K.

Yegoryan

SENTENCE PATTERNS
ALL ABOUT SENTENCE: MY BEST WORKSHEET

Sentence is a group of words that form a complete thought (meaning).

The two heroes of the Sentence are: Subject and Verb
Fragment is an incomplete sentence lacking subject, verb, or both.
We start a sentence with Capital Letter and end it with (.) Period

Run-On Sentences are two or more sentences that run on each other because of lack
of punctuation and conjunction.

Sentences can be: (TYPES OF SENTENCES)

1. DECLARATIVE (Statements)
EX: The students are going to a field trip.
2. INTERROGATIVE (questions)
EX: Are you coming? What is it? Its amazing, isnt it?
3. IMPERATIVE (orders and requests)
EX: Open the door. Open the door please.
4. EXCLAMATORY (emotions and feelings)
EX: Oh, what a day!

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Based on their STRUCTURE Sentences can be:

1. SIMPLE
These sentences have one complete though. Simple sentences can have more than one
subject and verb and are not necessary short.
EX: Tom, Sam, and Anna are dancing and singing.
2. COMPLEX
These sentences have two or more thoughts (clauses) where one is a Dependent s
and one is an Independent sentence.
Complex Sentences are formed with Subordinating Conjunctions
EX: When Tome came home, Anna was sleeping.
Some examples of Subordinating Conjunctions (SC) are:
When
After

Before
Although

Since
If

Because
While

Until
As

* Punctuation with SC: Never a , before SC

SC Dependent , Independent but Independent (no comma) SC Dependent

3. COMPOUND
These sentences have two or more thought where ALL are Independent
Sentences and are formed with Coordinating Conjunctions.
EX: Tom was watching TV, and Anna was washing the dishes.

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The Coordinating Conjunctions (CC) are:

For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So

Punctuation with CC Always a , before CC.

Independent + , CC + Independent

4. COMPLEX COMPOUND
These sentences have three and more thoughts at least 1 Dependent and
2 Independent Sentences/ clauses and are formed with Subordinating and
coordinating conjunctions.
EX: When Macys bought Robinsons May, the management cut the workforce by 15% ,
and Anna became unemployed

The WORD ORDER in the English Sentence is: Subject + Verb + Object

There are 5 main Sentence Patterns

1. SUBJECT + VERB (Intransitive Verb)
or SUBJECT + VERB (Intransitive Verb) + ADVERBIAL WORD/ PHRASE
EX: The birds fly.
The birds fly high in the sky.
2. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT
or SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT+ ADVERBIAL WORD/
PHRASE

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EX: I bought a book. The little girl saw a butterfly on the flower.
3. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) INDIRRECT OBJECT +
DIRRECT OBJECT
EX: I wrote him a letter. The teacher assigned them a project.

4. SUBJECT + VERB (Linking Verb) + SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

EX: She is beautiful. He seems smart.
5. SUBJECT + VERB (Transitive Verb) + DIRRECT OBJECT +
OBJECT COMPLEMENT
EX: The jury found him guilty. The company elected Tom the president.

Glossary of Terms
Adjective a word that modifies a noun, is used before the noun or after
a Linking Verb and forms Subject Complement. ( A nice girl, The girl
is nice)
Adverbial word/phrase functions as an adverb and modifies verb,
adjective, or other adverb. It answers to questions How? When? and
Where? (He is smiling happily. She is a very nice woman. He loves
her very much. Yesterday, they went home.)
Transitive Verb: an action verb that needs an object to transit its action.
It canNOT be used without Direct Object. (I opened the door)

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Intransitive verb an action verb that CAN be used with no

complement. (The birds fly. The sun shines).
Linking verb a verb that requires a subject complement to be
complete. Linking verbs are followed by adjective or a noun.
(She is nice. He is a doctor.)
Linking Verbs are: be (am, is, are, was, were), appear, seem, look,
feel, become, grow, etc.

Direct Object a noun/pronoun following a transitive verb; it names

the receiver of the verbs action. It answers to the question Whom?
and What? (I saw her. She bought a book)
Indirect object a noun/pronoun always used only when there is a
Direct Object and stands before Direct Object. It names the recipient of
the direct object. (I wrote him a letter. She teaches us English)

Subject complement the noun or adjective (word or phrase) that

follows a linking verb; it renames or describes the subject. (He seems
smart. She is my aunt).
Object complement an adjective or noun (word or phrase), participial,
infinitive, that completes the idea of the verb and modifies or renames
the direct object. It is always used with Direct Object. (They appointed
Tom Chairman. The jury found him guilty. We saw him injured. The
captains death made the soldiers to surrender).