IJOSAT Vol.

2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

ISSN: 0976-7578 (Online)

FITRA - A New Algorithm For MU-MIMO OFDM For Reducing

PAR
1

Kottugumada Sravani, 2T.Lakshman Rao,

Student of M.Tech, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SISTAM, Srikakulam
2
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and communications Engineering, SISTAM, Srikakulam
1
ksp.sravani@gmail.com, 2tarralakshman@gmail.com
1

Abstract:
Orthogonal
frequency
division
multiplexing (OFDM) is an optimal solution
for transmitting multiple signals within a
limited bandwidth for large scale Multiple
Input Multiple Output. Multiuser multi input
multiple output systems can use orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing for better
transmission rates within a limited amount
of time for higher throughputs and improved
quality of service for future generations.
Usage of OFDM led to peak to
average power ratio, not apposite for a
healthy signal, The signal merges out of the
limited bandwidth because of PAR .This
Paper discusses about a new algorithm
FITRA-a fast iterative truncation Algorithm
to reduce the PAR for an MU-MIMO
OFDM system for PAR reduction which can
be implemented by using Convex
Optimization by using SVD method.
Keywords: FITRA, MU-MIMO OFDM,
OFDM, PAR, SVD.
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) is a scheme used in
the area of high-data-rate mobile wireless
communications such as cellular phones,
satellite communications and digital audio
broadcasting. This technique is mainly
utilized to combat inter-symbol interference.

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I.

Introduction:

The growing demand of multimedia

services and the growth of Internet related
contents lead to increasing interest to high
speed communications. The requirement for
wide bandwidth and flexibility imposes the
use of efficient transmission methods that
would fit to the characteristics of wideband
channels especially in wireless environment
where the channel is very challenging. In
wireless environment the signal is
propagating from the transmitter to the
receiver along number of different paths,
collectively referred as multipath. While
propagating the signal power drops of due to
three effects: path loss, macroscopic fading
and microscopic fading. Fading of the signal
can be mitigated by different diversity
techniques. To obtain diversity, the signal is
transmitted through multiple (ideally)
independent fading paths e.g. in time,
frequency or space and combined
constructively at the receiver
II. MU MIMO OFDM:
Large scale multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) wireless communication is a
promising means to meet the growing
demands for higher throughput and
improved quality-of-service of nextgeneration multi-user (MU) wireless
communication systems. The vision is that a
large number of antennas at the base-station
(BS) would serve a large number of users
concurrently and in the same frequency
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International Journal of Science And Technology

IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

band, but with the number of BS antennas

being much larger than the number of users,
say a hundred antennas serving ten users.
Large-scale MIMO systems also have the
potential to reduce the operational power
consumption at the transmitter and enable
the use of low-complexity schemes for
suppressing MU interference (MUI). All
these properties render large-scale MIMO a
promising technology for next-generation
wireless communication systems.
While the theoretical aspects of
large-scale MU-MIMO systems have gained
significant attention in the research community, e.g., , much less is known about
practical transmission schemes. As pointed
out in, practical realizations of large-scale
MIMO systems will require the use of low
cost and low-power radio-frequency (RF)
components. To this end, reference proposed
a novel MU pre-coding scheme for
frequency-flat channels, which relies on perantenna
constant
envelope
(CE)
transmission
to
enable
efficient
implementation using non-linear RF
components. Moreover, the CE pre-coder of
forces the peak-to-average (power) ratio
(PAR) to unity, which is not necessarily
optimal as in practice there is always a
trade-off
between
PAR,
error-rate
performance,
and
power
amplifier
efficiency. Practical wireless channels
typically exhibit frequency selective fading
and a low-PAR pre-coding solution suitable
for such channels would be desirable.
Preferably, the solution should be such that
the complexity required in each (mobile)
terminal is small (due to stringent area and
power constraints), whereas heavier
processing could be afforded at the BS.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
(OFDM) is an efficient and well-established
way of dealing with frequency selective
channels. In addition to simplifying the
equalization at the receiver, OFDM also

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facilitates per-tone power and bit allocation,

scheduling in the frequency domain, and
spectrum shaping. However, OFDM is
known to suffer from a high PAR, which
necessitates the use of linear RF components
(e.g., power amplifiers) to avoid out-of-band
radiation
and
signal
distortions.
Unfortunately, linear RF components are, in
general, more costly and less power efficient
than their non-linear counterparts, which
would eventually result in exorbitant costs
for large-scale BS implementations having
hundreds of antennas.
Therefore, it is of paramount
importance to reduce the PAR of OFDMbased large-scale MU-MIMO systems to
facilitate corresponding low-cost and lowpower BS implementations. To combat the
challenging linearity requirements of
OFDM, a plethora of PAR-reduction
schemes have been proposed for point-topoint single-antenna and MIMO wireless
systems, e.g. For MU-MIMO systems,
however, a straightforward adaptation of
these schemes is non-trivial, mainly because
MU systems require the removal of MUI
using a pre-coder.
PAR-reduction schemes suitable for
the MU-MISO and MU-MIMO downlink
were described in and, respectively, and rely
on Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding. Both
schemes, however, require specialized signal
processing in the (mobile) terminals (e.g.,
modulo reduction), which prevents their use
in conventional MIMO-OFDM systems,
such as IEEE 802.11n or 3GPP LTE.

Fig 1.a Trasmitting Section of large scale Multi user MIMO

OFDM

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IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

Fig 2. Receiving section of fig 1

III.aSingular Value Decomposition:

ISSN: 0976-7578 (Online)

However,
the
eigen
value
decomposition and the singular value
decomposition differ for all other
matrices M: the eigen value decomposition
is
where U is
not
necessarily unitary and D is not necessarily
positive semi-definite, while the SVD
is
where is a diagonal
positive semi-definite, and U and V are
unitary matrices that are not necessarily
related except through the matrix M.

The singular value decomposition

is very general in the sense that it can be
applied to any mxn matrix whereas eigen
value decomposition can only be applied to
certain classes of square matrices.
Nevertheless, the two decompositions are
related. Given an SVD of M, as described
above, the following two relations hold

The right-hand sides of these relations

describe the eigen value decompositions of
the left-hand sides. Consequently: The
columns
of V (right-singular
vectors)
are eigenvectors of
.The columns
of U (left-singular vectors) are eigenvectors
of
.The non-zero elements
of (non-zero singular values) are the
square roots of the non-zero eigen
values of
or
.

Algorithm-I Fast Iterative Truncanation algorith1.intilize

In the special case that M is a normal

matrix, which by definition must be square,
the spectral theorem says that it can
be unitarily diagonalized using
a
basis
of eigenvectors, so that it can be
written
for a unitary
matrix U and
a
diagonal
matrix D.
When M is also positive semi-definite, the
decomposition
is also
singular value decomposition.

IV. Outputs:

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xo 0 1, 1 , 1 1, LSVD(H)
In the above Algorithm 1 the first step which
is used to minimize Lipstichz constant is
replaced by the above equation which uses
singular value decomposition and it is the
modified version of FITRA algorithm
termed as Modified FITRA.

Fig IV.1 PAR of LS, LS clip, MF,PMP

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IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

ISSN: 0976-7578 (Online)

V. Conclusion:

Fig IV.2 OFDM tone Index vs Spectrum

In this paper, we analyzed the PAPR

of MUI MIMO OFDM with different precoding Techniques like DHT-Pre-coded
OFDM system for M-QAM (where M=16,
32, 64, 256). Matlab simulation shows that
SVD-& FITRA Pre-coded OFDM System
shows better PAPR gain as compared to
other OFDM-Original systems, Thus, it is
concluded that SVD Pre-coder Based
OFDM System shows better PAPR
reduction then other Pre-coder Based
OFDM Systems with MU MIMO

VI. References:
Fig IV.3 PAR vs CCDF

[1]. PAR aware large scale Multi user mimo

Ofdm systems downlink IEEE 2013
[2] C. Studer and E. G. Larsson, PARaware multi-user pre-coder for the largescale MIMO-OFDM downlink, in Proc. of
the 9th International Symposium on
Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS),
Paris, France, August 2012.

Fig IV.4 SNR vs Average SER

Similarly the outputs using SVD are

Fig IV.5 PAR of LS, LS clip, MF, PMP

[3] F. Rusek, D. PerssonS, B. K. Lau, E.

G. Larsson, O. Edfors, F. Tufvesson, and T.
L. Marzetta, Scaling up MIMO:
opportunities and challenges with very large
arrays, arXiv:1201.3210v1, Jan. 2012.
[4] T. L. Marzetta, Non-cooperative
cellular wireless with unlimited numbers of
base station antennas, IEEE Trans.
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[5]How much training is required for multiuser MIMO? in Proc. 40th Asilomar Conf.
on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific
Grove, CA, USA, Oct. 2006, pp. 359363.

Fig IV.6 PAR of LS, LS clip, MF, PMP with SVD

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IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

[6] J. Hoydis, S. ten Brink, and M. Debbah,

Massive MIMO: How many antennas do
we need? in Proc. IEEE 49th Ann. Allerton
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[8] S. K. Mohammed and E. G. Larsson,

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