BUKU PETUNJUK PRAKTIS

DSF REMEDIAL CEMENTING

Heavy Oil Wellwork

2005

Daftar Isi Buku:

Daftar Isi ... 1
Cementing Job Ground Rules 2
Cementing Decision Flow Process ... 3
CBL Guideline .. 4
Cara Membaca VDL . 5
Cara QC CBL . 6
CAST-V / USIT Guideline .. 7
Menentukan Squeeze Interval .. 9
Menetukan Slurry Design 10
Menentukan Jumlah saxs Cement 11
Contoh Cara Menentukan Slurry Design dan
Jumlah Cement .12
Cementing Technique . 13
Contoh Pumping Chart ... 14
Procedure Persiapan Sebelum Squeeze job 15
Bullhead Cementing Procedure . 16
Contoh Perhitungan Bullhead Cementing 18
Equalize Cementing Procedure .. 19
Contoh Perhitungan Equalize Cementing . 22
Contoh Cementing Report . 23
Contoh Cementing Score Card... 24
2005 HOWW Cementing Team...... 25

Cementing Job Ground Rules

WW Reps mempunyai accountability terhadap
Cementing Jobs
Cementing Focus Team akan membantu WW Reps
untuk menentukan squeeze interval, slurry design,
placement technique, perhitungan and onsite support
jika diperlukan
WW Reps and Cementer harus mempunyai Design
dan Perhitungan Cementing yang sama dan benar
WW Reps harus witness Cementing job (Injectivity
test, Pumping water head, Pumping Cement Slurry,
Water displacement and Hesitation)
WW Reps mengisi form Cementing Score Card
dan menyerahkan ke Cementing Team
Cementing team akan mengumpulkan dan
mengevaluasi Cementing Score Card untuk
meningkatkan kualitas cementing Job

Compiled by Iwan Wijanarko 2005

Squeeze Cementing Decision Flow Process

WWReps

Cementing Team

Serco reps

TL Operation

Pre-job meeting

Planning

Discuss the plan forward

Evaluate and Re -design

Execution

Squeeze Job I

Success?

Next Squeeze job(s )

Continue next program

Resqueeze?
N

N
Success?
Y

Continue next program

Other alternatives
Continue next program
Pack well off

RMT/PMT

Tabel CBL Guideline

Csg.
Size

Csg.
Wt.

(in)

(ppf)

TT
Expected
Transit
Time
( sec) Free Pipe
Amplitude

3 - 1/2
4 - 1/2

5 1/2

9 5/8

10 3/4

Class "H" cement

Compressive
Strength
3000 psi
100%

Good
Bond

Cement

Cut Off

POZ Mix
Compressive
Strength
1500 psi
100%

Good
Bond
Cut Off

Interval
req'd for
Isolation
(ft)

mV

(mv)

(60%)

cement
(mv)

9.3

239

92

N/A

< 1.0

N/A

N/A

9.5

254

81

N/A

N/A

0.2

2.3

11.6

0.6

4.6

13.5

1.0

7.0

77

(60%)

15.0

239

0.9

5.7

2.3

10.1

18.0

236

2.4

10.4

4.6

16.5

21.0

234

3.8

14.7

7.3

21.0

15.5

248

0.7

4.7

1.6

8.2

17.0

247

1.0

6.1

2.4

10.3

20.0

245

2.2

9.4

4.1

14.9

23.0

243

3.4

13.2

6.1

18.5

23.0

272

1.0

5.6

2.4

9.3

26.0

270

1.8

7.8

3.4

12.1

29.0

269

2.5

9.4

4.5

14.6

32.0

267

3.3

11.8

6.1

17.1

35.0

266

3.9

13.1

6.9

18.1

38.0

264

4.9

15.2

9.0

20.7

40.0

263

6.1

17.1

10.2

22.4

40.0

313

1.7

6.7

3.2

10.6

43.5

312

2.5

8.7

4.1

12.6

47.0

311

2.7

9.1

4.7

13.7

53.5

308

3.7

11.8

6.6

16.4

40.5

334

1.1

5.0

2.4

8.4

45.5

333

1.7

6.5

3.2

9.7

48.0

331

2.3

8.0

3.8

11.2

51.0

330

2.5

8.5

4.2

12.0

54.0

329

2.6

8 .9

4.6

12.8

55.0

329

2.8

9.2

4.9

13.4

71

61

52

50

Used for Old

Cement

7.5

10

15

18

Used for New

Cement < 24 hrs

Bond Cut Off for Class H Cement must be used as the Bond Cut Off guidel
Old Wells and Wells where the cement has been in place more than 24 hours (for
Primary or Remedial Cementing, the Compressive Strength is estimated to have
reached 3000 psi).

Bond Cut Off for POZ Mix Cement can be used only as the guideline for w
the cement has been in place for less than 24 hours (after Primary or Remedial
Cementing, Compressive Strength is estimated to have reached only 1500 psi).

ine for

ells where

Cara membaca VDL

Cement Bond yang bagus selain dari Amplitude, juga
ditentukan dari bacaan VDL.
VDL digunakan untuk menentukan apakah ada cement
bond dari casing ke cement dan cement ke formasi.
Casing to Cement Bond:
Bacaan VDL di sebelah kiri agak kabur (Putih
untuk HLS log dan abu-abu untuk Schlumberger log)
Cement to Formation Bond:
Bacaan VDL di sebelah kanan tidak lurus,
biasanya mengikuti pola Gamma Ray.
Gamma Ray

Amplitude (mV)

VDL

Bad Bonding

Good Bonding

Amplitude: Lihat tabel di

atas untuk menentukan
cut off good bonding

Good Bond
Casing-Cement:
Kabur/ Putih

Good Bond Cement-Formation:

Polanya tidak Lurus mengikuti pola
Gamma Ray

Bagaimana QC CBL?
Pastikan CBL tersebut ON-DEPTH dengan mengkorelasikan pada Mark Log / CBL sebelumnya
Pastikan bacaan Free Pipe Amplitude sesuai
dengan Estimate Free Pipe Amplitude (Lihat Tabel)
Pastikan bacaan Transit Time sesuai dengan
Estimate Transit Time (Lihat Tabel)
Bacaan Amplitude harus sama antara Main Log
dengan Repeat Section

CAST-V / USIT
Cast-V atau USIT adalah ultrasonic log yang bisa
menggambarkan acoustic impedance Z (~ compressive
strength) material yang ada di belakang casing dan
ditampilkan dalam 360 degree image sehingga bisa
diketahui jika ada chanelling di belakang casing.
Ultrasonic log ini di run jika hasil CBL tidak memenuhi
cut-off good bonding yang kemungkinan disebabkan
karena adanya Micro Annulus.
CAST-V-Halliburton
Skala Z plot berdasarkan warna:
1st block (red): 0 to 0.34 MRayls (indication of gas)
2nd block (light blue): 0.34 to 1.03 MRayls (indication of
fresh water)
3rd block (medium blue): 1.03 to 2.06 MRayls (indication
of water and/or drilling mud)
4th block (light yellow): 2.06 to 2.41 MRayls (indication of
foamed cement, contaminated cement or heavy mud)
5th block (light brown): 2.41 to 3.44 MRayls (indication of
cement, depends on density and compressive strength
developed)
6th block (dark brown): 3.44 to 4.47 MRayls (indication
of cement, depends on density and compressive strength
developed)
7th block (black): 4.47 to 5.50 MRayls or higher
(indication of high strength cement)

USIT-Schlumberger

Skala Z plot berdasarkan warna:

Material
Gas (red)
Liquid (blue)
Cement (brown to black)

Z (Mrayls)
< 0.30
0.3 2.6
>2.6

Bagaimana Menentukan Squeeze Interval?

Tentukan Zone Interest berdasarkan Program
240 to Surface
Rindu to 240
Rindu to Surface
PK zone to Rindu
Tentukan Posisi Masing-masing Top dan Bottom
Sand 240, Rindu dan Pertama
Tentukan Posisi Shale yang menjadi target squeeze
Bandingkan dengan posisi Bad Bonding hasil CBL.
Interval Squeeze paling ideal adalah pada Bad
Bonding di daerah Shale dan berjarak minimum
10ft dari interval sand
A
Top 240

240 Sand

Btm 240

B
Top Rindu

Rindu Sand
C

Btm Rindu

=Focus area of Squeeze Interval

240 to Surface = A
Rindu to 240 = B
Pertama- Rindu = C
Rindu to Surface = A & B
Pertama to Surface= A & B & C

Top Pertama

Pertama Sand

Menentukan Slurry Design

Dasar menentukan Cement Slurry Design:
1. Circulating Temperature
2. Injectivity Pressure
Standard Cement Slurry Design yang bisa dipilih:
Slurry working temperature
o 90 F
o 105 F
o 125 F
Cement Slurry Type
o Lead Cement Slurry
o Tail Cement Slurry

Pemilihan Cement Slurry Design berdasarkan Injectivity:

Type
Loose Injection Profile
Moderate Injection Profile
Tight Injection Profile

Injectivity Pressure Slurry Design

(@0.6 bpm)
Lead slurry atau
<50 Psi
Lead + sedikit Tail Slurry
50 -200 Psi
>200 Psi

Lead + Tail Slurry

Tail Slurry

10

Menentukan Jumlah saxs cement:

Jumlah cement yang akan digunakan berdasarkan
panjang squeeze interval dan injectivity pressure.
Berdasarkan job-job sebelumnya yang hasilnya bagus,
table berikut ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk
menentukan jumlah cement berdasarkan injectivity-nya:
Tabel Cara menentukan Jumlah Cement yang dibutuhkan
Injectivity Pressure (Psi) Min Cement (sxs) Max Cement (sxs)
0-50
200
300
50-100
150
200
100-150
125
150
150-200
100
125
200-250
75
100
>250
50
75

Note:
Guideline diatas untuk pekerjaan squeeze IB dan Squeeze
casing leak. Sedangkan untuk perkerjaan Squeeze off
interval yang intervalnya panjang, jumlah cementnya
dilebihkan.

11

Contoh Cara Menentukan Slurry Design dan Jumlah

Cement
1. Pekerjaan squeeze IB
Hasil Injectivity: 125 Psi @ 0.6 bpm
Circulating temperature: 95 deg F
Maka:
Jumlah cement: 125-150 sxs (lihat tabel di atas)
Design Slurry
o Temperatur design: 90 F (standard)
o Jenis Slurry : 50% Lead + 50% Tail
2. Pekerjaan squeeze off interval (panjang interval 20)
Hasil Injectivity: 40 Psi @ 0.6 bpm
Circulating temperature: 110 deg F
Maka:
Design Slurry
o Temperatur design: 105 F (standard)
o Jenis Slurry : 75% Lead + 25% Tail
Jumlah cement: 250 sxs (lihat tabel di atas)
Untuk interval yang lebih panjang, sebaiknya jumlah
cement ditambah.

12

CEMENTING TECHNIQUE
Remedial Technique di Duri ada 2 macam:
Bullhead Technique (tubing di atas)
Paling sering di pakai untuk kondisi normal
Equalize Technique (tubing dibawah)
Diaplikasikan untuk kondisi:
o Well sand problem yang berpotensi menutup
squeeze interval dan menghalangi cement
o Jika ada beberapa squeeze interval yang letaknya
berjauhan dan akan di squeeze sekaligus
o Untuk squeeze / shut off interval yang kondisi
wellnya Loss Circulation atau Low pressure

13

Contoh Pumping Chart

Pumping Cement Slurry Water Displacement
Pressure

A
B

C-D: Water
Displacement

A-C: Pumping cement slurry

A-B: Pressure turun karena air di wellbore digantikan
cement yang densitynya lebih besar
B-C: Pressure kembali naik karena cement slurry
mulai masuk formasi (blocking effect)
Time

Hesitation

14

PROCEDURE
Procedure Persiapan Sebelum Squeeze job
1.

2.

3.

Pressure test Casing sampai400 psiuntuk wellbaru

atau 200 Psi untuk well lama. Pressure test BOP
untuk memastikan BOP dalam keadaan bagus
Diusahakan well bore dalam kondisi full dengan 2%
KCl water.
Buka annulus valve antara surface casing dan
production casing
Gali sekeliling WH untuk memastikan FM seal tidak bocor

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

9.

Pasang pressure gauge 0 - 1000 psi pada BOP

connection valve.
Run CBL, record max. temperature, perforate squeeze
interval. Lakukan injectivity test menggunakan rig
pump. (Lihat procedur menentukan squeeze interval).
Set OE tubing +/- 10 feet dibawah squeeze interval.
Rig up cementing unit & pressure test surface line,
manifold sampai dengan 2000 psi sebelum mulai job.
Reverse out, ambil BHCT dan lakukan injectivity test
w/0.6 BPM, dengan 2 % KCl water.
Lakukan pre-job meeting untuk membicarakan
kondisi downhole (tight, moderate, or loose injection
type), volume cement slurry yang akan di pompa,
minimum pumping rate dari cement slurry, maximum
pressure, pumping procedure, dan menentukan
langkah-langkah yang harus diambil jika terjadi
sesuatu.
15

Bullhead Procedure
1. Raise-up OE tubing ke 70 feet di bawah rotary table
atau seperlunya.
2. Buka BOP dan tutup annulus, fill up well dengan 2%
KCl water, tutup BOP.
3. Pompa 2% KCl water sebelum mixing cement slurry.
4. Mix dan pompa cement slurry berdasarkan injectivity
test
5. Displace lewat tubing dan annulus dengan 0.6 bpm
water secara bergantian.
6. Hesitate lewat tubing dengan 0.2-0.3 bpm water untuk
mendapatkan maximum pressure ~ 300 Psi. Estimate
top cement slurry 50 ft dari top squeeze interval. Tutup
OE tubing valve.
7. Hold pressure & WOC minimum 4 jam, RDMO
cementing unit.
Langkah Perhitungan:
1. Tentukan est TOC ~ 50 ft diatas top perforasi
2. Hitung Vol line dan Vol OE tubing
3. Tentukan perkiraan Hesitate Volume ~ 3 bbls
4. Tentukan Total Displacement
=Vol Line + Vol OE tubing + Vol (est TOC OE tbg) Vol Hesitate

o Displacement I (Tubing) = Vol Line + Vol OE tubing

o Dispalcement II (Annulus) = 1-2 bbls
o Dispalacemet III (Tubing) = Total Displ Displ II Displ III

16

C
D
E

Pump Cement Slurry

Displace Tubing =
Vol line (A) +
Vol OE Tubing (B)

Displace annulus =
Volume C

Displace tubing =
Volume D

Total Volume Displacement + Hesitate

= Vol Line + Vol OE Tubing + Vol Casing antara Ujung OE tubing ke Est TOC )
= A + B + (C + D + E)

Est TOC

Hesitate =
Volume E

17

Bullhead Squeeze

Example:
Cement

Casing size = 10-3/4, Capacity = 0.0981 bbl/ft, PBTD @ 420 ft

Interval will be shut off = 400 - 410
Tubing size = 3-1/2, Capacity = 0.0087 bbl/ft, Set @ 70 ft

Line (A)

Water

OE tubing
(B)

Calculation:
Assume line volume = 0.5 bbl
Tubing volume (B) = 70 ft x 0.0087 bbl/ft
Hesitation volume (E) = 3 bbls

70

Displacement
(B +C)
Hesitation
(E)

400-410

340

= 0.6 bbls

Proposed top of cement slurry left inside casing at 340 ft, then
Displacement volume
= {(340 - 70) ft x 0.0981 bbl/ft} + 0.6 bbl Hestitation vol
= 26.4 bbl + 0.6 bbl 3 Bbls = 24.0 bbl

420

Total displacement volume

Hesitation

= 3 bbls

= 24.5 bbl

(0.5+0.6) Bbls from tubing

5 BBbls from annulus
19 Bbls from tubing

Contoh Perhitungan

Displacement Volume

18

Equalize Technique Procedure

1. Set OE 5 ft dibawah bottom perforasi
2. Buka BOP dan tutup annulus, fill up well dengan 2%

KCl water, tutup BOP.

3. Pompa 2% KCl water sebelum mixing cement slurry.
4. Pompa Cement Slurry
5. Choke Annulus, Equalize cement slurry sesuai
kebutuhan.
6. Displace pump truck line dan OE tubing dengan air
0.6 BPM.
7. Raise-up OE tbg +/- 100 ft diatas squeeze interval,
reverse out the slurry
8. Raise-up OE tbg ke ~ 70 ft. Fill up dan tutup BOP
9. Hesitate lewat tubing dengan 0.2-0.3 bpm water
untuk mendapatkan maximum pressure ~ 300 Psi.
Estimate top cement slurry 50 ft dari top squeeze
interval. Tutup OE tubing valve.
10.
Hold pressure & WOC minimum 4 jam, RDMO
cementing unit.

19

Langkah Perhitungan Equalize Technique:

1. Tentukan est final TOC ~ 50 ft di atas top perforasi
2. Tentukan est top slurry setelah equalize ~ 100 di atas
top perforasi (TOC1)
3. Hitung volume yang akan di equalized =
Vol Annular (TOC1-Top perf) + Vol Metal
Displacement tubing (TOC1-OE tbg) (Vol line +
Vol Tubing displacement to TOC1)
4. Hitung Volume cement slurry yang akan dipompa
sebelum equalize = Total Slurry Equalized Volume
5. Tentukan perkiraan Hesitate Volume ~ 3 bbls
6. Tentukan Total Casing Displacement
= Vol (est TOC Est TOC1) Vol Hesitate

20

Equalize Cementing
C
Choke

TOC1

Water
Cement

E
A+B-C

OE

Set OE tubing 10 ft
below bottom interval
Pump Cement Slurry
=Total Slurry Volume
equalized

Choke Annulus.
Equalize cement = A + B - C
=Vol Annular (TOC1-Top perf) +
Vol Metal Displacement tubing
(TOC1-OE tbg) Vol Line and
Tubing Displacement to TOC1
Note:
TOC1 = ~ 100 ft above top interval

Displace tubing
to TOC1 (C)

Raise up tubing
to TOC1
Reverse out

Raise up OE to 60 ft
Displace (D + E)
Hesitate (F)

21

CALCULATIONS Equalize/ Braden head Squeeze

Casing size = 10-3/4, Capacity = 0.0981 bbl/ft, PBTD @ 420 ft
Interval will be shut off = 400 - 410
Tubing size = 3-1/2, Capacity = 0.0087 bbl/ft, OE Set @ 415 ft
Annulus 10-3/4 3-1/2 = 0.0862 bbls/ft
Metal Displacement 3-1/2 tubing: 0.00321 bbls/ft

Calculation:

Estimate Final TOC 340 ft

Pump Slurry = Total volume Volume to be equalized

Cement

Expected top of cement slurry (TOC1) is ~ 250 ft

Volume to be equalized = A + B - C
= annulus volume (Top Intv TOC1) + Metal Displc tbg (OE-TOC1)
- Line and Tbg volume to TOC1
= [(0.0862 bbls/ft) x ( 400-250) ft ] + [0.00321 bbls/ft x(415-250)ft]

Water

- [0.6 + 0.0087 (250)]

70

=(12.9 + 0.53 - 2.8)bbls = 10.6 bbls

TOC1=250

250

Displacement
Hesitation

A+B-C

340

Displace Vol Tubing toTOC1 =

= vol line + vol inside tbg 250 ft
= 0.6 + 0.0087 (250)

= 2.8 bbls
400-410
OE 415
420

415
420

22

Continue with raise up OE to 250

Reverse out
Raise up OE to 70
Displacement =Vol casing (340-250) Vol Hesitation
Hesitation = ~ 3 bbls

LAMPIRAN 1
Contoh Report yang harus di isi setiap Cementing Job
COMP-001 REV.5. June-03 (NI)

REMEDIAL CEMENTING REPORT

WELL INFO
Grid No : 6R20A
Area

i.e 6N83A

Well Type :

: 6

Well ID : D-2716

i.e D-1933

INJECTOR

Comp. Type :
Casing Size :

10-3/4"

Inch

Rig / CTU :

i.e SQ/IB/CL/IS

Job Date : 24-Apr-05

Injectivity Test

OTHER

I.e CHGP, OHGP, SS, PSD etc

Program No : IBBPRO0620050002
Job Type : IB

PRODUCER

OHGP

Job Sequence :

SPA # 03

i.e BN-11 or CTU H-1

SQZ 1

i.e 1, 2 or 3 and next

i.e 07-JAN-2003

0.6

BPM

Pressure

1: Upper :
2: Upper :

250

ft
ft

1: Lower
2: Lower

3: Upper :

ft

3: Lower

ft

4: Upper :

ft

4: Lower

ft

5: Upper :

ft

5: Lower

ft

170

Psi

252

ft
ft

BHCT

130

Deg F

Target Interval

Total GP sand

Temp Slurry design :

Sxs (Sqz Pack Job)

125

Cement Type : "G" CMT

Total Cement Usage :

Deg F

LCM Used :

("G", "MMC")

125

Sxs

NO USAGE

Lead :

14 Bbls

Fluid Loss 256

cc/30min

Density

15.8 ppg

Thickening Time

1:55

(hh:mm)

Tail :

21 Bbls

Fluid Loss 144

cc/30min

Density

15.8 ppg

Thickening Time

2:20

(hh:mm)

Service Comp : DOWELL

Cementer Name BIDNER SIANTURI

Total Cost

Placement Technique
Braden Head (Equalize)

X Bullhead (OE Tubing)

Krypton Result

Good

Bad

Result for SQ/IB/CL/IS

Good

Bad

WW Representatives :
Compresive strength 500 psi :
WOC :
Test Target Interval :
Sueeze Result :

Bullhead (Cement Retainer)

OE set @
TOC @

NA

TOC @

4209.8
70
195

US$

FT
FT

(estimate)

FT

(actual)

NA
Leak

NA

For IB Only
i.e ERS

RAFLIATA # 15893

MV

ft

Hesitation

hrs

Initial Press

133

Psi

5
400

hrs

Final Press
Hesitate Total

400
2.5

Psi

CIF
CIP

29.5
14:15

LEAK :

Psi
BPM ,

PSI

BBls
BBls
HRS

23

LAMPIRAN 2
Contoh Score Card yang harus di isi setiap Cementing Job
REMEDIAL CEMENTING SCORE CARD
WELL: 6R-20A # 2716
DATE: 24-04-2005
ACTIVITY

Call Cementing Unit

Cementing Unit Rig-Up
Injectivity test
Discuss Slurry design and
Placement technique

WW REPS:RAFLIATA # 15893
SERCO : DOWELL
Start-Time

Compl-Time

16:30
3:30
4:30

22:00
4:00
5:00

Remark

Date : 23 April 2005

Date : 24 April 2005
o
0;6 BPM 170 Psi. Temp 130 F
WW Reps Calculation and Procedure

Yes

WW Reps Calculation and Procedure

Yes

Same Calculation and Procedure between WW Reps and Cementer

Yes

Mixing slurry

8:00

10:00

Date : 24April 2005

Pumping slurry __35_____ bbls

Pumping Rate: 0.8 BPM

Pumping pressure: IP 170 , FP: 133

Displacement __9.7_____bbls

Pumping Rate : 0.8 BPM

Pumping pressure: IP: 146 FP: 110

Hesitate __3_____ bbls

1. Voulme : 0.5 bbls

Pumping pressure: IP 92 PSI... FP:

114PSI..
Pumping pressure: IP 92 PSI...
FP: 119 PSI..
Pumping pressure: IP 87 PSI...
FP: 133 PSI..
Pumping pressure: IP 92 PSI...
FP: 179 PSI..
Pumping pressure: IP 130 PSI...
FP: 400 PSI..
Pumping pressure: IP ... FP:
..pressure: IP ... FP:
Pumping
..
Pumping pressure: IP ... FP:
..

2. Voulme : 0.5 bbls

3. Voulme : 0.5 bbls
4. Voulme : 0.5 bbls
5. Voulme : 0.5 bbls
6. Voulme : bbls
7. Voulme : bbls
8. Voulme : bbls

WOC FOR 5 HRS

DOC
Pressure test with ____ Psi ____
minutes

W/O 10 MNTS
W/O 30 MNTS
W/O 30 MNTS
W/O 30 MNTS
HOLD PRESS

14:15 HRS 0.80208

Call CBL
CBL Truck Rig-Up
Run CBL (after squeeze)

24