ElephantowersGeomapstestII

Time:50minutes
Makesuretoprintthetest,assomeproblemsrequiremeasurement,andtohavesparepaperonhandto
writelongeranswers,anddrawprofilesandcrosssections.
Unlessotherwisestated,alldistancesandcontourintervalsareinfeet,northisuponallmaps,and
answersshouldbereportedtothenearestwholenumber.Pointsareassignedtoquestionsasfollows:
Easy:1point(28questions)
Medium:2points(21questions)
Hard:3points(21questions)
Challenge:6points(1question)
11moretimeconsumingconstructionandapplicationproblems(underlined)areworthoneextrapointeach.
___________________________________________________________________________________
150pointstotal

Goodluck!
TopographicandGeologicMaps:
Q1.Whatisthescaleandcontourintervalofthemapexcerptedbelow?

Q2.WhatistheelevationofObservationPoint(tothenearestcontourinterval)inthemapbelow?


Q3:IfonewalkedinastraightlinefromthewestendofLincolnSchooltotheendoftheBreweryGulchroad,
whatisthehighestpointtheywouldreach(tothenearestcontourinterval)?
Q4:InwhatordinaldirectionofthespringintheNWcornerofthemapflowing(tothenearest45)?

Q5:Assuminga1:2000scaleandlineardipbetweencontourlines(infeet),whatisthesteepestdipangle
betweencontourlinesalongthelineBDinthemapabove?
Q6:DrawatopographicprofilefromAtoB.
Q7:WhatdoesQafstandforonageologicmap?Howisitformed?

Q8:Whatgeologicstructureisrepresentedbythismapsymbol,andhowisitformed?

Q9:WouldatrilobitefossilbemorelikelyfoundinageologicmaplayerlabeledasPzCAorMzIC?Why?
Q10:Whichwaywillthewaterinariverflowiftheriverbeddescendsatexactlythesameangleasthegeoid
alongtheriverdoes?Howdoesthisaffectmapdatums?
Tectonics,rockformation,Earthstructureandhistory:
Q1:TrueorFalse:Sedimentaryrocksareformedoutofsediment.
Q2:Whichishotter,themantleorthecore?
Q3:Inwhatgeologiceraarewecurrentlyliving?
Q4:Whattypeofplateboundaryformsdeepseatrenches?
Q5:WhatistheMohorovicicdiscontinuity?
Q6:Intheimagebelow,sedimentdepositedin4differentenvironmentshasturnedinto4differenttypesof
sedimentaryrock(thesecondimage).Giveeachtypeofrock,fromlefttoright.

Q7:ForwhatperiodisMeganeuraanindexfossil?
Q8:Whatarethethreewaysthatmagmaisproduced?
Q9:WhatistheBenioffWadatizoneandwhatpropertydoesithavethatmakesitimportantfortectonic
mapping?
Q10:WhatcreatestheEarthsmagneticfield?Whydoesthemagneticfieldwobble?

Folds,faults,erosion,intrusionsignatures,subsurfacegeometries,deformationsequences,and
subsurfacedepositionalfeatures
Q1:Whentopsoiliseroded,(older/younger)rocklayersareusuallyexposed.
Q2:Rockinthecenterofananticlineis(older/younger)thanrockontheoutside?
Q3:Normalfaultstypically(create/destroy)lithosphere.
Q4:Orderthelayersintheimagebelowfromoldesttoyoungest.


Q5:Whatisanigneousintrusion?
Q6:Whatarethreewayserosioncanoccur?
Q7:DrawacrosssectionfromAtoAfromthemapbelow.

Q8:Whatisthedifferencebetweenfoliationandlineation?
Q9:Whatisthedifferencebetweenanaxialsurface,axialplane,axialtrace,hingeline,trougholineand
crestline?
Q10:A(dome/basin/antiform/synform/monocline/homocline)hasatoscale,perpendiculartohingeline
crosssectionmostsimilartoasynclinorium?Why?
Q11:Themapbelowdepictsanoutcropofquartzite.Isthereafoldintheimage?Howdoyouknow?Ifso,
identifyit(antiformal/synformalanticline/syncline),givetheordinalplungedirection,anddescribethepathof
theaxialtraceandhingeline.Assumetheridgeissymmetrical.


Q12:Aftermillionsofyears,whattypeofrock(sedimentary,igneous,metamorphic)wouldatalusmostlikely
form?
Q13:Howdoessolutionfoldingwork?WhatRamsayclassfoldscanitproduce?
Q14:Inflexuralfoldingoflayersofdifferingcompetence,themorecompetentlayerformsaclass1Bfold.
Whatclassfoldisthelesscompetentlayermostlikelytobe?
Q15:Normalantilistricfaultingproduces(antithetic/synthetic)(normal/reverse/strikeslip)secondaryfaulting.
Explainwhyanddrawadiagram.

Q16:YouarestandingonahorizontalsurfacelookingNWwhenyounoticeanerodedfoldplungingN40E,
withthedistancebetweencontactsbroadeninginwidthtoyourleft.Isthefoldanantiformorsynform,
andistheintradoorextradoexposed?Howdoyouknow?
Q17:Drawstrainellipsesforafoldcreatedbyorthogonalflexure.
Q18:AsIrunmyhandalongaautochthonousfaultplane,InoticethatitfeelsrougherwhenIrunmyhand
uptheplanethanwhenImoveitdown.Whattypeoffaultisthis?Howdoyouknow?
Q19:WhatisthetypicaldirectionisthevergenceofaZfold,relativetothefoliationoftherock?Givethe
answertothenearestcompassquadrant,withthebearingofthefoliationrepresenting0degrees).
Q20:Thedrawingbelowshowsacrosssectionofanamygdulewithbluemineraldeposits,foundinadike
embeddedinbrittle,erosionresistantrock(East/Westisright/left).Geologistsknowthattheareahas
undergonelistricfaulting(withtheallochthonontheeasternsideoftheautochthon).Primaryfaultingis
(normal/reverse/strikeslip),andsecondaryfaultingis(antithetic/synthetic)and(normal/reverse/strikeslip).
Howdoyouknow?

Q21(challenge,6pts):ArailwayonlevelgroundrunsEastWestoveraneroded6layeruprightconcentric
antiformwithaplungeof0,abluntnessof1,andanaxialplanewithanattitudeof0.An500ftlong
exploratoryboreholefromthehingelinetoinflectionlinepassedthrough5equallythicklayers.Therailroad

companyhasbeengrantedrightsoveran800ftstripoflandcenteredontherailway,whichisluckyfor
them,becauseitturnsoutthatthelayeroftheantiformvisibleonthesurfacecontainsahighlyvaluable
ore.Howmanycubicfeetoforeliedirectlyunderthecompanysland?
(areaofacircularsegment:.5r^2(asin(a)),whereristheradiusofthecircleandaistheradianangleofthe
ofthearcdescribedbythecircularsegment)k

StructureID:
Writethenamesofthefollowingstructures.
Q1:

Q2:

Q3:

Q4:

Q8:

Q9:Theimageshows4erodedigneousintrusions.Identifyeach,intheorderB,D,F,H,K


Q10:

Applications
Geohazards:
Q1:AgroupoffanaticwouldbehomeownersdescendedonGeohazardsDesert(1:2000mapbelow),
determinedtobuildahouseateachofthelabeledpoints.Theonlypeoplehappierabouttheproposed
locationsthanthemselvesaretheirchildren,whoseetheschemeasagreatwaytocollectanearly
inheritance.However,notalllocationsareequallyrisky.Whichpairofhousesarethemostandleastlikelyto
flood,andwhichpairarethemostandleastlikelytobeburiedinalandslide?


Q2:20yearsandseveralfloodedhomeslater,thesurvivorsdecidetodamalltheintermittentstreamsinthe
area(farupstreamfromtheirhomes,ofcourse),permanentlydryingupallexistingstreams.Unfortunately,
thiscausessmall,sporadicflowsofwaterfromapreviouslydryspring(markedbythereddot).Assuming
thattheonlywaterdangerisfromthespring,which2housesarethemostlikelytoflood?
Q3:Whatisthixotropicclay,andwhatgeohazarddoesitcause?
Trueandapparentdip:
Q4.Whatisthetruedipofaverticalbed?
Q5:Whatisthedipanddipdirectionofthisbedinthestructurecontourbelow(1:2000scale)?


Q6:Whatistheangleofobliquityoftheblacklineintheimageabove?
Q7:TheGhastlyGorgeGroupLLCwantstomaketheirgorgeslightlylessghastly,byprovidingwheelchair
accesstothebottom(theskeletonsofdeadtouristsatthebottomarestartingtohurtbusiness)througha
rampfromthenewlyrenovatedvisitorcenter.However,theyonlybotheredtobuyenoughwoodtobuilda
350ftramp.Thecliffsofthegorgeare230fthigh(measuredvertically),anddip80.Howsteepwillthe
rampbe(indegreesfromhorizontal)?
Q8:Findthetruedip:imagenottoscale

Stereonets(source):
Q9:Givethestrikeanddipineachoftheimagesbelowtowithin20degrees.

Q10:Plotaplanewithastrikeof40anddipof60andalineationwitharakeof40degreesfromtheNE.
Whatisthetrendandplungeoftheline?
Q11:Plotaplanewithastrikeof240anddipof40.Intheplane,thereisalinewithatrendof350.Whatis
theplungeoftheline?Whatistherakeoftheline?
Q12:Inyournotes,youwrotedownthataplanehadastrikeof110andlineationsinitwithatrendof180
andplungeof40.Yourforgottotakeadipmeasurement.Butyoucancalculateit.Whatisthedipofthe
bed?
Bedmeasurements:
Q13:Awelldrilledcompletelythroughonehorizontalbedis100ftdeep.Howthickisthebed?
Q14:Theimagebelowshowsabed(ingray)outcroppinginavalley.Whatisthetruethicknessofthebed?
Howdoyouknow?

Q15:Givethedipazimuthforthegraybedshownoutcroppingbelow.

Q16:WhatisthetruethicknessofunitC?

Q17:Whatisthetruethicknessoftheoutcroppingbedbelowifh=5,v=3,andthebiddips20?


Q18:BetweenApplevilleandBerrytownliesalargemountainformedfromanerodedsymmetricalupright
antiformwithabluntnessof0andaninterlimbangleof30.A800ftboreholefromthecrestlinetothe
troughlineoftheanticlinepassesthroughequalthicknessesofchalk,limestone,sandstone,andmudstone.
AsthecitizensofApplevillearebecomingthoroughlysickofapples,thedecisionismadetobuildatunnel
throughthemountain,bothtofacilitatetradebetweenthetwotownsandtosecuremorefederal
infrastructurefunds.Ifthetunnelonlygoesthroughchalk(thesoftestoftherocks),whatisthemaximum
possibletunneldistance?

Q19:Calculatetheheave,throw,andminimumnetslipmagnitudeofthethrustfault.

Q20:
TheperfectlyflatCoalCountyhasaproblema2000ftwidestripofcoalrunningdownthemiddleofit,
decreasinghousevaluesandinterferingwithpeopleslives.Infact,justlastweek,BasementBobstruckthe

coalseam20ftbelowthesurfacewhenhetriedtobuildabasement600ftawayfromthetowncenter
(exactlyontheeastedgeofthecoaloutcrop)alongabearingofN65W.

Luckilyforthesufferinginhabitants,theCaringCoalCorporationhasboughtthemout,tominethecoal
seam.Theminingcompanywantstobuildpassagesfromtheirheadquarters(onthewestedgeofthe
coaloutcrop)throughthecoalbedwithaslopeofatleast3toensureproperdrainage,andthe
passagefloorneedstointersectthecoalbedforatleast1800feettobeworththecostofexcavating
them.Assumingthecoalbedisahomocline,whatistherangeofpossibleazimuthsforthedip
directionsofthepassages?