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1 Introduction
vb
Vf
Feeder
h
y
HT
Vey
Vo
Conveyor
Vb
Vex
Gate
Rc2
vex
vd
vey
vb
ve
Rc1
Dribble
Chute
Ve
[*]
Curved
Impact
Plate
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inter granular friction. Under these conditions the motion can
be described by a lumped parameter model as shown in Fig. 3.
The basic theory is now reviewed.
.
m v
Ho Ao
"n"
"y"
vo
FD
m v
R
m H A
v Rectangular Cross
Section
B
FN
Velocity
Profile
.
v
m g
"s"
"x"
Circular Cross
Section
(1)
Ho
vo
(5)
r = bulk density
A = cross-sectional area of flowing stream
g
cos h
v
le sin h = 0
(6)
s
p
v
dF
ds
dx_ x_ y xy xle g1 le y x
+
=0
2
dx
1y x
(7)
and
(8)
Bo
= pn
pn
y y xx_
q
Also v = x_ 2 y_ 2
(9)
1)
164
R=
1y x
y x
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(10)
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2.5 Complete Solution Involving Variation of le
Solutions of the equations of motion need to take account of
the variation of the equivalent friction along the chute.
Assuming the bulk density remains approximately constant,
the combination of Eqs. (2) and (5) allows the equivalent
friction to be expressed as a function of stream velocity. That
is, for a chute of constant width,
C
(11)
le = l 1 1
V
where C1 Kv
vo Ho
H
(12)
vo = initial velocity
Ho = initial stream thickness
For v = vo at h = ho,
2gR
K vo 2
1
4le 2 1
2 le sin ho 3 le cos ho
2le ho
(17)
Special Case:
When ho = 0 and v = vo,
K vo 2
6le g R
14le
(18)
2le h
vo 2
0:5
6le R g
2
4le 1
(19)
C
le = l 1 + 2 2
vB
(13)
tan k
where C2 = Kv Bo Ho vo 1
l
(14)
B = Bo 2 s tan k
(15)
v=
s
2gR
1 2 le 2 sin h 3 le cos h Ke 2le h (16)
2
4le 1
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a)
a)
0.6
0.55
Vo = 4 m/s R = 2.0 m
0.5
Cut Off Angle
EQUIVALENT FRICTION
5.5
4.5
4
0
0.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
60
30
40
50
60
b)
b)
Vo = 4 m/s R = 2.0 m
4
Vel for Variable ue, Ho/B=0.2
Vel for Const. ue = 0.5
Vel for Variable ue, Ho/B =-0.6
Vel for Const. ue = 0.58
3.5
Cut-Off Angle
VELOCITY (m/s)
4.5
3
0
10
20
30
40
50
ANGULAR POSITION (deg)
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
60
10
20
30
40
ANGULAR POSITION (deg.)
50
60
dv
gR
+ le v =
(cos h + le sin h)
dh
v
166
"n"
FD
m
R
(20)
m v
FN
m v2
R
m g
.
v
B
Cross Section
"t"
Special Case:
(21)
v = vo at ho = p2
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K=
and
vo2
2gR
2
[
2
l
1]
ele p
e
2
14le
(23)
2gR
sin h 2le 2
2
4le 1
v=
+e
le p
2h
vo 2
1 3le cos h
0:5
2 R g 2 le 2 1
4 le 2 1
(24)
Eqs. (20) to (24) apply during positive contact, that is, when
v2
sin h
Rg
The factor Kc < 1.0. For rapid thin stream flow Kc 0.8. As
the stream thickness increases Kc will reduce.
(25)
Eqs. (26) and (27) apply to any chute profile. For a straight
inclined chute, R = . In this case Eq. (26) becomes
Wc =
Qm Kc tan us g sin h
B
(28)
5 Wear in Chutes
Chute wear is a combination of abrasive and impact wear.
Abrasive wear may be analysed by considering the mechanics
of chute flow as will be now described.
Qm Kc tan u
NWR
B
(26)
v2
+ g sin h
R
(27)
Where
= mass flow rate (kg/s)
Kc
v
vs
vs
v
Eq. (26) applies to the chute bottom surface. For the side
walls, the wear will be much less, varying from zero at the
stream surface to a maximum at the chute bottom. Assuming
the side wall pressure to increase linearly from zero at the
stream surface to a maximum value at the bottom then the
average wear on the side walls can be estimated from
Wcsw =
Wc Kv
2 Kc
(29)
Qm
us
B
R
h
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The bulk solid falls vertically through a height h' before
making contact with the curved section of the feed chute. In
view of the very low speed of the feeder, the velocity, vo, of first
contact with the curved section of the feed chute will be,
essentially, in the vertical direction.
p
vfo 2 2 g h
(30)
3
vfo
v 7
7
vo 5
v
vo vfo
v
g
(31)
(32)
(33)
(34)
C = 0.218
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This value of C satisfies the cut-off condition of y(x) =
tan(55) corresponding to x = 3.27 m which is based on
HT = 5.0 m. Substituting y(x) = 2 C x, y(x) = 2C and le as
defined by Eq. (11) into Eqs. (7) and (8) and solving to obtain x_
a)
R=1m
R=2m
R=3m
R=4m
R=
0.5
1.5
1
2 1:5
1 2 C x
2C
(35)
-0.5
p
and y_ as functions of x. The velocity v = x_ 2 y_ 2 is then
obtained.
The results are presented in Fig. 9. Fig. 9a) compares the
chute profiles, while Fig. 9b) presents the velocity profiles. The
constant curvature chute shows that the velocity increases to a
maximum and then decreases as the coal is subjected to
retardation. On the other hand, the parabolic chute shows the
velocity increasing steadily approaching a maximum value
asymptotic value towards the cut-off point. This indicates that
the coal is being accelerated over the entire chute. The velocity
distribution for the parabolic chute is more favourable than
for the constant radius chute. This is because of the increasing
radius of curvature of the parabolic chute as given by
b)
a)
9.5
8.5
7.5
7
6
5.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Parabolic Chute
6.4
6.35
6.3
6.25
6.2
Ve (m/s)
2.5
3.5
6.15
4.5
Wa (kPa m/s)
h (m)
1.5
2
2.5
3.5
b)
1.5
1
0.5
60
2.5
6.5
c)
COORDINATE y (m)
0.5
1
1.5
2
Const Radius Chute
0.5
COORDINATE x (m)
VELOCITY (m/s)
6.5
6
v (m/s) for Parabolic Chute
v (m/s) for Const Radius Chute
5.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
VERTICAL COORDINATE POSITION x (m)
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2
NW R for Parabolic Chute
NW R for Const. Radius Chute
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.8
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Figure 10. Non-dimensional wear profiles for constant radius and parabolic
chutes.
8 Discussion
The foregoing examples may be examined in terms of the
exit velocity ve determined from the energy and frictional
work relationship. For the system of Fig. 3, ve is given by
0:5
xRe
(36)
ve = [vfo2 + 2 g HT] [2 g leye)] 2 le x_ 2 ydx
Bo
C
C1, C2
FD
g
H
Ho
HT
h
Kc
Kv
m
NWR
n
Qm
R
s
t
v
vb
ve
vex
vey
vfo
vo
vs
v
Wa
Wc
Wcsw
x
x
y
y
y
y
us
w
r
l
lb
le
h
ho
References
Symbols used
A
cross-sectional area of flowing stream
a1, a2 constants
B
chute width
170
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
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