605
2335
5194
8416 17471 27282 38425
106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78
Reflux 819/FO

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
25
50
80
100
150
200
250
1"
2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
575
2220
4937
8000 16607 25933 36525
605
2335
5194
8416 17471 27282 38425
106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78
Dival 160 AP
Dixi AP

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
25
1"
159
167
99,5
25
1"
140
147
93,5
Staflux 187
Staflux 185
25
50
80
1"
2"
3"
Size (inches)
439
1681
3764
Cg flow coefficient
462
1768
3960
KG flow coefficient
106,78 106,78 106,78
Nominal diameter (mm) 25

1"
Size (inches)
130
Cg flow coefficient
136
KG flow coefficient
K1 body shape factor 106,78
Aperval 101

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
50
2
2091
2199
108
80
3
4796
5045
108
100
4
7176
7546
108
Aperval

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
25
1"
584
613
90
50
2"
1978
2077
101
65
2"1/2
3530
3706
101
80
3"
4525
4751
101
100
4"
6719
7055
101
Tables
Reval 182
50
65
80
100
150
200
250
1/2
1"
2"
4"
6"
2"
3"
8"
10"
Size (inches)
575
2220
3320 4937
8000 16607 25933 36525
Cg flow coefficient
605
2335
4197
5194
8416 17471 27282 38425
KG flow coefficient
K1 body shape factor 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78
Terval

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
50
2"
1706
1796
108
65
2"1/2
2731
2875
104
80
3"
3906
4112
100
100
4"
5490
5775
100
50
2"
1667
1755
104
65
2"1/2
2793
2940
104
80
3"
4099
4315
106
100
4"
5660
5954
106
25
1"
540
567
96
40
1"1/2
983
1034
96
50
2"
1014
1066
96
Terval/R

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
Dixi

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
Dival 600

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
Dival 700
Head 280
25
40
50
1"
1"1/2
2"
269
652
781
283
685
821
94
94
86
Head 280/TR
25
40
50
1"
1"1/2
2"
315
692
770
331
727
809
97
95
97
See the capacity Table
Norval
40
50
1"
1"1/2
2"
Size (inches)
331
848
1360
Cg flow coefficient
348
892
1430
KG flow coefficient
K1 body shape factor 106,78 106,78 106,78
65
80
100
150
200
2"1/2
3"
4"
6"
8"
2240 3395 5100 10600 16600
2356 3571 5365 11151 17463
106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78 106,78
Norval 608

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
50
2"
1700
1788
106
80
3"
3500
3681
106
Reflux 919 - Syncroflux - VLM
Sizing the Control Valve
Choise of the valve is usually on the basis of Cg valve and Cg flow rate coefficients.Cg coefficient corresponds
numerically to the value of air flow in SCF/H in critical conditions with full open valve operating with an upstream
pressure of 1 psia at a temperature of 15C.KG. coefficient corresponds numerically to the value of natural gas
flow rate in Stm/h in critical conditions with full open valve operating with an upstream pressure of 2 bar abs at a
temperature of 15C. Flow rates at full open position and various working conditions, are bound by the following
formule where:
Pu = inlet pressure in bar (abs)
Pd = outlet pressure in bar (abs)
Q = flow rate in Stm/H

KG, Cv, Cg = valve coefficent
1 > When the Cg and KG values of the control valve are known, as well as Pu and Pd, the flow rate can be
calculated as follows:
Q = KG
1.1 > in non critical conditions:
(Pu - Pd) Pd
Q =
Pu - Pd
(
Pu
Q = 0,526 x Cg x Pu x sin (106,78

1.2 > in critical conditions:
Q =
KG
2
x Pu
Pu - Pd
(
Pu
16,8 x Cv x Pu x sin (106,78

(valid for Pu < 2 x Pd)
(valid for Pu 2 x Pd)
Q= 16,8 x Cv x Pu Q= 0,526 x Cg x Pu
2 > Vice versa, when the values of Pu, Pd and Q are known, calculate the values of Cv, Cg or KG with:
KG =
Q
Pd ( Pu - Pd )
2.2 > in critical conditions:
Cv =
16,8
.
x Pu x sin x 106,78
KG =
2xQ
Pu
Cv =
Pu - Pd
Pu
Q
16,8 x Pu
(valid for Pu < 2 x Pd)

Q
Cg =
0,526
.
x Pu x sin x 106,78
Cg =
Q
0,526 x Pu
Pu - Pd
Pu
(valid for Pu 2 x Pd)
A oversizing of 20% on calculated values is raccomanded. Cg formulae give flow rate values more correct while
KG formulae give values 5% higher than real ones only in noncritical conditions. In the case of noise limitation level
a speed at the outlet flange of 130 m/sec. it is also raccomanded. Above formulae are valid for natural gas with a
relative specific gravity of 0,61 compared to air and temperature of 15 C at inlet. For gases with different relative
specific gravity (S) and temperature t (in C) ), value of flow rate calculated as above, must be adjusted multiplying
by:
175.8
Fc =
S x ( 273.15 + tu )
Reflux 919 - Syncroflux - VLM

Size (inches)
Cg flow coefficient
KG flow coefficient
Cv flow coefficient
25
1"
575
605
18
50
2"
2200
2335
69
80
3"
4937
5194
154
100
4"
8000
8416
250
150
200
6"
8"
16607 25933
17471 27282
519
810
250
10"
36525
38425
1141
Deltaflux
Sizing the Control Valve
GAS, VAPOR AND STEAM
A. Subcritical conditions
(when P < 0.5F2 P1)
Volume flow rate (gas and vapor)
P (P1+P2)
GT
Q = 290 Cv
Weight flow rate (gas and vapor)

GP (P1+P2)
T
Q = 355 Cv
Weight flow rate (saturated steam)

W = 13,55 Cv
Cv
(when P < 0.5F2 P1)
Constant liquid/gas mixture ratio (liquid containing
non condensable gas or liquid containing high title
vapor)
W = 19,1 Cv P (w1+w2)
Variable liquid/vapor mixture ratio (liquid containing
low title vapor, less then 0.5)
W = 27,1 Cv
P w1
P (P1+P2)
Weight flow rate (overheated steam)

W = 13,55
BIPHASE FLUIDS
P (P1+P2)
(1+0,00126t)
B. Critical conditions
(when P 0.5F2 P1)
Constant liquid/gas mixture ratio (liquid containing
non condensable gas or liquid containing high title
vapor)
(when P 0.5F2 P1)
Volume flow rate (gas and vapor)
Q=
262 F Cv P1
GT
W = 13,5 F Cv
P1 (w1+w2)
Variable liquid/vapor mixture ratio (liquid containing

low title vapor, less then 0.5)
Weight flow rate (gas and vapor)

W = 321 F Cv P1
G
T
Weight flow rate (saturated steam)
W = 19,1 F Cv
P1 w1
100
w1 =
Xg (Vg1-Vf) + 100 Vf
W = 11,73 F Cv P1
Weight flow rate (overheated steam)
W = 11,73
F Cv P1
(1+0,00126 t)
100
w2 =
Xg (Vg2-Vf) + 100 Vf
Deltaflux
LIQUIDS
(when P < F2 Pc)
(when P F2 Pc)
Volume flow rate

Qf =
Cv
1.17
Volume flow rate
P
Gf
Qf =
Weight flow rate
F Cv
1.17
Pc
Gf
Weight flow rate
W = 855 Cv GfP
W = 855 F Cv
Gf Pc
Pc = P1-Pc
Pc = Pv (0,96-0,28
Pv
)
Pk
Pk = Kc (P1-Pv)
Note:
For values of P Pk the
valve works under cavitation
conditions.
Glossary
Cv
= valve flow rate coefficient: US gpm of water with

P = 1 psi
P = valve pressure drop P1-P2: bar
Pc = maximum dimensioning differential pressure: bar
Pk = cavitation differential pressure: bar
= overheating temperature delta t1 - ts: C
t
= valve recovery factor: non dimensional
F
= gas relative density (air=1): non dimensional
G
Gf = liquid relative density at operating temperature
(water at 15C=1)
Kc = valve incipient cavitation factor: non dimensional
Xg = weight percentage of gas or vapor in the mixture at
upstream pressure: %
P1 = valve upstream pressure: bar abs
P2 = valve downstream pressure: bar abs
Pc
Pk
Pv
T
t1
ts
Q
Qf
W
W1
W2
Vf
Vg1
Vg2
= vena contracta critical pressure: bar abs

= thermodynamic critical point pressure: bar abs
= vapor pressure at operating temperature: bar abs
= upstream gas absolute temperature (273+C): K
= overheated steam upstream temperature: C
= saturated steam temperature at upstream pressure: C
= volume flow rate at 15 C and 1.013 bar abs: Sm3/h
= volume flow rate: m3/h
= weight flow rate: Kg/h
= upstream mixture density: kg/m3
= downstream mixture density: kg/m3
= specific volume of liquid: m3/kg
= specific volume of gas or vapor at upstream pressure: m3/kg
= specific volume of gas or vapor at downstream pressure: m3/kg
Deltaflux
Cv coefficient
Deltaflux
Dn
2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
Cv coefficient
at 100% opening
82
215
405
1080
1750
2860
3980
5000
6800
8400
10600
16100
Deltaflux
Dn
2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
Cv coefficient
at 100% opening
60
150
290
650
1225
1975
2825
3475
4675
5950
7500
11100
Liquid control application
Liquid trim
Gas control application
Gas trim
Note: To verify the dimensioning and, in detail, for the dimensioning of Deltaflux control
valves bigger than 24, always refer to Pietro Fiorentini S.p.A.
Sizing the Slam Shut
Valves
Calculation of the pressure drop

The following formula can be used to calculate pressure losses of the slam shut valve in fully
open position:
2
2
2
p = KG x Pu - (KG x Pu ) - 4Q
2 x KG
p = pressure loss in bar

Pu = absolute inlet pressure in bar
Q = flow rate Stm3/h
KG = flow coefficient
Pressure loss calculated as above is referred to natural gas with specific gravity of 0.61 (air=1)
temperature of 15 C at valve inlet, for gases with different specific gravity S and temperatures t
C, pressure loss can still be calculated with the above formula, replacing the value of the flow
coefficent in the table with:
KG1 = KG x
175 .8
S x ( 273 . 15 + t )
SBC 782

1"
Size (inches)
510
KG flow coefficient
50
2"
1970
65
2"1/2
3550
80
3"
4390
100
4"
7120
150
6"
14780
200
8"
23080
SCN

1"
Size (inches)
549
KG flow coefficient
40
1"1/2
1116
50
2"
1788
65
2"1/2
2603
80
3"
4086
100
4"
6122
HBC 975

Size (inches)
KG flow coefficient
100
4"
7120
150
6"
14780
200
8"
23080
25
1"
500
40
1"1/2
860
50
2"
976
Dilock 108

Size (inches)
KG flow coefficient
250
10"
32470
150
200
6"
8"
13680 21700
250
10"
32506
Sizing the Safety Relief
Valves
Calculation of the safety relief valves

The flow rate is calculated by the following formulae:
q = (0.9 Kc) (394.9 x C) P1 A
M
Z1 T1
q
M
Q = 23.661
q = maximum flow rate to be discharged, in Kg/h

Q = maximum flow rate (Stm3/h)
A = minimum area (cm2) (see table)
Kc = outflow coefficient
P1= setting pressure plus a 10% overpressure (bar abs)
T1= temperature in K of the fluid at the valve inlet during
the discarge, reported by user or by designer.
0,9 = safety coefficient
M = molecular mass of the fluid in Kg/Kmol (see table)
Z1 = compressibiliti factor of the fluid under the P1
conditions to be considered approximately equal to
one if the actual values is not known.
k=
Cp
Cv
exponent of equation of the isentropic expansion

under the P1 and T1 conditions.
Cp = specific heat at consistant pressure
Cv = specific heat at consistant volume
C = coefficient of expansion = C =
(see table)
k(
2
k+1
k+1
k-1
PVS 782

Size (inches)
Calculation area (cm2)
Outflow coefficient K
25
1"
4,71
0,56
50
2"
20,03
0,56
80
3"
43,01
0,56
100
4"
74,66
0,56
150
200
6"
8"
168,56 259,59
0,56
0,56
Molecular mass and expansion coeff.

Relative density
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Methane
Natural gas*
Nitrogen
Oxigen
Propane
* Medium value
Molecular mass M
28,97
44,01
2,02
16,04
18,04
28,02
32,00
44,09
Coefficient of expansion C
0,685
0,668
0,686
0,669
0,669
0,685
0,685
0,635
Pressure
Capacity table versus pressure

Size
2 barg
10 barg
20 barg
30 barg
40 barg
Flow rate (Kg/h)
25
1"
332
1885
2472
5337
7063
50
2"
2144
8016
15357
22697
30038
80
3"
4604
17214
32976
48738
64500
100
4"
7991
29881
57242
84603
111964
150
6"
18043
67462
129235
191008
252781
200
8"
27788
103894
199028
294161
389295
DA SISTEMARE !!!!!!!!
Pietro Fiorentini S.p.A.

via E.Fermi 8/10
I-36057 Arcugnano (VI) Italy
The data are not binding. We reserve the

right to make eventual changes without
prior notice.
CT-s 570-E June 12
www.fiorentini.com
Tel. +39 0444 968.511

Fax. +39 0444 960.468

Reflux 819 Sizing Calculation

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Reflux 819 Sizing Calculation

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Sizing

Pressure Regulators &

Sizing the Pressure

A-2 in critical conditions: (Pu 2xPd)

0 .526 x Pu x sin K1x

NOTE: The sin val is understood to be DEG.

CAPACITY REDUCTION TABLE:

Lists the correction factors Fc for anumber of gases at 15C.

Gas speed at the outlet flange [m/sec]

Outlet pressure [bar]

gas speed in m/sec

Cg and Kg valve coefficient

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm) 25

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Cg and Kg valve coefficient

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

Nominal diameter (mm)

See the capacity Table

Nominal diameter (mm)

Cg and Kg valve coefficient

Reflux 919 - Syncroflux - VLM

Sizing the Control Valve

Q = flow rate in Stm/H

1.1 > in non critical conditions:

Q = 0,526 x Cg x Pu x sin (106,78

16,8 x Cv x Pu x sin (106,78

(valid for Pu 2 x Pd)

2.2 > in critical conditions:

(valid for Pu < 2 x Pd)

(valid for Pu 2 x Pd)

Reflux 919 - Syncroflux - VLM

Nominal diameter (mm)

Sizing the Control Valve

GAS, VAPOR AND STEAM

Weight flow rate (gas and vapor)

Weight flow rate (saturated steam)

Weight flow rate (overheated steam)

Variable liquid/vapor mixture ratio (liquid containing

Weight flow rate (gas and vapor)

Weight flow rate (saturated steam)

Cg and Kg valve coefficient

Volume flow rate

Volume flow rate

Weight flow rate

Weight flow rate

= valve flow rate coefficient: US gpm of water with

= vena contracta critical pressure: bar abs

Liquid control application

Gas control application

Sizing the Slam Shut

Calculation of the pressure drop

p = pressure loss in bar

Nominal diameter (mm) 25

Nominal diameter (mm) 25

Nominal diameter (mm)