High alloyed stainless

Steel wire
For heavy duty slickline/wireline
operations

Sandvik Steel

Downhole requirements
z Slicklines normally work under maximum recommended
stress
z Stress concentration occurs
z Well fluids: Oil/Water polluted by sour gases (CO2, H2S,
chlorides)
z The wrong material can lead to corrosion and possible
failure: chloride or H2S induced
z Material selection:
9 Cost
9 Resistance against well-fluids
9 Mechanical loads

Sandvik Steel

Technical considerations
z Material properties
z Breaking loads, safe loads
z Stress and fatigue
z Pulley wheel diameters
z Corrosion resistance
z Material choice - environment

Sandvik Steel

Load capability
Grade

Dim
(inch)

Dim
(mm)

Tensile
Tensile
strength
Breaking
strength
(Mpa)
load (lbf)
(psi) Min
Min

Line
length
(ft)

Effective
Breaking
Load,
EBF (lbf)

Rec. safe
load
(75% of
the
EBF)(lbf)

SAF2205

0,082
0,092
0,105
0,108
0,125

2,083
2,337
2,667
2,743
3,175

1700
1700
1700
1700
1700

250000
250000
250000
250000
250000

1302
1639
2135
2258
3025

10000
10000
10000
10000
10000

1094
1377
1793
1897
2541

818
1029
1341
1418
1900

San28 Cu

0,082
0,092
0,105
0,108
0,125

2,083
2,337
2,667
2,743
3,175

1510
1510
1510
1510
1510

218950
218950
218950
218950
218950

1156
1456
1896
2006
2687

10000
10000
10000
10000
10000

971
1223
1593
1685
2257

726
914
1191
1260
1688

San26Mo

0,082
0,092
0,105
0,108
0,125

2,083
2,337
2,667
2,743
3,175

1580
1580
1580
1580
1580

229100
229100
229100
229100
229100

1210
1523
1984
2099
2812

10000
10000
10000
10000
10000

1016
1279
1666
1763
2362

760
957
1246
1318
1766

Sandvik Steel

Mechanical
requirements inlet data

Wire length

25 000 ft (7600 m)

Tensile strength

1500 MPa

Elastic Modulus

185 000 MPa

Recommended Safe load

75% of tensile strength = 1125 MPa

Sandvik Steel

Mechanical
requirements elongation
As the load components work on different lengths we can assume a
worst case, simulating a Jarring operation at 25000 ft depth with a
0.125" line.
Weight of wire = 7600 m x 63.8 kg/1000 m = 485 kg
Stress induced by weight of wire = 600 MPa
Allowable pulling stress = 1125 - 600 = 525 MPa
Tension induced by weight of wire is given by:
= E * (: stress, E: E-modulus, : weight)
weight = 600/185 000 = 0.0032 = 0.32 %.

Sandvik Steel

Mechanical
requirements elongation (cont)

Weight center is on 50% of wire length, giving the stretch

induced by wire weight is 0.0032 x 25 000/2 = 40 ft
Elongation induced by the maximum pulling force is
525/185 000 = 0.28%
0.28%/100 x 25 000 ft =70 ft or 21 m.

Sandvik Steel

Stress at outer fibre of wire

versus pulley wheel diameter
= E.

Sandvik Steel

d+D

Influence of Sheave diameter

z Strain range (/2) = Wire diameter/(Wire diameter +
Sheave diameter)

z The bigger the sheave diameter the smaller /2 and the

longer lifetime or higher number of cycles to failure

Sandvik Steel

Fatigue testing

Sandvik Steel

Fatigue testing results

Dimension

0,125"
0,108"
0,092"

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 28

Sanicro 26 Mo

(cycles to failure)

(cycles to failure)

2738
3991
4908

2923
3841
4515

Fatigue testing
Grade

Dimension

San 28

0,125

2738

0,108

3991

0,092

4908

0,125

2923

0,108
0,092

3841
4515

San 26 Mo

San 36 Mo

Sandvik Steel

Rp

Cycles to failure

0,107

1780

2821

0,107

1530

3840

Research & development

z Testing:
9 Fatigue
9 Corrosion
Pitting, Stress corrosion cracking, general corrosion
constant load in sour environments

9 Stress
9 Ductility
9 Tensile strength

z Research (4% of turnover per year)

New grades
Process techniques
Basic research
General technical (customer) support
Sandvik Steel

Wireline program
Alloy

Designation

%Cr %Ni

%Mo %N

Other PRE

5R10

AISI 304

18.5

8.5

0,07

18.5

Tensile strength Corrosion resistance

Min
1650
For sweet wells

5R60

AISI 316

17

11

2.6

25.6

1500

2RK66

AISI 904L

20

25

4.5

Cu=1.5 34.85

1400

SAF 2205 UNS S31803

22

5.5

3.2

0.18

1700

High tensile for CO2 wells

with low H2S

Sanicro 26 UNS N08926

20

25

6.5

0.2

Cu = 1.0

1585

High tensile for sour wells

Sanicro 28 UNS N08028

27

30.5 3.4

Cu=1.0 38.22

1500

High tensile for sour wells

Sanicro 36 Mo

27

34

0,4

Mn=5

1850

Super tensile for sour wells

5,5

Wirelines according to API 9A - material is readily available.

Sandvik Steel

35.44

51,0

For wells with less severe

conditions
For medium sour wells

Sanicro 26 Mo
z UNS N08926
z Austenitic for sour wells
z Tensile strength min 1585 Mpa
z PRE 47
z Very good choice for sour wells with high concentration
of chlorides, also with H2S and CO2 present.
z Very good resistance to pitting, stress corrosion,
cracking and general corrosion
z Excellent fatigue properties
z Also suitable for well-logging cables

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 28
z UNS N08028
z Austenitic for sour wells
z Tensile strength min 1500 Mpa
z PRE 39
z Very good choice for sour and geothermal wells. Very
good corrosion resistance in H2S, CO2 and Cl containing
environments.
z Excellent fatigue properties

Sandvik Steel

CPT for various alloys in neutral

chloride solutions 300 mV SCE.
Critical Pitting at various temperatures in
neutral chloride solutions 300 mV
SCE.(2)

Sandvik Steel

Critical pitting
temperature as a function of pH.
CPT in 3% NaCl with varying pH at 600
mV SCE. (2)

Sandvik Steel

Pitting potentials of various alloys

as a function of temperature
Pitting potentials in 3% NaCl, pH about
6. Scan rate = 20Mv/min

Sandvik Steel

Stress corrosion
cracking resistance
SCC resistance in oxygen-bearing (about
8ppm) neutral chloride solutions. Testing
time: 1000 hours. Applied stress equal to
yield strength at testing time. The curve
for AISI 304/304L and 316/316L is based
on experimental data and practical
experience.

Sandvik Steel

H2S resistance of
SAF 2205 and Sanicro 28
Constant-load SCC tests in cidified aqueous
solution. Stress = 0.2 yield strength at testing
temperature = 90C (194F. Testing time 500
hours. Sanicro 28 and SAF 2205 tested in
the cold.-worked condition, AISI 420
quenched and tempered.

Sandvik Steel

Effect of pH on H2S
resistance of SAF2205
Atmospheric pressure SCC tests of 17% cold
worked SAF 2205 in 5% NaCI at different pH
values, different partial pressures of H2S, and
temperatures of up to 90 C (194 F).
Stress = Rp 0.2 at testing temperature. Testing
time = 500 hours. Closed symbols denote
failure, open symbols no failure.

Sandvik Steel

SCC resistance of
SAF2205 in H2S environment
High pressure SCC tests of 50% cold
worked SAF 2205 in 5 and 15%NaCl with a
partial pressure of CO2 equal to 7 Mpa (1000
psi) at temperatures between RT and 260 C
(500F). Stress = R p0.2 at testing
temperature. Testing time 500 = hours.

Sandvik Steel

SCC resistance of Sanicro 28 and

Sanicro 26Mo in H2S environment
High pressure SCC tests of 50% to 60% cold
worked Sanicro 28 in 5 and 15%NaCl with a
partial pressure of CO2 equal to 7 Mpa (1000 psi)
at temperatures between RT and 260 C (500F).
Stress = R p0.2 at testing temperature. Testing
time = 500 hours.

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 28
Temp (C)
250
200
150

100
0
500
0

1000
1500
CO2 (psi)

Sandvik Steel

1000
2000
2000

1500

500
H2S (psi)

Well intervention - the future

z Deeper wells
z Higher temperatures
z More corrosive environments
z What are the oil and gas industrys needs in this area?
z What are the problems you are facing?
z Short term?
z Long term?
z How are wirelines logged? (number of hours used?
Number of operations etc)
z Traceability?
z Are braided lines used? Carbon Steel or stainless?
Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 36 Mo
z New Super austenite for sour environments
z High tensile strength
9 > 1865 Mpa (270 ksi)
9 On-going experimentation to guarantee 300 ksi

z Excellent corrosion resistance

9 PRE > 50

z Excellent fatigue properties

z Currently used exclusively for well-logging cables.
z Slicklines under development - time scale: perhaps one
year.
Sandvik Steel

SSRT in H2S
RATIO [%El (env) / %El (inert)]
0,90

0,90

z Temperature 204C

0,80

z P CO2 1000 psi (7 Mpa)

0,70

z P H2S 350 psi

0,60

z P tot 10 Mpa
z 15% NaCl

New alloy Specimen 1

0,80

New alloy Specimen 2

0,70

New alloy Specimen 3

New alloy Specimen 4

0,62

UNS N08028 Specimen 1

UNS N08028 Specimen 2
UNS N08926 Specimen 1

0,50

UNS N08926 Specimen 2

0,40

UNS N08926 Specimen 3

0,33

0,30
0,22

0,20
0,17

0,10
0,00

Sandvik Steel

Logistics
z Main stock in Sweden
z Service stocks close to/at
markets/customers
z Material investigation /
failure analysis

Sandvik Steel

z Continuous flow of material

and intermediate stocks
z Customer/subsidiary orders
are supplied rapidly
z Customer partnership

Benefits
z Complete product programme from Carbon Steel to
advanced alloys
z Integrated production: we control the process and the
chemistry
z Significant technical resources
z Technical support
z Knowledge in oil and gas related applications of
stainless steel

Sandvik Steel