GRAMMAR – SEMESTER 1 – INDOESNIAN NOTES (Alisa)

YEAR 8. Resources – OXFORD Indonesian Grammar Book & Bersama-sama.

1. Adverbs – Semester One

Adverbs are words that indicate such things as frequency, manner(how) and time. Can be inserted at
beginning or end of sentence.
Examples:
Lima kali seminggu (5 times a week), cepat-cepat (quickly), pelan-pelan (slowly), keras (loudly) setiap
malam (every night). Besok (tomorrow), hari ini (today), kemarin (yesterday), pagi ini (this morning),
malam ini (tonight).
Sentences:
Nina menulis cerpen (a short story) besok.
Stef naik sepeda lima kali seminggu.
Dana membaca buku mala ini.
Saya berjalan setiap malam.
Doktor memeriska (examining) pasien (patient) hari ini.

2. Adjectives – Semester One

A word that describes people, things or places.
Examples:
Besar, kecil, tua, muda, tinggi, pendek, panjang, gemuk, kurus, kuat, ganteng, cantik, jelek.
Setences:
Jana pendek.
Ibu saya tinggi.
Anjing saya kecil and muda.
Pohon itu besar.
Pak Jim ganteng.

3. Noun Phrases – Semester One

In Indonesian the noun comes before the other words or the processor (person it belongs to).
Examples:
Buku, apel, pena, meja, kursi, rumah, sepdeda, mobil, bola, anjing, ikan etc.
Patterns for using nouns are...
noun + possessor, noun + another noun, noun + adjective, noun + verb.
Examples:
Buku Nina Rumah Dana Topi biru Rumah makan
Ibu saya Perpustakaan sekolah Sepeda besar Kamar mandi
Anjing saya Lapangan sepak bola Rumah kecil papan silancar
Tas sekolah
 4. Pronouns – Semester One
Words that can substitute for nouns (instead of names)... Eg, I/my, his/her, they, we/our, their/they
Examples:
Saya, kamu, ibu/bu, bapak/pak, dia,kami,kita,mereka.
Possessive Pronouns:
Same as pronouns – the pronouns follows the noun (reverse of English).
Saya = I becomes = my Buku saya – My book.
Dia – nya = his/her Komputernya = her/his computer
Kami = we becomes = our (exclusive) Sekolah kami
Mereka = theybecomes = their Bola mereka
Kita = we becomes our (inclusive) CD kita
Kamu - mu = becomes your Rumahnya.

ACTIVITY - Quetions: Write the sentence using the correct pronoun:

(-Draw pictures on the board)
1. Their computer = Komputer mereka
2. His car = (mobil di) mobilnya
3. My book = Buku saya
4. Her ice cream = Es-Krim dia
5. Our house = Rumah kami
6. Mr. Jay’s pen = Pena Pak Jay
7. Your hat = (Topi kamu) topinya

5. Prepositions – Semester One

Usually placed before a noun (or pronoun). They include: on, in, at, to, before, around, after, from, along.
Basic prepositions: di (on, in, at) + ke (to) + dari (from)
Sentences:
Kucing di kursi. Ali ke bioskop. Julie berasal dari Melbourne.

After the basic preposition (like di) we can add another word to make the location more specific. Then
they are called compound prepositions.
Examples:
Di atas = on top, above Di dalam = inside
Di bawah = under, below Di luar = outside
Di belankang = behind Di sebelah = beside
Di depan = in front of Di dekitar = around, within the vicinity
Di dekat = near, close by Di sepanjang = along

ACTIVITY- Fill the gaps: give options... di dalam, di sebelah, dari, di atas, di sekitar, di bawah, di belakang.
1. Kopi saya _______________ meja. (on top)
2. Banyak ikan _________________ akuarium ini. (inside)
3. Bioskop ___________________ kantor pos. (beside)
4. Connor berasal ____________ Africa. (from)
5. Oh, es-krim __________________ ayam goreng. (behind)
 6. Ada banyak taman ___________________ rumah saya. (around)
7. Anjingnya ____________________ pohon mangga.(under)

6. Verbs – Semester One

Verbs are action/doing words and in Indonesian.
Examples:
BER-verbs
Bermain, berjalan kaki, berbelanja, belajar,
berenang, bersepatu roda, bersilancar.
ME-verbs
menonton, membaca, mendengarkan, melempar,
membeli, mencari, menari, menulis.

There are generally 2 types used...

Ber-verbs and Me-verbs. It refers to the prefix the word starts with. It is added to a base word.

BER-verbs
Most BER-verbs do not take an object after them (they are called intransitive)
- Dia belajar - Saya bersilancar
Sometimes it might refer to an obect/item
- Dia bermain sepak bola.
In everyday speech it is common to drop the BER prefix... you can say “Saya main sepak bola”.

ME-verbs
ME-verbs generally take an object after them (they are called transitive)
- Saya menonton televisi, saya mencuci mobil.
Sometimes the object will not be mentioned but it is understood there is an object from the meaning.
- Dia membaca (reading), Dia memasak (cooking)
Sometimes a ME prefix is dropped in everyday speech.

Tense/ Time indicators – worksheet to do...

To indicate when an action has taken place Indonesian uses particular words rather than altering the verb
as we do in English.
Examples:
Sekarang = now Dulu = previously Sedang = in the middle of belum = not yet
Sebulum = before Sesdudah = after Selama = during / for Sampai = until
Fill the gaps using the tense indicators above:
_(Dulu)__ Luke tinggal di Sydney. _(Sekarang)_ dia tinggal di Bandung. Dia _(sedang)_ mencuci mobil
tetapi dia _(belum)_ mengerjakan p.r. Ibunya akan pergi ke luar kota _(selama)_ tiga hari... dari tanggal
30 Juni _(sampai)_ 3 Juli. _(Sesudah)_ Luke menonton t.v. dia akan mendengarkan music. _(Sebelum)_
tidur Luke harus menggosok giginya.
Previously Luke lived in Sydney. Now he lives in Bandung. He is in the middle of washing the car but he has
not yet done his homework. His mum will go out of town for three days... from the 30 th June until the 3rd
July. After Luke watches t.v. he will listen to music. Before sleeping/bed Luke must brush his teeth.
SEMESTER TWO GRAMMAR:
Auxiliary verbs – Semester Two
Are words that complement the main verb. They appear before the main verb. They express aspect
(whether the action is in the process, completed, not yet done, or will be completed) and modality (such
as uncertainty, possibility or necessity).
Examples:
Aspect - sedang, belum, sudah, akan
Modality - bisa, boleh, harus, ingin, mau, mungkin, berangkali (probably), dapat (can/be able to)
Sentences:
Nini harus menulis cerpen besok
Doktor sedang memeriska pasien hari ini
Dana belum mengerjakan p.r.
Ana belum mencuci mobil
Jono sedang mendengarkan music