Increasing Risk of Marine Oil Spills and Existing

Preparedness Capabilities in SE Asia

Copyright 2013. Oil Spill Response Limited.

Geeva Varghese

Outline
Southeast Asia The Marine Environment
Growing Demand and Energy Trends
Exploration, Production and Transportation of Oil
Risk Profile
State of Preparedness
Conclusion
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Southeast Asia

Copyright 2013. Oil Spill Response Limited.

Southeast Asia The Marine

Environment
40% of world Fish catch
2500 known species of Reef Fishes (40% of the known global total)
500 known species of Coral (75% of the known global total)
37% of world Mangroves
72% of world Seagrass
Marine Fish
Species Diversity

Hard Coral
Species Diversity

Southeast Asia

2,500

400-500

Great Barrier
Reef

1,500

395

Caribbean

500-600

100-200

of world Coral Reefs

Source: PEMSEA, 2001

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Oil & Gas Industry Southeast Asia

Long history of exploration
Mix of National & International Oil
companies
Started in the 1960s 2 phases
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei
Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam
Primarily onshore moved to
offshore

Southeast Asia - Conventional Drilling Activity

Year

Onshore

Offshore

2007

101

143

2008

100

108

2009

112

108

2010

102

128

2011

116

117

2012

91

142

Copyright 2013. Oil Spill Response Limited.

Oil & Gas Industry Southeast Asia

Mature region but recent exploration success in marginal /
frontier areas
Deepwater potential in several countries Malaysia, Brunei

Growth in ASEAN Primary Energy Demand ; Source IEA,2013

1990

2012

Brunei

152

140

Indonesia

1539

889

Malaysia

635

674

Philippines

34

Thailand

54

393

Vietnam

52

356

Rest of ASEAN

15

17

Oil Production by Country kb/d;

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Source IEA 2013

6

Shipping Industry Southeast Asia

A distinctively maritime region

Heavy reliance on maritime transport
Straits of Malacca, Lombok and Sunda
Estimated more than of half of worlds annual merchant
tonnage traverses through the Southeast Asian Seas

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Shipping Industry Southeast Asia

Growth in regional trade
Container ports account for about
30% worlds trans-shipment traffic

STRAITREP Data

Mandatory ship reporting

system
Straits of Malacca
Data from 1999 to 2007
Traffic increase by 61%

Record volumes post 2010

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Risk Profile
RISK A combination of Likelihood and Consequence
Intolerable region

Risk reduction

O&G Activities

Acceptable

Tanker Incidents

SBM oil spill incident Thailand

(2013)
Pipeline spill incident Philippines
(2013)
Pipeline spill incident Malaysia
(2010)

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Source: ITOPF

State of Preparedness

National Actions

Developing Baseline
Information &
Establishing
Scientific Support

Response Capability

Coordinating Ability
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10

National Actions
Designation of a competent National Authority to deal with
marine emergencies
Preparation and adoption of National Oil Spill Contingency
Plans
Participation in Regional or Multilateral oil spill response
arrangements
Ratification and implementation of relevant International
Conventions
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11

Ratification Status of IMO Conventions

Convention

MARPOL

CLC

Annex
Country

73/78
Annex
I/II

Brunei

86

Cambodia

94

Indonesia

86

Malaysia

97

Myanmar

88

Philippines

01

Singapore

90

Thailand

07

III

IV

94 94 94
97

VI

FUND

Conv

Prot

Conv

Prot

Prot

69

92

71

92

03

02

94

01

78

99

04

95

01 01 01
D

OPRC

Bunker
Oil

90

01

02
01
04

97

97

97

97

97

08

99

06

00

Timor-Leste
Vietnam

91

03
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Source: IMO

12

Baseline Information and Scientific

Support

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13

Baseline Information and Scientific

Support
Establish and exchange information
Responsible and accountable
policy formulation
The last of Sea Gypsies Bajau Laut

Indigenous subsistence community

Rely almost exclusively on marine resources
for their food and livelihood
Malikai field, off Sabah
Copyright 2013. Oil Spill Response Limited.
Source: The Guardian, UK; Photograph : James Morgan

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Response Capability
Establishing risk profile
Baseline Information for
analysing environmental and
socio-economic impact

Response
Capability Building

Tiered Response Approach

Policies that supplement rather than impede response
Provisions to call upon resources from other countries
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15

Coordinating Ability
Mechanisms to facilitate the transport and movement of
equipment and personnel across boarders in the event of
large scale incidents

Regional Agreements

Sulawesi Sea Oil Spill Network Response Plan (1980)

Brunei Bay Oil Spill Contingency Plan (1994)
ASEAN Oil Spill Response Action Plan (1993)
Joint Statement on Partnerships in Oil Spill Preparedness and Response in the
Gulf of Thailand (2006)

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Conclusion
Increase in energy transportation and extraction translates to
increase in pollution risk
Managing Risk Exposure / Vulnerability / Damage Repair /
Compensation
Improvements in Preparedness will bring the most beneficial
outcome
It is important not to just fight the last war

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