Chapter 14

Lab Values

Histology and Embryology Lab, ca. 1905.

Courtesy of the Blocker History of Medicine Collection, Moody Medical Library, UTMB,
Galveston

Whats Inside:
CBC and Basic Metabolic Panel
Hepatic and Lipid Tests
Cardiac Enzymes and Chemistries
Serum Drug,Toxicology, and Urine Tests
Hematology and Coagulation
Serology and Immunology
Arterial Blood Gases
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis

Lab Values

119

Complete Blood Count:

(CBC w/Differential):
White Blood Cells (WBC)

4.50 - 10.5/ul

4,500
10,500/mm3

Auto Differential

Percent

Number

Granulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

45.0 - 78.0
20.0 - 51.0
1.5 - 9.0

2.1 - 7.4
1.3 - 4.4
0.1 - 0.7

Eosinophils
Basophils

0.3 - 5.5
0.1 - 1.5

0.04 - 0.4
0.02 - 0.1

Bands
Red Blood Cells (RBC)

0.0 5.0
M: 4.25 - 5.65x106/mm3
F:
3.90 - 4.95
M: 13.5 - 17.0 g/dl
F:
11.5 - 15.0
M: 40.0 - 54.0%
F: 37.0 47.0
82.0 - 97.0 fl

Hemoglobin (HGB)
Hematocrit (HCT)
Mean Corpuscular
Volume (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular
Hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean Corpuscular
Hemoglobin Conc.
(MCHC)
Red blood cell
Distribution Width (RDW)
Platelets (PLT)

27.0 - 33.0 pg
32.0 - 36.0 %

11.8 - 14.1
175 - 450x103/ul

Basic Metabolic Tests:

Sodium
Potassium

135-145 mmol/L
3.5-5.0 mmol/L

NA
K

Chloride
CO2

98-108 mmol/L
23-31 mmol/L

CL
TCO2

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Creatinine
Glucose

Lab Values

7-23 mg/dL
M: 0.7-1.7 mg/Dl
F: 0.4-1.4 mg/dL
70-110 mg/dL

BUN
CREAT
GLU

120

Hepatic Tests:
Albumin
Alkaline
Phosphatase
ALT (SGPT)

3.2-5.2 g/dL
M: 34-222 U/L
F: 34-122 U/L
9-51 U/L

ALB
ALK PHOS

AST (SGOT)

13-40 U/L

AST

Bilirubin Total
GGT

0.1-1.1 mg/dL
M: 13-58 U/L
F: 13-40 U/L

BILI T
GGT

Cholesterol, Total
HDL Cholesterol

120-200 mg/dL
M: 29-67 mg/dL
F: 35-86 mg/dL

CHOL
HDL

Triglycerides

30-170 mg/dL

TRIG

ALT

Lipid Tests:

Chemistry Tests:
Amylase
Beta HCG, serum

35-110 U/L
Neg = <5 IU/L

AMY
BETA HCG

CA-125
Calcium

< 21 U/ml
8.6-10.6 mg/dL

CA-125
CA

Ca corrected = (Normal Alb - Pt Albumin) x 0.8 + [Patient Ca]

CEA

0-10 ng/ml

CEA

CK
Cortisol

33-194 U/L
7-18 mcg/dl
2-9 mcg/dl
M: 0-10 mm/hour
F: 0-20 mm/hour

CK
CORT AM
CORT PM
ESRWEST

Ferritin

M: 24-336 ng/mL
F: 11-307 ng/mL

FERRITIN

Folate, serum
Folate, RBC
FSH

1.6-12 ng/ml
280-791 ng/ml
M: 1-12 mIU/ml
F: 3-20 mIU/ml (follicular),
1-12 mIU/ml (luteal),
18-153 mIU/ml
(postmenopausal)
50-160 mcg/dl

RBC-FOLATE
RBC-FOLATE
FSH

ESR

Iron

Lab Values

IRON

121

Iron Binding Capacity,

Total

250-410 mcg/dL

TIBC

LDH
Magnesium

300-600 U/L
1.7-2.4 mg/dL

LDH
MG

Phosphorus

2.5-5.0 mg/dL

PHOS

Prolactin

M: 3.6-14.8 ng/ml
F: 1.8-14.4 ng/ml
<4.0 ng/ml

PROLACTIN

Prostate Specific
Antigen
Protein, total
Protein Electrophoresis

Testosterone
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Uric Acid
Vitamin B12

6.0-8.0 g/dL
Total Protein 6.0-8.0 g/dL
Albumin 3.0-4.8 g/dL
Alpha 1 0.2-0.4 g/dL
Alpha 2 0.6-1.2
g/dL Beta 0.7-1.4
g/dL Gamma 1.0-1.8
g/dL
M: 280-880 ng/dl
F: 10-57 ng/dl
0.43-6.9 mIU/ml
M: 3.6-8.0 mg/dL
F: 2.9-6.0 mg/dL
180-914 pg/ml

PSA
T.PRO
SPE

TESTOS

TSH
URIC ACID
VITB12

Cardiac Enzymes:
CK(CPK), serum
CPK-MB, serum

33-194 IU/L
<5 ng/Ml

Index:
Troponin I

<2.5
< 0.8 ng/mL
Negative: repeat testing in 3 - 5 hours if clinically
indicated
0.8 - 3.2 ng/mL
May indicate minor myocardial injury and serial
measurement recommended to confirm or exclude
the diagnosis of ACS =
> 3.2 ng/mL
Consistent with myocardial injury. Serial sampling
and testing are required for diagnosis of AMI.

BNP

Lab Values

<100 pg/mL

122

Serum Drug Levels:

Peak
Trough

optimal timing = 1 hr after start of 30-60 min infusion

optimal timing = Just prior to next dose

Range

therapeutic

Amikacin peak

28-35 mcg/ml

AMIK P

Amikacin trough

<5 mcg/ml

AMIK T

Carbamezapine
Digoxin
Ethosuximide
Gentamicin peak

8-12 mcg/ml
0.8-1.6 ng/ml
40-100 mcg/ml
5-10 mcg/ml

CARBAMAZE
DIG

Gentamicin trough
Lidocaine

<2 mcg/ml
1.5-5.0 mcg/ml

Lithium

0.6-1.2 mEq/L

GENT T
LIDOCAINE
LITHIUM

Phenytoin
Phenobarbital

10-20 mcg/ml
15-40 mcg/ml

PHENYTOIN
PHENOBARBITAL

Procainamide
Tobramycin peak
Tobramycin trough

4-8 mcg/ml
5-10 mcg/ml
0.5-2.0 mcg/ml

PROCAINA
TOBRA P
TOBRA T

Valproic Acid
Vancomycin

50-100 mcg/ml
5-10 mcg/ml

VALPROIC A
VANCO T

GENT P

Toxicology:
Acetaminophen,
toxic

At 4 h post-ingestion,

> 200 mcg/ml

ACETAMIN

At 12 h post-ingestion,

> 50 mcg/ml

Ethanol
(non-alcoholic
patient)

intoxicated, ataxic, slurred speech

> 100 mg/dl

ETHANOL

lethargic, stuporous, vomiting

> 200 mg/dl

coma

> 300 mg/dl

respiratory depression, death

> 400 mg/dl

Ethylene glycol,
toxic
Lead
Salicylate, toxic

Lab Values

> 20 mg/dl

ETHYL GLY

Normal < 10 mcg/dl|

Toxicity > 60 mcg/dl

LEAD BLD

>300 mcg/ml

SALICYLATE

123

Urine Chemistry Tests:

Pregnancy Tests,
urine
Urinalysis w/
Microscopic
pH

Neg, <25 IU/L

5-8

Protein
Glucose
Ketones

Neg
Neg
Neg

Bilirubin
Blood

Neg
Neg

Nitrite

Neg

Bacteria

Neg

Urobilinogen
Specific Gravity

0-0.2 EU/dL
1.003-1.030

RBC
WBC

0-3/ HPF
0-5/HPF

Hyaline Casts

0-2/LPF

PREG URINE
UA

Hematology & Coagulation:

APTT
Hemoglobin

25-34 secs
M: 13.5-17.0
F: 11.5-15.0

APTT
Hgb

Hematocrit

M: 40-54
F: 37-47
<5 mcg/ml

HCT

Fibrin Degradation
Products
Fibrinogen
Hemoglobin A1C
Hemoglobin
Electrophoresis
INR (International
Normalized Ratio)
PT
Reticulocyte Count
Sedimentation Rate
Sickle Cell Screen

Lab Values

FDP

148-370mg/dL

FIBRINOGEN

4 %-6 %
Hgb A2 1.3-3.3%
Hgb F <1.5%
Minimum value for
effective anticoagulation
2.0
11-13 secs

HGBA1C
HGBELECT

0.5-2.0 %
M: 0-9
F: 0-20
Neg

INR

PT
RETICA
ESR WEST
SICKLE

124

Blood Bank:
ABO
Rh
Antibody Screen

A, B, O, AB
Pos or Neg
Neg
w/ Antibody identification if
positive

ABO
RH
IAT

Direct Antiglobulin
(Coombs) Test

Neg

DAT

Serology and Immunology:

Anti-Nuclear Antibody

<1:40 = Neg

ANA

Hepatitis A Virus IgM

Hepatitis B Surface
Antigen
Hepatitis B Core IgM

Neg
Neg

HAVM
HBS

Neg

HBCM

Hepatitis C Virus
Antibody

Neg

HCV

HIV Antibody

Neg
W/ confirmation if positive
Prior infection, >10 IU/ml
Non-Reactive
W/ confirmation if positive

HIV12

Rubella
Syphilis Screen

RUBG
RPR

Arterial Blood Gases:

pH
PaCO2
PaO2
HCO3
O2 sat Art

7.357.45
3545 mmHg
80100 mmHg
22-28 mEq/l
9598%

O2 sat Ven

6085%

Cerebrospinal Fluid:
Protein
Glucose
Pressure

10-45 mg/dl
40-80 mg/dl
60-180 mmH2O

Leukocytes, Total
Leukocytes, Differential

<5/mm3
Neutrophils 1-3%
Lymphocytes 60-75%
Monocytes 25-50%

Lab Values

125

Lab Values

126