Red Telephone Box

Red telephone box - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
12/14/14 6:45 PM
Red telephone box

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The red telephone box, a telephone kiosk for a public

telephone designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, was a familiar
sight on the streets of the United Kingdom, Malta, Bermuda
and Gibraltar. Despite a reduction in their numbers in recent
years, the traditional British red telephone box can still be seen
in many places throughout the UK, and in current or former
British colonies around the world. The colour red was chosen
to make them easy to spot.
From 1926 onwards, the fascias of the kiosks were emblazoned
with a prominent crown, representing the British government.
The red phone box is often seen as a British cultural icon
throughout the world.[1]
The paint colour used is known as "currant red" and is defined
by a British Standard, BS 381C-539.[2]
Contents
1 Design history
1.1 K1
1.2 K2
An example of the most common red

telephone box model (K6), photographed in
London in 2012
1.3 K3
1.4 K4
1.5 K5
1.6 K6
1.7 Kiosk installation: the early years
1.8 Numbers installed
1.9 Fabrication
1.10 Crown
1.11 Modernisation K7 & K8
1.12 Privatisation and the KX series
2 Adoption
2.1 Libraries
2.2 Art gallery
2.3 Other
3 Usage elsewhere
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_telephone_box
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3.1 Kingston upon Hull

3.2 Crown dependencies
3.2.1 Guernsey
3.2.2 Jersey
3.2.3 Isle of Man
3.3 Portugal
4 Use in contemporary art
4.1 Out of Order
4.2 BT Artboxes
5 Replica telephone boxes
6 Galleries
7 See also
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links
Design history
K1
The first standard public telephone kiosk introduced by the United
Kingdom Post Office was produced in concrete in 1920 and was
designated K1 (Kiosk No.1). This design was not of the same family as
the familiar red telephone boxes. Very few high-quality examples
remain. One example is located in Trinity Market in Kingston-uponHull where it is still in use.
K2
The red telephone box was the result of a competition in 1924 to design
a kiosk that would be acceptable to the London Metropolitan Boroughs
which had hitherto resisted the Post Office's effort to erect K1 kiosks on
their streets.
The Royal Fine Art Commission was instrumental in the choice of the
British standard kiosk. Because of widespread dissatisfaction with the
K1 telephone kiosk in Tintinhull,
GPO's design, the Metropolitan Boroughs Joint Standing Committee
Somerset
organised a competition for a superior one in 1923, but the results were
disappointing. The Birmingham Civic Society then produced a design of
its ownin reinforced concretebut it was informed by the Director of Telephones that the design
produced by the Office of the Engineer-in-Chief was preferred; as the Architects Journal commented, 'no
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one with any knowledge of design could feel anything but

indignation with the pattern that seems to satisfy the official
mind.' The Birmingham Civic Society did not give up and, with
additional pressure from the Royal Institute of British Architects,
the Town Planning Institute and the Royal Academy, the
Postmaster General was forced to think again; and the result was
that the RFAC organised a limited competition.
The organisers invited entries from three respected architects and,
along with the designs from the Post Office and from The
Birmingham Civic Society, the Fine Arts Commission judged the
competition and selected the design submitted by Sir Giles Gilbert
K2 red telephone boxes on Broad Court,

Covent Garden, London
Scott.[3] The invitation had come at the time when Scott had been made a trustee of Sir John Soane's
Museumhis design for the competition was in the classical style, but topped with a dome reminiscent of
Soane's self-designed mausoleums in St Pancras' Old Churchyard and Dulwich Picture Gallery, London.
(The original wooden prototypes of the entries were later put into public service at under-cover sites around
London. That of Scott's design is the only one known to survive and is still where it was placed all those
years ago, in the left entrance arch to the Royal Academy.)
The Post Office chose to make Scott's winning design in cast iron (Scott had suggested mild steel) and to
paint it red (Scott had suggested silver, with a "greeny-blue" interior) and, with other minor changes of
detail, it was brought into service as the Kiosk No.2 or K2. From 1926 K2 was deployed in and around
London and the K1 continued to be erected elsewhere.
K3
K3, introduced in 1929, again by Gilbert Scott was similar to K2 but was constructed from concrete and
intended for nationwide use. Cheaper than the K2, it was still significantly more costly than the K1 and so
that remained the choice for low-revenue sites. The standard colour scheme for both the K1 and the K3 was
cream, with red glazing bars. A rare surviving K3 kiosk can be seen beside the Penguin Beach exhibit at
ZSL London Zoo, where it has been protected from the weather by the projecting eaves and recently restored
to its original colour scheme,
K4
K4 (designed by the Post Office Engineering Department in 1927) incorporated a post box and machines for
buying postage stamps on the exterior. Only 50 kiosks of this design were built.
K5
K5 was a plywood construction introduced in 1934 and designed to be assembled and dismantled and used at
exhibitions.
K6
In 1935 the K6 (kiosk number six) was designed to commemorate the silver jubilee of King George V. It
went into production in 1936.[4] K6 was the first red telephone kiosk to be extensively used outside London,
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and many thousands were deployed in virtually every town and

city, replacing most of the existing kiosks and establishing
thousands of new sites. It has become a British icon, although it
was not universally loved at the start. The red colour caused
particular local difficulties and there were many requests for less
visible colours. The red that is now much loved was then anything
but, and the Post Office was forced into allowing a less strident
grey with red glazing bars scheme for areas of natural and
architectural beauty. Ironically, some of these areas that have
preserved their telephone boxes have now painted them red.
K6, illuminated at night
Kiosk installation: the early years

With continued demand for K6 kiosks, siting them was more widespread than ever before. A purpose built
kiosk trailer was designed from 1953 to reduce the running costs of cranes.[5]
Numbers installed
The K6 was the most prolific kiosk in the UK and its growth, from 1935, can be seen from the BT archives:
Period
Number
Notes
1925
1,000
(K1 Only)
1930
8,000
(K2 & K3 added)
1935
19,000
(K6 introduced)
1940
35,000
1950
44,000
1960
64,000
1970
70,000
1980
73,000
(K8 introduced in 1968)
Fabrication
Phoneboxes K2 to K6 were produced at the Lion Foundry in Kirkintilloch until 1984. The K6 was also
produced at the Carron Ironworks near Falkirk in the 1960s.
Crown
From 1926 onwards, the fascias of Post Office kiosks were emblazoned with a prominent crown,
representing the British government (of which the Post Office was an agency). The design was initially the
"Tudor Crown", then in widespread use in government service. The same crown was used in all parts of the
United Kingdom and British Empire. On the K2, the design was pierced through the ironwork, and acted as a
ventilation hole. On the K6, a separate ventilation slot was provided, and the crown was embossed in basrelief.
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In 1953 the new Queen, Elizabeth II, decided to replace the Tudor
Crown in all contexts with a representation of the actual crown
generally used for British coronations, the St Edward's Crown. This
new symbol therefore began to appear on the fascias of K6 kiosks.
St Edward's Crown was initially used on kiosks in all parts of the
United Kingdom. However, from 1955, in Scotland, the Post Office
opted to use a representation of the actual Crown of Scotland, in line
with a wider policy for government agencies in Scotland. To
accommodate the two different designs of crown on K6 kiosks, the
fascia sections were henceforth cast with a slot in them, into which a
plate bearing the appropriate crown was inserted before the roof
section was fitted.
K6s, Charing Cross Road, London,

showing different styles of crown: the
Tudor Crown, in use 19361953
(left); and St Edward's Crown on
separate plate, 1955 or later (right).
The crowns were originally painted the same red as the rest of the
box. However, since the early 1990s, when the heritage value of red
kiosks began to be widely recognised, British Telecom has picked out the crowns (on both K2s and K6s) in
gold paint.
Kiosks installed in Kingston upon Hull were not fitted with a crown, as those kiosks were installed by the
Hull Corporation (later Hull City Council, then Kingston Communications). All boxes in Hull were also
painted in cream.
Modernisation K7 & K8
In 1959 architect Neville Conder was commissioned to design a new box. The K7 design went no further
than the prototype stage. K8 was introduced in 1968 designed by Bruce Martin. It was used primarily for
new sites; around 11000 were installed, replacing earlier models only when they needed relocating or had
been damaged beyond repair. The K8 retained a red colour scheme, but it was a different shade of red: a
slightly brighter 'Poppy Red', which went on to be the standard colour across all kiosks.
The K8 featured a single large glass panel on two sides and the door. While improving visibility and
illumination inside the box, these were vulnerable to damage. Only 12 remainmost having been replaced
with the KX100making the K8 as rare as the K3.
Privatisation and the KX series

In 1980, in preparation for privatisation, Post Office Telephones was rebranded as British Telecom (BT). In
February 1981, it was announced that all the red telephone boxes would be repainted yellow, which was
BT's new corporate colour. There was an immediate public outcry; the Daily Mail launched a campaign
"against the yellow peril"[6] and questions were asked in Parliament. In the House of Lords, the Earl of
Gowrie, the Minister of State for Employment, called on BT "to abandon this ridiculous scheme".[7] In the
House of Commons, Mark Lennox-Boyd MP asked the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, if she would
treat the decision "with the greatest possible dismay". Mrs Thatcher, who was responsible for the
privatisation, would only say that she could "see my honourable Friend's point".[8] Shortly afterwards, BT
announced that only 90 of the 77,000 remaining traditional boxes had been painted different colours "as an
experiment" and that no final decision had been reached.[6]
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After privatisation in 1982, British Telecom introduced the KX100, a more utilitarian design, which began to
replace most of the existing boxes. The KX100 was one of a series of designs, including the wheelchairaccessible open-sided KX200, and the triangular-footprint KX300.[9] In January 1985, Nick Kane, the
Director of Marketing for BT Local Communications Services announced that the old red telephone boxes
would be replaced because they "...no longer meet the needs of our customers. Few people like to use them.
They are expensive and difficult to clean and maintain and cannot be used by handicapped people".[10] This
time, BT did not relent, despite another vociferous campaign. Many local authorities used legislation
designed to protect buildings of architectural or historic importance to keep old telephone boxes in
prominent locations and around 2,000 of them were given listed status. Several thousand others were left on
low-revenue mostly rural sites but many thousands of recovered K2 and K6 boxes were sold off. Some
kiosks have been converted to be used as shower cubicles in private homes. In Kingston upon Thames a
number of old K6 boxes have been used to form a work of art resembling a row of fallen dominoes.[11] It is
estimated that 11,000 traditional red telephone boxes remain in public service.[12] The KX100 PLUS,
introduced in 1996 featured a domed roof reminiscent of the familiar K2 and K6. Subsequent designs have
departed significantly from the old style red boxes.
Adoption
Little-used red telephone boxes can be adopted[13] by parish councils in England for other uses. Some
examples are shown below. The kiosk may be used for any legal purpose other than telephony and the
contract of sale[14] includes the following clause 5.5.4:
The buyer shall covenant not to sell, lease or license the Goods to a competitor to the Seller nor
to permit a competitor to install electronic communications apparatus (as defined in schedule 2
of the Telecommunications Act 1984) within the Goods or itself (as the Buyer) shall not install,
provide or operate any form of electronic communications apparatus (as defined in schedule 2
of the Telecommunications Act 1984) within the Goods.
It is unclear why BT wishes to prohibit the kiosk from being re-used for electronic communications and why
the regulator, Ofcom, has allowed it. In the USA, there is an active movement seeking new telecom uses for
little-used telephone booths, e.g. as wi-fi hotspots.[15]
Libraries
During 2009 a K6 in the village of Westbury-sub-Mendip in Somerset was converted into a library or book
exchange replacing the services of the mobile library which no longer visits the village.[16][17][18] Similar
libraries now exist in the villages of North Cadbury in Somerset, Great Budworth in Cheshire,[19] Little
Shelford and Upwood in Cambridgeshire,[20] and some 150 other locations.[21]
Art gallery
Also in 2009, the town of Settle in North Yorkshire established the Gallery on the Green
(http://www.galleryonthegreen.org.uk) in a K6, which had been adopted by the Parish Council. The Gallery
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has featured a range of exhibitions (see the online gallery on the website
(http://www.galleryonthegreen.org.uk/gallery/)) of both notable artists and photographers (Tessa Bunney,
Martin Parr, Mariana Cook) and local community groups. Its most famous contributor was Brian May, with
his stereoscopic photography show 'A Village Lost and Found'.
Other
In 2010, in the village of Brookwood, Surrey, a project was initiated to restore and preserve the sole
remaining K6 kiosk in the village. The kiosk had been adopted by Woking Borough Council in 2009 and a
group of residents set about restoring the kiosk. This was achieved through private donations and
sponsorship from local businesses.[22] A blog detailed the restoration.[23]
Following a competition by a Girl Guide unit in 2011 to find a use for their local disused telephone box in
Glendaruel, Argyll, it has been fitted with a defibrillator. The equipment can only be accessed by following
instructions from the Scottish Ambulance Service during an emergency call. The conversion of the box was
paid for by BT under the Adopt A Kiosk scheme and the defibrillator was supplied by the Community
Heartbeat Trust. It is one of five similar telephone box conversions in the United Kingdom.[24]
As of 2012, remanufactured units were offered for sale by X2Connect.[25][26][27]
Usage elsewhere
Several of these distinctive telephone boxes have been installed on
the Norman, Oklahoma, campus of the University of Oklahoma,
where they continue to serve their originally intended function.
Elsewhere in the United States, a few have also been installed in
downtown Glenview, Illinois. There is also one outside the British
Embassy in Washington, D.C. A red telephone box can also be found
on the Courthouse Square in Oxford, Mississippi. There are two in
use in Tennessee. One is located on the square in Collierville,
Tennessee, and the other is located next to Pepper Palace in The
Village Shops shopping center in Gatlinburg, Tennessee.[28] In
Massachusetts, there is also a red telephone box in the student centre
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In addition, there is a
red telephone box outside the town building (town hall/police
station/post office) in the tiny mountain town of Rowe,
Massachusetts, which is an original installation dating back to when
the town of Rowe first got telephone service. Two red telephone
boxes are on display at the World Showcase area of Disney's Epcot
Imitation British-style box used as the
in Orlando, Florida, one located in the United Kingdom area and one
entrance to a jazz club in Havana,
in the Canada area. One is on display at English Gardens a Place for
Cuba
Weddings in Winter Park close to downtown Orlando.An original K6
can also be found outside of the Allied Building in Treasure Island, Florida. There are also a few red boxes
at the Ellenton Outlet Mall, just off I-75, near Bradenton, Florida. These still have their original STD code
cards in place and have working US payphone equipment. There is a red telephone box in Westminster
Maryland on the corner of West Main Street and Rt. 27 out side of Johanson's Dining House.[29]
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British K6 phone boxes are to be found, painted green, in the centre of Kinsale, an old historic town in
County Cork within the Republic of Ireland.
Red telephone boxes are also found across Malta, Gozo, parts of the
Caribbean such as Antigua, Barbados, as well as in Cyprus, showing
that the colonial influence is still present. Some of those telephone
booths are being used as internet kiosks. A box can also be found in
the centre of the town of Chinon, France [30] and another in the
German town of Bad Mnstereifel.
Australia and New Zealand each had their own design of red
telephone box, and some examples have been preserved in sensitive
or historic sites. A brief and colourful campaign was run to "save"
Imitation Red Telephone Box in Ross,

Tasmania
the red telephone box in New Zealand by the Wizard of New Zealand.[31]
In 2008 ten K6 telephone boxes were imported from the United Kingdom to the Israeli city of Petah Tikva
and installed on its main street, Haim Ozer.[32]
Kingston upon Hull

Kingston upon Hull was the only area of the UK not under the Post Office monopoly, with telephones being
under the control of the Corporation of Hull (city council). In Hull and the surrounding area this meant that
the telephone boxes were painted cream and had the crown omitted. The Hull telephone system was
subsequently privatised and is now operated by Kingston Communications. Kingston Communications (KC)
have removed many of the famous cream K6 boxes circa 2007. An outraged public complained that they
were losing part of their heritage. KC have retained approx 125 K6s in use today. KC allocated limited
numbers (approximately 1,000) to be sold to the general public, and many were sold off before they had
even been removed from service.
Crown dependencies
The telephone services of the Crown dependencies were split at various times from the GPO.
Guernsey
Guernsey Telecoms painted its kiosks yellow with white window frames; they were repainted in blue when
the company was sold to Cable and Wireless in 2002.
Jersey
Jersey Telecom used locally made kiosks, painted in cream and yellow.
Isle of Man
Manx Telecom has left its kiosks in the red colour used by its predecessors British Telecom and the GPO. A
green telephone box exists in Cregneash, as was the practice in many rural areas of Britain.
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Portugal
Outside of the former British Empire, red phone boxes can be seen in Portugal for example, they are a
common sight in the city of Porto.[33]
Use in contemporary art

Out of Order
Scottish sculptor David Mach created the permanent public work Out
of Order in 1989 in Kingston, London made from K6 telephone
boxes. Twelve telephone boxes, first one upright, the rest gradually
falling over like dominoes. It was originally intended that the first
upright box was to contain a working telephone.
Out of Order
BT Artboxes
In 2012, BT helped celebrate the 25th anniversary of the free-phone
charity ChildLine by commissioning eighty artists to design and
decorate full-sized K6 replicas. These were displayed in public
spaces across London and then auctioned by Sotheby's as BT
Artboxes. Artists included Peter Blake, Willie Christie, David Mach,
Denis Masi, Zaha Hadid and Ian Ritchie.
Ian Ritchie Architect's copper 'Artbox'

next to the K2 prototype at Royal
Academy of Arts, London
Replica telephone boxes

Lightweight replica K6 telephone kiosks are manufactured as flat-packs by commercial vendors and are
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shipped around the world for installation in such places as bars, restaurants and offices.
Galleries
GPO/BT telephone kiosks
K1 Telephone Box,
Lowestoft Transport
Museum
Scott's K2 wooden
prototype is a working
telephone box in the left
entrance arch to the
Royal Academy of Arts,
London
K2 with a London
double-decker bus and
Big Ben in the
background
K4 Post Office in
K2 (right) and K6
K6 in Goathland, North
Warrington - the
together St John's Wood Yorkshire
vertical panels either
High Street.
side of the letter-slot
originally housed stamp
vending machines
The only K3 Mk2 kiosk

still in use, near Rhynd
in Perth and Kinross,
Scotland
A green K6 box near

Stokesley in North
Yorkshire
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K8 box at Amersham
station
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KX100 in Hapsford,
Cheshire
Non-GPO/BT kiosks in the United Kingdom
Preserved KingstonKingston
upon-Hull crown-less
Communications K6 in
K6 in original Hull
Hull
Corporation livery in
Hull Transport Museum
K8 housing an internal
telephone at Golders
Green tube station
Kingston
Communications
KX100 PLUS in Hull
Two black K6
telephone boxes in
Piccadilly in the City of
Westminster, operated
by New World
Payphones Ltd
British telephone kiosks abroad
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A K2 box at the
Gibraltar Botanic
Gardens
K6s in St. John's,

Antigua
K6 in Valletta, Malta
Crown-less K6s in the

Troodos Mountains in
Cyprus
K6 in Petah Tikva,
Israel
Queens crown K6 at
Fifth Street Public
Market in Eugene,
Oregon
University of Oklahoma A replica of a K6 in a

- red K6 in front of
British themed shop
Copeland Hall.
window in Hong Kong
A K6 box at the glise

Saint-Jean-Baptiste in
Percy, Manche in
Normandy, France
Two imitation British

red telephone boxes at
Brussels-South railway
station
See also
General Post Office (United Kingdom)
Telephone booth
Payphone
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Pillar box (red UK postal box)

Routemaster (red London bus)
Police box (blue UK police phone box)
References
1. ^ Odone, Cristina (11 March 2013). "The trashing of the iconic red phone box is one bad call"
(http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/9921689/The-trashing-of-the-iconic-red-phone-box-is-one-bad-call.html).
Telegraph.
2. ^ I Never Knew That About Britain. Season 1. Episode 4 (https://www.itv.com/itvplayer/i-never-knew-that-aboutbritain/series-1/episode-4). 24 March 2014. ITV. https://www.itv.com/itvplayer/i-never-knew-that-aboutbritain/series-1/episode-4. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
3. ^ New Telephone Kiosks", The Times, 28 March 1925, p. 9
4. ^ Stamp 1989, pp. 1314.
5. ^ "Remember When UK restoration GPO trailer restoration"
(http://www.redtelephonebox.com/images/photos/trailer/pages/trailer009_jpg.htm). Redtelephonebox.com.
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(http://www.csmonitor.com/1981/0225/022560.html). The Christian Science Monitor (Boston, Mass., USA: The
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hone+boxes%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=V_FTU9GFHsnG7Aau7YHgDA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAA), OUP Oxford, ISBN
978-0199541942 (p. 276)
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16. ^ Morris, Steven (30 November 2009). "Ringing the changes: phone box becomes mini-library"
(http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/nov/30/phone-box-mini-library-somerset). London: The Guardian. Retrieved
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2014.
20. ^ "Upwood Village Book Exchange" (https://www.facebook.com/UpwoodBookExchange). Retrieved 13 June 2014.
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(http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/s/2067368_brookwood_phone_box_restored_by_residents_). getsurrey.co.uk. 10
March 2010.
23. ^ Brookwood K6 Red Telephone Box Preservation (http://brookwoodk6.blogspot.com/), 15 October 2011
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/. BBC News. 7 November 2011.
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31. ^ [2] (http://web.archive.org/web/20040201205336/www.wizard.gen.nz/phonebox.html) The Telephone Box War
32. ^ "Israel Petah Tikva Imports Famed U.K. Red Phone Boxes For City Center" (http://jewkey.com/israel-petahtikva-imports-famed-uk-red-phone-boxes-for-city-center/israel-news/). Jewkey.com.
33. ^ "Phone Box in Porto | Photo" (http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/6134063). Travelblog.org. 28 March 2011.
Bibliography
Stamp, Gavin (1989). Telephone Boxes. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-3366-X.
Johannessen, Neil, ed. (1991). Ring up Britain: the early years of the telephone in the United
Kingdom. London: British Telecom. ISBN 0948257881.
Page 14 of 15
12/14/14 6:45 PM
Johannessen, Neil (1999). Telephone Boxes (2nd ed.). Princes Risborough: Shire. ISBN 0-7478-04192.
External links
The Telephone Box (http://www.the-telephone-box.co.uk/)
Complete illustrated history of the Red Telephone Box.
Includes K5 & K7 images.
Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Red
telephone box.
PayPhoneBox (http://www.payphonebox.com/) Index of British Red Phone Boxes.

More K6 facts (http://www.redtelephonebox.com/findoutmore/phonekiosks.php)
Red telephone kiosks in Oxford, England (http://www.oxfordhistory.org.uk/streets/telephone_kiosks/)
Red phone boxes in the Welsh landscape (http://gmakkas.com/old/intromain.php?sub_id=11)
Existing red phone boxes around the city of Liverpool
(http://www.yoliverpool.com/forum/showthread.php?t=2389)
Where I Live: Are there any K8's out there?
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire/content/articles/2007/03/23/swindon_phone_box_feature.shtml)
(BBC)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_telephone_box&oldid=637804933"
Categories: British culture Public phones Street furniture Telecommunications in the United Kingdom
This page was last modified on 12 December 2014 at 19:05.
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