PBL

CASE 2

SYSTEM DESIGN
Information system will be built by the project

team from scratch, to be exible and creative in

the way to solve business problem.
System design can be divided into general
systems design and detailed system design.
General System Design is the stage where an
overall system design is created or made and
this may include the software to use whether it
can be purchased o the shelf and software
requires to be developed.
Hattan does not need to start from scratch seeing

that there is plethora of accounting software

available.

Cont..
Detailed System Design also known as physical

system design, whereby it is an extension of general

design. This is the stage where system design is nely
tuned.
From the case, we understood that management needs

weekly reports and only monthly transactions are

recorded

During this detailed design, input , output, interface

between users and the computer, database, network,

program and controls are dened and documented
There are several ways to approach the creation of a
new system:
Buy ready-made package software system and customize

it
Outsourcing
End user development

Cont
In this case study, Hattans Uncle insist to

develop an internal system. Hattan decide

to build the system using Ms Access that he
learns from the AIS course. To build the
system Hattan must have the project team.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF
PROJECT TEAM

People who involve in developing information

system for examples;

Users, business analyst, system analyst, infrastructure

analyst, change management analyst and project

manager

End users

End user will be directly interact with the information

system
They supply data and receive information from the
information system

Cik JM is an accounts clerk will use the information

system more than other user
She will directly supply data and receive information from
the information system

Cont
Business Analyst

Will plan the design and design the phases in

analysing the business aspects and issues

surrounding the information system
Most of business analyst will likely have business
experience and some type of professional
training
Cik Nona is an Account Manager of Hattans Uncle
Business
She might be the business analyst because she knows
everything about the companys procedure and
policies
She also has more experiences and professional
training in accounting

Cont..
Systems Analyst
Focuses on improving business processes, design

information system and create new business

processes and ensure it comply with the standard
Hattan who has an accounting background
He realized that the company needs a proper
information system regarding to the uncollectible
debts
He also the one who suggest to Cik Nona about the
needs of the company to computerised the billing and
collection system

Cont..
Infrastructure Analyst
Identies and implement infrastructure changes

on issues e.g hardware, software, database and

network
Has signicant training and experience on
information technology

Ah Beng who own a consultancy company can be

the infrastructure analyst for this project
Since the company do not have an expert in IT, they
should hire Ah Beng because he has more knowledge
about IT and can be monitor the infrastructure
changes on technical issues.

Cont..
Change Management Analyst

Focus on people and management issues.

Must have signicant training and experience in

organizational behaviour in general

The company should hire other people to ensure that

adequate documentation and support is available to users,
providing user training on the new system and developing
strategies to overcome resistance to change

Project Manager

Monitoring the whole project development from the

beginning to the end

Hattan since Hattan found out the problem in the

company and suggests to the company to develop a
system, he is preferable to be a project manager
He is going to prepare a proposal to be accepted by his
uncle. So, he will monitor all works from the start to the
end.

Cont..
Advantages using the End User Develop:

Is reduce the communication problem

Development is speeded up
Reduce of users changing their requirement during the

development process

Disadvantages

Not allow the end user to develop systems that will

aect other parts of the information systems or other

end user in the organization
The end user are restricted to use PC based
applications limited to their department
The system is not integrated into the organizations
information processing.

Designing database
Important to determine the purpose of the

database

To solve the main problem of the case where the

company facing a huge uncollectable bills and the

number keeps increasing.

To identify the entities and determine the types

of relationship that exist among the entities

To Draw the Entity Relationship Diagram and
convert it into a relational database involves
creating tables for each entity, identifying
attributes for each table and normalizing the
table.

DATABASE DESIGN GUIDELINES

Determine the purpose of the database
The purpose of creating this database is to record

all the data systematically

To update the information consistently
Creating a medium of eective interaction
between entity and customers could be
established

Cont..
Identify the entities
Entity is any class of objects about which data and

information are collected.

It can be person (employee), Place, thing
(Product) or an event (sale).
Entities in the Entity Relationship Diagram use
rectangular symbols and are labelled with
singular nouns.
Examples:

Cont..
Determine the relationships among entities

Relationships are used to describe how entities are

associated.
There are three types of relationships that exist
between entities. There are;

One to one (1:1)

One to-many (1:M)

Many-to-many

Cont..
Draw the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Graphically shows the various entities and the

important or the relationships among other

entities.
Acting as communication tools between users and
the database designer
Examples;

1. Product

Ow
n

2. Customer

Sales
by

Sales Order

Consi
st of

Product
Detail

Has

Account
Gene
rates

4. Invoices

Furniture
Acqui
re
Perfo
rm by

Electrical
App
3. Sales
Person

4. Invoices

Primary Keys
These are the primary keys for given table:

* Customer ID

* Product ID

* Sales Person ID

Salesperson Form

Given form will display the photo ID, Name,

Address, Contact No, Start date and Basic Pay

for the specic person.

Customer Form

Enables to view customer information as

given:

Product Form

Enables to record new product and update

record on existing product.

Sales Form

Resembles an invoice and auto lled which

makes the processing of the invoice easier.

Queries Form

Based on the given queries, report can be

generate and be use for decision making.

Queries Form

Based on the given queries, report can be

generate and be use for decision making.

How Much is the total sales recorded by each product and

the total sales amount for the month? Sales Report given:

How much is the total sales amount recorded by each

salesperson in a particular month? Sales commission given
below:

Commission For Sales Person For The

Month

Commission For The Month

List of all unpaid invoices

List of unpaid invoices: with a checked-

box placed next to the list.

Invoice for Customer

Invoice for Customer

Product Report listing all the available

product group (according to categories)

Customer Report :

in alphabetical order

User Interface
User interface design requires an

understanding of Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI) and user-centered design
principles.
Also help user to navigate the system.
Below are switchboard given that links to the
forms, queries and reports:

THANK YOU