HAEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS

Is a disorder of the body on either the flow of blood and body fluid balance/electrolyte which
give rise to:
1. edema
2. hiperemia and congestion
3. bleeding
4. emboli
5. myocardial
6. dehydration
7. shock
1. EDEMA
definition: the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid/heap in the intercellular spaces or
cavities of the body (there is a disruption in the movement of fluid)
Generally consists of 2 kinds: local & general edema, for example:
Local Edema: the right foot is bigger than the left leg because it is often used for object
Edema of the general body: all of the swelling due to water.
2. HYPEREMIA-CONGESTION
Hiperemia: an increase in the volume of blood in the vasa and capillaries network/body parts.
Hiperemia active (active blood vessel dilatation to hold blood) HIPEREMIA
Passive Hiperemia (blood vessels had to dilation, to accommodate more volume of blood than
normal) CONGESTION
HIPEREMIA
Increasing the color red in the area/body part affected
Arterial and arteriolar Dilation because:
-mechanisms of neurogenic bladder sympathetic
-the loss of the substance vasoactive
Clinical trials occur e.g. in inflammation, exercise, emotional, and febris (hot)
More in the arteries due to nerves, blood racing many 02 so that appears in red
dilatation new blood vessels first plasma in. ..
CONGESTION
As a result of obstruction of the venous blood or increased back pressure of congestive heart
failure (CHF)
Acute Congestion, arising in acute inflammation, shock, or acute right heart failure.
Plasma comes first blood vessel new dilatation
Many of the veins, the blood contains lots of CO2 so that it appears blue (cyanosis)

3. BLEEDING
Discharge of blood from the cardiovascular system accompanied the outbreak of the blood vessel
walls
ETIOLOGY:
-trauma: on abrasion (friction sores, bone fractures, injuries to penetrate.
-Atherosclerosis: LDL (easily precipitates) in blood vessel walls -inflammation of the walls of
the vasa blood
-neoplasm
4. EMBOLI
Blockage of some parts of the cardiovascular system by the period that will be transported to the
venue via the blood stream
TYPES OF EMBOLI
1. tromboembolisme
Emboli from broken fragments of trombi, who most often
Emboli pulmonum: important cause of sudden death (pregnancy, CHF thrombosis venosa
emboli)
Arterial Emboli: its location in the left atrium (atrial fibrillation of mitral stenosis with),
myocardial infarction mural thrombus emboli, myocardial brain thrombus
Paradoxical emboli Emboli: the left is derived from the circulation of venosa but got through
the arterial flow left to-right-shunt (Patent foramen ovale or Atrial Septal Defects ASD )
2. Saddle embolus
The emboli that snagged on a huge bifurcatio pulmonalis artery.
3. other Emboli:
a. fat emboli: the small-grain grains of fat in blood circulation
b. air emboli: the presence of gas bubbles dissolved within the unproductive blood mainly due to
the low solubility of Nitrogen, ex: caisson disease (decrompression sickness).
c. air emboli amniotic fluid
d. other (fragment arteriosklerosis plaque, a network with an infection, tumor fragments)
5. MYOCARDIAL
Iskhemik necrosis Areas in a tissue or organ caused by blockage or arterial supply both venous
drainage
ISCHAMEIA
The lack of blood supply
Happen if the blood flow has stopped altogether (ischemia)/low (partial ischemia)
Blockage of the arteries than the much more important and the blockage of veins
Complete arterial Blockage: thrombosis and emboli
Parcial Obstruction arteries: atheroma

6. DEHYDRATION
The body's fluid balance Disorders such as: discharge > introduction
TYPE:
1. Dehydration primer (water depletion)
2. secondary to dehydration (sodium depletion)
3. mix 1 & 2
7. SHOCK
Definition: a State of depressed/disruption of vital functions of body due to the reduced blood
volume effectively acute and severe
Clinical: cardiovascular Collapse with distinctive markings: hypotension, hyperventilation, and
loss of consciousness
Reactive change
I. changes to the initial shock
II. Further Change shock