International Telecommunication Union

ITU-T xDSL Standards

Study Group 15 Question 4

Stephen Palm Ph.D.

Principal Engineer

Broadcom

palm @ broadcom . com

ITU-T Workshop All Star Network Access
Geneva, 2-4 June 2004

Access Trend

ITU-T

V.34

V.90
G.961
ISDN

2004 June

Analog

Digital

Digital

Telco
Telco

Telco

G.99x
ADSL/SHDSL

Telco

G.993
VDSL

Telco

Analog

Analog

Digital

Digital

Fiber

Digital

33k

56k

64 ~ 128k

0.5 ~ 5M

5 ~ 20M
2

ITU Q4/15 Milestones

ITU-T

o 1997 First Meetings

o 1998 First Recommendation G.hsdl
o 1999 ADSL set of Recommendations
o 1999 G.vdsl initiated
o 2001 G.shdsl
o 2002 ADSL2
o 2003 ADSL2+
o 2004 G.vdsl and line code decision

2004 June

ITU-T xDSL Standards 1999

ITU-T

G.ref

(G.995.1)

xDSL standard overview

G.hs

(G.994.1)

xDSL Initialization
and Negotiation

G.hdsl

G.dmt

(G.991.1)

G.test (G.996.1)

G.ploam

Test loops and

crosstalk models

Operations, Administration,
and Maintence protocol

G.lite

(G.992.1)

Main Body
North America

Main Body

2004 June

(G.992.2)

Splitterless ADSL

Full rate ADSL

HDSL

(G.997.1)

Annex A

Annex B

North America
ADSL above POTS

Europe
Japan
ADSL above ISDN ADSL above POTS

Annex C

Annex A

Annex B

Annex C

FDM
ADSL above POTS

Echo canceller
ADSL above POTS

Japan
ADSL above POTS

ITU-T

Splitterless ADSL (G.992.2 / G.lite)

o G.lite (G.992.2) similar to G.dmt (G.992.1)
o Two distinctions for consumer market:
Splitterless operation
Power management states

o Splitterless:
No truck roll to install splitter at NID
But need fast retrain and possibly microfilters

o Although hot in 1999, majority of

deployments now use full-rate ADSL

2004 June

ADSL (G.992.1 - a.k.a G.dmt)

ITU-T

o Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line

o Downstream (to the subscriber) rates ~0.5

to 5 Mbps
o Upstream rates of approximately 100 to
500 kbps.
o For a 1 Mbps downstream rate, the range is
~ 5 km (depends on cable gauge)
o ADSL modulation (line code) = discrete
multitone (DMT).
o 3 Variants (Annexes) for North America,
Europe, and Japan
2004 June

xDSL Handshake - G.994.1

ITU-T

o Common activation (handshake) procedure

for all xDSL modems.

ADSL, VDSL, SHDSL, ANSI, ETSI, IEEE EFM

o Extremely robust modulation

Works on all lines even with bridge taps

o Forward compatibility for all new xDSL

modem standards.
o Higher layers can indicate service and
application requirements
Select most appropriate DSL.
Flexibly tailor the service bandwidth and latency.
2004 June

xDSL Support Recommendations

ITU-T

o G.996.1 (G.test) - testing procedures for DSL

modems.
Useful during manufacturer design and development.
Not procedures for installing DSL modems.

o G.997.1 (G.ploam) - physical layer management

protocol for ADSL systems.

Control data exchange on a sub-channel of the DSL
modems.
Uses a SNMP MIB to easily integrate with existing
network management systems.

o G.995.1 (G.ref) - provides a reference and

overview of the DSL family of Recommendations.

2004 June

ITU-T xDSL Standards 2004

ITU-T

Rec
G.991.1

Anx Decription
A Two Pair
B CAP Modulation

G.991.2

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

Requirements - North America

Requirements - Europe
Requirements - Japan
Signal regenerator
TPS-TC Framing
North America Rates to 5.696M
Europe Extend Rates
Warm Start

Feb-2001
Feb-2001
G.992.1 Anx H
Feb-2001
Feb-2001
Dec-2003
Further Study
Dec-2003

G.992.1

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

ADSL over POTS

ADSL over ISDN
ADSL near TCM-ISDN
State Diagrams
Spiltters
Performance - North America
Performance - Europe (minimal)
Symmetric near TCM-ISDN
Short ADSL near TCM-ISDN

Jun-1999
Jun-1999
Jun-1999
Jun-1999
Jun-1999
Jun-1999
Jun-1999
Oct-2000
Mar-2003

A
B
C
D
E

Non-overlapped spectrum
Overlapped Spectrum
ADSL near TCM-ISDN
Performance - North America
Performance - Europe

Jul-1999
Jul-1999
Jul-1999
Jul-1999
Jul-1999

G.992.2

2004 June

Date
Oct-1998
Oct-1998

Rec
G.992.3

Anx Decription
Date
Jul-2002
A ADSL2 over POTS
Jul-2002
B ADSL2 over ISDN
Jul-2002
C ADSL2 near TCM-ISDN
Jul-2002
D State Diagrams
Jul-2002
E Spiltters
Jul-2002
F Performance - North America
G Performance - Europe (minimal) Jul-2002
Jul-2002
H Symmetric near TCM-ISDN
Jul-2002
I All digital ADSL near POTS
Jul-2002
J All digital ADSL near ISDN
K TPS-TC functional descriptions Jul-2002
Apr-2004
L READSL2 over POTS
M ADSL system with extended upstreApr-2004

G.992.4

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

ADSL2 over POTS

void
ADSL2 near TCM-ISDN
State Diagrams
No spiltters
Performance - North America
void
void
All digital ADSL near POTS

Jul-2002
N/A
Further study
G.992.3
N/A
Further study
N/A
N/A
Jul-2002

Rec
Anx Decription
G.992.5 A ADSL2+ over POTS
B ADSL2+ over ISDN
C ADSL2+ near TCM-ISDN
D State Diagrams
E Spiltters
F Performance - North America
G Performance - Europe (minimal)
H Symmetric near TCM-ISDN
I All digital ADSL near POTS
J All digital ADSL near ISDN
K TPS-TC functional descriptions
L READSL2 over POTS

Date
May-2003
May-2003
Further study
G.992.3
G.992.3
Further study
Further study
Further study
May-2003
Further study
G.992.3
Further study

G.993.1 A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

Assymetric BandPlan
Symmetric BandPlan
Fx BandPlan
Requirements - North America
Requirements - Europe
Requirements - Japan
ATM-TC
PTM-TC
SCM

Nov-2001
Nov-2001
Nov-2001
Further study
Further study
Further study
Nov-2001
Nov-2001
Jun-2004

G.994.1

Handshake

Living

G.995.1

xDSL Overview

Living

G.996.1

Test Loops and Conditions

Living

G.997.1

Operations and Maintenance

Living

VDSL - G.993.1
ITU-T

o Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Lines

o Asymmetric and symmetric data rates as

high as 5 to 20 Mbps.
o Typically combined with fiber to the
curb/building access.
o Spectrum up to 12 MHz, so the length of
the copper loops must be shorter than
ADSL.
o Must overcome many ingress / egress
issues.
2004 June

10

VDSL Problems to Solve

ITU-T

o Application
o Assymetric vs Symmetric, rates
o Spectrum / Band Plans
o Line code

2004 June

11

VDSL Typical Rate/Range tradeoff

ITU-T

VDSL
service type
Asymmetric
Short
Medium
Long
Symmetric
Short
Medium
Long

2004 June

Reach
[km]

Down
[Mbit/s]

Up
[Mbit/s]

0.3
1.0
1.5

50
25
13

6.4
3.2
1.6

0.3
1.0
1.5

25
13
6.5

25
13
6.5

12

VDSL spectral issue

ITU-T

o Different providers

may want spectrally

incompatible services
o Unbundling is strongly
influenced by spectral
compatibility
o At higher frequencies,
signals in adjacent
wire pairs are strongly
coupled.

0.138

3.

5.1

D
0.138

U
3.75

U
7.05

12.

D
5.2

U
8.5

12

o Maybe Dynamic

2004 June

Spectral Management
(DSM) is the future?

13

VDSL Line Code Selection

ITU-T

Single Carrier (QAM)

Multi Carrier (DMT)

n-QAM modulated

up

down

f
fB

f = fB/N
frequency spectrum

o DMT Selected as the Line Code for VDSL2

o Compromise: QAM as an Annex to DMT Main

Body in VDSL1
January 2004; Publish July 2004
2004 June

14

G.shdsl - G.991.2
ITU-T

o Single pair high speed digital subscriber line

o Technology improvement of G.hdsl

(G.991.1) that will work on a single pair.

o Symmetric bit rates to 2Mbps (2001)
o New Extended bit rates to 6 Mbps (2003)

2004 June

15

Miscellaneous Q4/15 Projects

ITU-T

o G.voice
Channelizing Voice on xDSL

o G.selt
Single Ended Line Testing

o G.bond
Bonding multiple pairs together

o G.nm
Network Management

o G.pnt
Phoneline Networking

2004 June

16

Q4/15 Ongoing Work

ITU-T

o VDSL2
DMT only VDSL based on VDSL1 and ADSL2

o ADSL increments

2004 June

17

Calls to Action
ITU-T

o Regulators: Uniform regulations lead to

less variants worldwide

o Operators: Uniform requirements with
clear applications
o Standardizers: Reduce the options and
Annexes

2004 June

18

ITU-T

2004 June

19

xDSL Spectra
ITU-T

POTS
Upstream
Downstream
Mixed

ISDN
SHDSL
ADSL Annex A
ADSL Annex B
ADSL2 Annex M
ADSL2+ Annex A
VDSL

???

VDSL2
10K

100K

1M

10M

100M

Frequency Spectrum (Hz)

2004 June

20