Program Models in Teacher Education

Development of Teacher Programs in light of education

policies in Pakistan
Teacher in Pakistan
Teacher" is the core to achieve quality education Pakistan pursues. The
teaching force in Pakistan is estimated to be 1.35 million working in
government schools from primary to higher education. There are 275
teacher training institutions providing pre-service training (certificates,
diplomas and degrees). In addition, there are 300 teacher training
resource centres in the districts. The teacher training institutions are
managed by the Bureau of Curriculum and Extension for pre-service
programs while the Provincial Institutes of Teacher Education (PITEs) are
responsible for in-service training programs

Commission on National Education, 1959

The commission on National Education was appointed by a resolution
adopted by the government on 30 th December, 1958. It was inaugurated
by the President Ayub Khan on January 5, 1959.
Teacher Training
The commission was of the view that teachers must be trained properly
before entering teaching profession. Teachers should be paid adequate
salary. Teachers from class VI-X should work for 225 days during the year
(excluding vacation). The service of Education Extension Centres
established to improve the quality of Education, should be fully utilized by
the Central and Provincial Governments.

National Education policy, 1978

Background
An Education Conference in 1977 was held at Islamabad, which provided
both spirit and substance to the National Education Policy 1978, by Martial
Law Regime. The factors which led to the formulation of policy are better
reflected in the statement of Mr Muhammad Ali H. Hoti, Minister of
Education on the policy while presenting its silent features in the cabinet
meeting on 12th October, 1978.
Teacher Education
The policy maintained that candidates admitted to the teacher education
institutions would be required to possess strong commitment to the
ideology of Pakistan. It had further stated that in order to ensure
continuous professional growth, all teachers would be required to undergo
at least one in-service training course during every five years. All the
primary teacher training institutions and normal schools would be
upgraded to college of elementary teachers. The academy of Higher
Education of the University Grants Commission would provide pre-service
and at least one in-service training opportunity to all University and
college teachers every five years.

Other provisions laid down in the policy related to the constitution of

Admission Committees for the selection of the suitable candidates
according to the principles laid down in the policy; strengthening of
Provincial Education Extension Centres and in-service training centres;
strengthening of in-service training facilities of the Allama Iqbal Open
University and revision of pre-service curricula at PTC, CT, B.ED, M.ED.,
Levels.

Provisions of Education in Five years Plans

The Fifth Five Year Plan (1978-83)
Teacher Education
A National committee on elementary Teacher Education Curriculum, set up
by the government in 1970-75, has completed work on the preparation of
new curriculum for the in-service and pre-service training of elementary
teachers. The new curriculum has been introduced from 1976-77 and the
duration of training has been extended to 10 months by making teacher
training a non-vocation program. Special training programs are also being
conducted to train teacher trainers for the elementary teacher training
colleges. They devised a new curriculum for the training of secondary
school teachers completed its work in 1976-77. Pre revised curriculum for
the in-service and pre-service training of secondary school teachers has
been introduced from the academic years 1976-77.
To improve the teaching faculty of training institutions persons holding
pedagogical degrees such as M.ED and PH.D in education will be placed
on the staff of the training colleges.
The Sixth Five-Year Plan (1983-88)
Teacher Education
The primary and secondary schooling targets would require an
additional 200 teachers including approximately 40 thousand Imams.
Another 45 thousand teachers will be needed for replacement.
Teacher training facilities are adequate for the new teachers.
There are 71 institutions for the training of primary and undergraduate
secondary school teachers.
Graduate teachers are trained in 14 colleges and four university
departments.
Institute of Education and research of the universities of the Punjab.
Sindh and Peshawar and a few training colleges offer courses in Master
of Education.
Capacity of the existing institutions is sufficient to train about 120
thousand primary and 50 thousand secondary school teachers required
for the proposed programs of primary and secondary education.
Seventh Five-Year Plan (1988-93)
Teacher Education
The seventh plan reoriented the educational structure as follow:
In order to improve the quality of education in secondary schools,
teachers possessing a bachelor of education (B.ED) degree will also be

appointed along with those holding a certificate of teaching (CT) to

teach classes VI, VII and VIII.
The number of B.ED teachers will be increased gradually.
Existing incentive for M.ED teachers will be continued so that a large
number of M.ED teachers become available to teach classes IX and X.
Teachers for class XI and XII will be required to possess at least
masters degree in the relevant subject preferably with three to six
months training in educational theory and practice.
The courses for CT will also include methods of teaching at primary
level while B.ED. Courses will include teaching at the middle level.
If trained teachers are not available, untrained persons with higher
qualifications will be appointed and allowed salaries according to their
qualifications.

Reference

Education in Pakistan, 1st edition By S.M. Shahid, pp 86, 93, 97, 127,
128, 132,140, 143.