Labial/

Buccal

Geometric
outline of
the crown
Outlines
of the
crown
and root

Surface
anatomy
of the
crown
and root

Trapezoid
Small uneven side cervically
Longer side occlusally
Crown outline
Mesial and distal : nearly concave
Mesial and distal cusp slopes: slightly concave
Cervical: convex root wise
Mesial contact area is at the junction of occlusal and
middle 1/3 while distally its located cervically
Root Outline
Mesial and distal outline of the roots tapered to a
pointed apex that curved distally
Elevations
Surface of the root is convex and smooth
Surface of the crown is convex with maximum
convexity at cervical 1/3 represented by cervical
ridge
The middle lobe is prominent buccally forming a
buccal ridge
Depressions
Shallow depressions were present mesial and
distal to the buccal ridge representing
developmental grooves which are due to the
complete union or fusion of the lobes.

Mandibular First Premolar

Palatal/
Lingual

Geometric
outline of
the crown
Outlines
of the
crown
and root

Surface
anatomy
of the
crown
and root

Trapezoid
Small uneven side cervically
Longer side occlusally
Crown outline
Mesial and Distal: convex Lingual cusp is short
and small reaching 2/3 of the crown length and has a
pointed tip
Cervical line is convex root wise
Root outline
Mesial and distal outline tapers to a pointed apex
that is curved distally
Elevations
Crown is convex with maximum convexity at
middle 1/3
Depression
The mesial lingual developmental groove can be
found on the ML line angle
Root is convex and smooth

Mandibular First Premolar

Mesial/
Distal

Geometric
outline of
the crown
Outlines
of the
crown
and root

Surface
anatomy
of the
crown
and root

Rhomboid
With narrow occlusal table
Lingual inclination well prominent
Crown outline
Buccal: convex with maximum convexity at cervical 1/3 represented by cervical
ridge
Lingual: convex with maximum convexity at middle 1/3
Cervical line curves occlusally (convex crown wise)and is decreased distally
Occlusal: the two cusps are not in the same level due to severe lingual inclination.
The buccal cusp is centred over the root while the lingual cusp tip is in line with
lingual border of the root
Root outline
B and L outlines are nearly straight cervically then tapers at middle or apical 1/3
towards a blunt apex
Elevations
Distal marginal ridge is straight at right angle to the axis of the tooth
Mesial marginal ridge is inclined from buccal to lingual surface, paralle to buccal
cusp ridge
Distal marginal ridge is more occlusal than mesial marginal ridge this is due to
the mesial side being contact with a canine cusp slope so it will be lower while
distal side is in contact with occlusal surface which is higher
Mesial and distal surfaces are smooth and convex except for areas cervical to the
contact area. This area is concave
Contact area:
Distal broader and more cervically and lingually located
Mesial junction of occlusal 1/3 and middle 1/3
Depressions
Mesial lingual developmental groove present at the junction of L and M surfaces
Root: Distal surface is more convex while mesial surface is smooth and flat with
deep developmental groove

Mandibular First Premolar

Occlusal

Geometric
outline of
the crown
Outlines
of the
crown
and root
Surface
anatomy
of the
crown
and root

Diamond Shaped
Crown Outline
Buccal: convex
Lingual Convergence is sharp - Mesial Lingual outline is slightly
curved, Distal Lingual outline is more convex
Root outline can not be seen
Elevations
Buccal Triangular Ridge linear elevation found on the
occlusal surface of the buccal cusp of posterior teeth.
Lingual triangular Ridge linear elevation found on the
occlusal surface of the buccal cusp of posterior teeth
Mesial and Distal marginal ridges linear elevation found on
the occlusal surface of the mesial and distal sides of the
posterior teeth
Transverse ridge linear elevation found on the occlusal
surface due to the union of 2 triangular ridges opposite to
each other
Depressions
Central developmental groove linear depression found on
the occlusal surface of posterior teeth representing the
complete union or fusion of lobes
Mesial and Distal triangular fossae small circumscribed
depression or concavity found on the occlusal surfaces of
posterior teeth mesial and distal to the marginal ridges
Mesiolingual developmental groove

Mandibular First Premolar

Mandibular First Premolar