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Ch. 18 Fundamentals of
Spectrophotometry
E = hcυ~ υ~ = 1 / λ (wavenumber)
A molecule that absorbs light photons will end up with increased energy. The
molecule will be promoted to an excited state. Microwave energy will cause
rotation of compounds. IR energy is high enough to promote bond stretching.
UV/Vis energy promotes electrons into higher orbitals. Short-λ UV and X-rays
can ionize molecules or even break bonds.
1
Spectrometer Experiment Wavelengths and Color
2
Beer’s Law and Calibration Absorption vs. Emission Spectra
Molecules always emit
radiation at longer
wavelengths than they absorb
at.
Emission Spectroscopy
The Effects of Absorbing Light Experimental Setup
UV-Vis promotes
electrons into higher
orbitals
3
Chemiluminescence for Air Quality
• Chemiluminescence is used routinely for air
quality measurements of O3 or NOx