Mobile Comm.

Lab Manual

Date:

PRACTICAL: 3
AIM: To study and compare working principle of GSM and CDMA.
GSM:
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spcial
Mobile), is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular
networks used by mobile phones. It became the de facto global standard for mobile
communications used in all countries but a few.
The GSM standard was developed as a replacement for first generation (1G)
analog cellular networks, and originally described a digital, circuit switched network
optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This was expanded over time to include
data communications, first by circuit switched transport, then packet data transport via
GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution or EGPRS).
Further improvements were made when the 3GPP developed third generation
(3G) UMTS standards followed by fourth generation (4G) LTE Advanced standards.

Future of the Mobile Telephone:

In the future, your mobile phone could tell your computer to prepare the next
days schedule remind you about your evenings appointment, order your air conditions
to cool your house, heat the water in and turn on for the evening news, etc.
This is possible due to many news up working technologies. Technologies that
connect you any time, any where with many persons. All these technologies are uses
internet as a medium. In the future coverage is going to be the main factor.

GPRS (GENERAL PACKET RADIO SYSTEM):

GPRS which is the next generation technology has addressed most of the
problems associated with WAP. General packet radio system, which works more or
less on basic on which e-mail works, sends text and high and graphics data as packet
at very high speed. GPRS comes under 2.5 generation. Slow speed circuit switching
of GSM is replaced by high speed packet switching in GPRS.
The first generation mobile phones add only voice call facility, which was
replaced. By the second generation digital phones which added tax, data and message
services. The idea behind 3G to have c/g network std. instead of different types
adopted in America, Europe and Japan.

BLUETOOTH:
In the ultimate communication, Bluetooth is best technology, which allows
intelligent gadgets to the communication. With each other this how technology will
more science fiction a reality.
For example, it will make your refrigerator to place order for vegetables when
the stock is low. In the future, everyday devices such as cordless phone and palm
devices will operate on a single internet protocol and anything that is not on a web
enabled will fall.

DECE GP, Dahod

Mobile Comm. Lab Manual

Date:

3G:
3G is watching chips from your train with favourite soup. 3G is sending
images from the field to headquarters for analysis. The 3G is sharing your morocen
variation with your friend from morroco. 3G is video conferencing in a taxi. 3G is
future of everyday communication. You may have seen terms in like GPRS, EDGE,
HSPA and UMTS. All of these are concepts related to development of mobile
communication n/ws to 3G.

CDMA:
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a spread spectrum technology that
spreads multiple conversations across a wide segment of the spectrum as opposed to
splitting a channel into time slots, it comes under 3G. With CDMA, unique digital
codes are used to differentiate subscribers that are simultaneously using the same
spectrum.

GSM and CDMA:

Although both refer to cellular phone networks, GSM and CDMA differ in the
technology that they use. CDMA uses a system in which all signals are sent at the
same time, but each is spread across multiple frequencies. Servers assign an
individual code to each transmission so that the signals don't interfere with each other
and can be matched up between the sender and receiver.
Originally, the two protocols differed in signal quality, consistency, and voice
distortion, among other features. Both methods have been improved, however, and
there are few significant differences between the two in terms of call quality. GSM
phones are slightly more likely to drop calls as a user moves between cell towers, but
they have better coverage in places with a lot of mountains. This technology also
allows for voice and data transmission at the same time, which most CDMA phones
cannot do.

CDMA ADVANTEGES:
1. Increases Voice Capacity
2. Higher Throughput
3. Frequency Band Flexibility
4. Multicast Services
5. Service Multiple Market
6. Supports Multiple Service Platforms.
7. Full Backward Compatibility
8. Increased Battery Life
9. Synchronization
10. Power Control
11. Soft Handoff
12. Transmit Diversity
13. Traffic Channel
14. Supplemental Channel
15. Turbo Coding

DECE GP, Dahod

Mobile Comm. Lab Manual

Date:

COMPARISION OF GSM AND CDMA:

GSM

CDMA

Uses time division multiple access.

Uses code division multiple access.
Information transmitted over small period Information transmitted over wide
of time called burst.
bandwidth with unique code known to
intended transmitter & receiver only.
Frequency reuse concept is used.
All cells have frequency band.
Hard handoff requires.
Soft hand off is employed.
Capacity is compare to CDMA.
Capacity is high compare to GSM.
GSM has a fixed maximum cell site CDMA can use higher range by increase
range of 35km, which is imposed by power spectrum density but it increase to
technical limitation.
other system.
Data transfer speed is lower compare to Data transfer speed is higher compare to
CDMA.
GSM.
For higher speed & value added service The migrate path of CDMA is from ISGSM adds the concept of GPRS and 95A to CDMA2000 to CDMA2000 3*
EDGE technology from 2G to 3G & MC for higher speed & value added
migrate toward WCDMA.
service.
GPRS uses GMSK modulation while CDMA uses Direct sequence or
EDGE uses 8PSK modulation.
frequency hoping modulation.
Most popular around the globe word wide Growing at faster rate.
roaming in more than 200 countries.
Capacity is limited by allocated Capacity is limited by available codes.
bandwidth.
Data transmission is discontinuous hence CDMA extends battery life by using
increase battery life.
effective power control.
Security is less compare to CDMA.
CDMA systems are more secure.

CONCLUSION:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

DECE GP, Dahod