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The patient is asked to stick out his tongue as far as possible without using force. If the patient
doesnt extend his tongue enough it will appear to be swollen, similarly if he uses too much force,
when sticking out his tongue, it will become narrower and reddened by the effort.
The patient should extend his tongue for no longer than 20 seconds, less is better. If the patient
extends his tongue too long, the tongue body will redden. In general it is wise to extend the
tongue for only a short time and then repeat the process.
If the Blood doesnt reach the tongue, the tongue gets pale. Because the Blood also moistens the
tongue it gets dry. Therefore a pale and dry tongue refers to Blood Deficiency.
Typically the tongue body is thin. If a pale and dry tongue has a thick tongue body, the thickness
of the tongue body points to Dampness.
If Qi doesnt reach the tongue, the tongue gets pale (just as with Blood Deficiency). With Qi
Deficiency the transformation of the body fluids is restricted. So Dampness occurs and the tongue
gets wet. Accordingly a pale and wet tongue points to Qi Deficiency.
If the tongue is extreme pale and wet, there is Yang Deficiency. In this case, signs of Cold
must exist.
Typically the tongue is thick. If a pale and wet tongue has a thin tongue body, the thin body points
to Blood Deficiency.
By a red tongue body color, the color is redder than the normal tongue. The
reddening varies between light red and dark red.
The red tongue body indicates a condition of Heat. The redder the tongue
body is the higher the Heat. This Heat can be deficient Heat caused by Yin
Deficiency or excess Heat. This excess Heat can be caused internally or externally by the
pathogenic factor Heat (e.g. with an infection).
The red tongue body is divided into the red and dry, the red and wet and the red without coating
tongue body.