HSDPA

Enhanced Support for Downlink Packet Data

Higher Capacity
Higher Peak data rates
Lower round trip delay time
Part of release 5
Similar to cdma2000 EV DO
Shared Channel Transmission
Higher order Modulation
Fast Link adaptation
Fast hybrid ARQ
(MIMO to be considered for later releases)

Dimensioning, configuration and

deployment of Radio Access
Networks.
part 5: HSPA and LTE

HSDPA - Shared channel transmission

Shared Channel Transmission

Efficient code and power utilization by dynamically sharing radio resources among multiple users

Time domain (TTI = 2 ms)

Code domain (up to 15 codes)

Not all UEs are capable to receive data in consecutive TTI (Minimum inter-TTI time > 1)

CC are not orthogonal due to multipath propagation self interference generated in the cell affecting capacity

SF=1
SF=2
SF=4

Channelization codes allocated

for HS-DSCH transmission
8 codes (example)

SF=8
SF=16

TTI
Shared
channelization
codes
time
User #1

User #2

User #3

User #4

Channel coding and throughput

Higher order Modulation

Channel coding at rates 1/4-3/4 Dynamically changed

Allows for higher peak data rates

QPSK 480kbps channel bit rate per code
16QAM 960kbps channel bit rate per code

Requires higher SNIR

Smaller cells
Shared channel transmission

Fast link adaptation

Modulation, coding and data rate

Radio channel conditions changes fast due to:

Interference variations
Path loss and shadowing
Multipath fading
Modulation

HS-DSCH channel rate control = constant power

Adaptive channel coding

Adaptive modulation (QPSK <-> 16QAM)

QPSK

Fast adaptation - TTI=2 ms

Available rate is adjusted by selecting a Transport Format and Resource Combination (TFRC)

The achievable rate dependent on:

Available HS power
Radio conditions
UE category
Available # HS codes
16QAM availability
Load

16QAM

Coding rate

Throughput 5
CC

Throughput
10 CC

Throughput
15 CC

1/4

600 kbps

1.2 Mbps

1.8 Mbps

2/4

1.2 Mbps

2.4 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

3/4

1.8 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

5.4 Mbps

2/4

2.4 Mbps

4.8 Mbps

7.2 Mbps

3/4

3.6 Mbps

7.2 Mbps

10.8 Mbps

4/4

4.8 Mbps

9.6 Mbps

14.4 Mbps

Capacity management overview 3G RAN

SINR vs throughput
Throughput is a
function of modulation,
coding and SNIR

Transmission
(x E1)

RNC
-

DL power
DL codes
UL interference

Air interface limitations

Power control and rate control

Channel elements
in NodeB

HW limitations

Deployment strategy example

Deployment
phase

RNC

384 kbps 384 kbps 384 kbps

384 kbps

R99
Power controlled

f2: R99 + HS

f2: R99 + HS

f1: R99 + HS

f1: R99 + HS

Mature phase

Power control
Constant bit rate

f1: R99 + HS

f2: R99 + HS

Initial phase
RNC

5Mbps

3Mbps

Rate control
Constant DL power

0.5Mbps
1Mbps

R5
Rate controlled

f1: R99

Hot spots
Dense urban

f1: R99 + HS

f1: R99

Urban
Suburban

Rural

HSPA and LTE = Mobile Broadband

HSPA High-Speed Packet Access (Turbo-3G)

Gradually improved performance in existing 3G networks

LTE Long-Term Evolution (4G)

LTE 4G Mobile Broadband

Significantly higher performance and user experience

in a wide range of spectrum allocations
Packet-switched services only
Fulfills IMT-Advanced requirements

A SHORT SUMMARY ON BEHALF OF ERICSSON

WCDMA

HSDPA

HSPA evolution

HSPA

2002

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

LTE
Requirements

Stefan Parkvall

LTE 4G Mobile Broadband

From early studies
Testbed 2007, 20 MHz, 2x2 MIMO

Studies

LTE-Advanced

Specs

LTE Basic Radio-Access Principles

OFDM transmission

154
123

Multi-antenna support

54

23

Dual-layer beamforming

Multi-antenna extensions

Positioning

Relaying

MBMS

Carrier Aggregation

via trials

74

37

ICIC

data1
data2
data3
data4

97

LTE Testbed
2007

Channel-dependent scheduling

Hybrid ARQ

12

Bandwidth flexibility

700 m

to commercial operation!

Rel-8

Rel-9

Rel-10

2008

2009

2010

Basic LTE functionality

http://www.teliasonera.com/4g/index.htm

http://www.ericsson.com/thecompany/press/releases/2009/12/1360881

FDD and TDD support

Enhancements & extensions

Further extensions
IMT-Advanced compliant

Transmission Scheme

Multi-antenna Transmission

Downlink OFDM

Uplink DFTS-OFDM

Parallel transmission on large number of

narrowband subcarriers

DFT-precoded OFDM

DFT precoder

IFFT

Cyclic-prefix
insertion

DFT

Benefits:

OFDM modulator

IFFT

Diversity for improved

system peformance (robustness)

Beam-forming for improved coverage

SDMA for improved capacity

Multi-layer transmisson (MIMO)

for higher data rates in a given bandwidth

Tx signal has single-carrier properties

Improved power-amplifier efficiency

Avoid own-cell interference

Robust to time dispersion

Improved battery life

Reduced PA cost
Critical for uplink

Main drawback
Power-amplifier efficiency

(more users per cell)

Equalizer needed Rx Complexity

Not critical for uplink

The multi-antenna technique to use depends on what to achieve

Supported Frequency Bands

Spectrum Flexibility

1427

(less cells to cover a given area)

Cyclic-prefix
insertion

ITU:

Operation in differently-sized spectrum allocations

Core specifications support any bandwidth from 1.4 to 20 MHz
Radio requirements defined for a limited set of spectrum allocations

1525

1710

2025

2110

IMT

Mobile

2200

IMT

2300

2400

Band 34
Band 3

Band 33

2500

Band 38

Band 1

2690

IMT

IMT

Band 7

Band 40

General
bands

1710

1785 1805

1880

1980

2110

2170

2500

2570

2620

2690

Band 10
Band 4

1.4 MHz

3 MHz

5 MHz

6 RB (1.4 MHz)
10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

100 RB (20 MHz)

Band 2

Regional
bands

Support for paired and unpaired spectrum allocations

1850

1910

1930

Band 41

1990

2496

(Band 37)
Band 35
Band 36

with a single radio-access technology economy-of-scale

1850

Band 11 & 21 (Japan)

1910

1930

1990

Band 9 (Japan)
Band 39 (China)

Local
bands
Legend:
FDD

time

Half-duplex FDD
(terminal-side only)

time

TDD

time

Paired Uplink

Paired Downlink

Unpaired

2690

LTE Continuous Evolution

Supported Frequency Bands

698

960

IMT

ITU:

OFDM transmission

Band 8

General
bands

880

915

925

960

Multi-antenna support

ICIC

Dual-layer beamforming

Multi-antenna extensions

Positioning

Relaying

MBMS

Carrier Aggregation

data1
data2
data3
data4

Band 20

Channel-dependent scheduling

Regional
bands

791

821 832

Hybrid ARQ

862

Band 17
Band 13

Band 12

Band 5

Band 14

Bandwidth flexibility

824

849

869

FDD and TDD support

Rel-8

Rel-9

Rel-10

2008

2009

2010

894

Band 18 &19 (Japan)

Basic LTE functionality

Local bands
815

830

845

860

875

Enhancements & extensions

885

Further extensions
IMT-Advanced compliant

Legend:
Paired Uplink

Paired Downlink

HetNets

Relaying
Rel-10

Repeater
Possible already in Rel-8, simply amplifies and retransmits recevied signal

Relaying (added in Rel-10)

Relay = small base station connected to RAN using LTE radio resources
Mainly interesting if fibre/microwave backhaul is more expensive than using LTE
spectrum

What?
Low power nodes placed throughout a macro-cell layout
Heterogeneous Networks

Why?
High data rates dense infrastructure...but non-uniform user
distribution
Macro for coverage, pico for high data rates
How?

Relay cell
Donor cell

Conventional
Independent pico cells

Relay
Independent relay cells
Relay connected to macro

RRU
Remote pico antenna,
processing in macro
No new pico cells

The Wireless Evolution

More Reading
Open the 3GPP specifications...

Additional functionality and

capabilities

Improved performance
New application areas

...or read The Book!

Everything is connected

50 billion devices
Need for new business models?

Available in English, Chinese, Korean and Japanese.