GSM Radio Network Features

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Dynamic BTS Power Control

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GSM Radio Network Features

BTS Power Control, Performance Gain

BTS power control will reduce the number of mobiles
experiencing a very low C/I ratio
In addition BTS power control:
Saves battery in the BTS (if the power supply to the BTS
has been cut off and the BTS is operating on battery power)
Reduces the risk of bad speech quality due to MS
receiver saturation

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GSM Radio Network Features

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General
Dynamic BTS Power Control is performed for Traffic channels
(TCHs) as well as for Stand alone dedicated control channels
(SDCCHs).
Power control of the SDCCHs is enabled with the switch
SDCCHREG.
All time slots on the BCCH frequency are transmitted on full power,
i.e. there is no Power Control of these time slots.

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GSM Radio Network Features

MS distribution

C/I Distributions
FHOP+BTSPC
FHOP+BTSPC+DTX

FHOP

Nothing

C/I
Acceptable C/I
FHOP
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Acceptable C/I
no FHOP
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GSM Radio Network Features

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BTS Power Control

BTS output power

MS received power

Maximum
allowed
power level

Minimum
allowed
power level

Regulation area
BTS output power

Path loss
MS received power

Base station output power (dashed) and MS signal strength (solid) versus path loss.
Quality is not taken into account.
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GSM Radio Network Features

BTS Power Control

Example of BTS output power versus

rxqual SS is not taken into account
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AMR Power Control

Separate regulation targets for MS/BTS Power Control

Only for AMR FR
AMR terminals use less power
AMR codec can handle the increased bit error

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GSM Radio Network Features

BTS Power Control, Measurement Procedure

Measurement report is sent

each SACCH period
(every 0.480 sec.)
th
g
en
str
al
n
sig ality
ink
n l nk qu
w
i
Do wn l
Do

Full

set 100 samples

12 samples

Sub set

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BTS Power Control, Measurement Procedure

DL quality
DL signal strength
BTS power level used
DL DTX indicator

BSC
BTS power order

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GSM Radio Network Features

BTS Power Control, Consists of Four Stages

Preparation of
input data

Filtering of
measurements

Every SACCH period

Calculation of
power order

Send power order

(REGINTDL)

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Step 1: Preparation of input data

Compensation for Frequency Hopping

SSTCH = SSM - (BSPWR-BSTXPWR +2*PLused ) / Nf
Compensation for down regulation
SS_COMP = SS TCH + 2* PLused

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GSM Radio Network Features

Step 2: Filtering of signal strength measurements

SSFILTERED (k) = b * SS_COMP(k) + a * SSFILTERED (k-1)

If SS_COMP(k) < SSFILTERED (k-1) then
L = SSLENDL else
L = SSLENDL * UPDWNRATIO / 100

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Step 2: Filtering and compensation of quality

measurements
Q_COMP = RXQUAL_dB + 2*Plused
RXQUAL_dB is the measured quality transformed to C/I (in dB)
according to a nonlinear mapping

QFILTERED (k) = b * Q_COMP(k) + a * QFILTERED (k-1)

If Q_COMP(k) < QFILTERED (k-1) then
L = QLENDL else
L = QLENDL * UPDWNRATIO / 100

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Relations due to non-linear rxqual to C/I mapping

QDESDL [dtqu]

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

rxqual

C/I [dB]

23

19

17

15

13

11

Example: If QDESDL = 35 then SIR = 15+(13-15)*0,5 = 14 dB

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Step 3: Calculation of power order

pui = i * (SSDESDL - SS FILTERED) + i * (QDESDL_dB - QFILTERED)

i = 1,2
QDESDL_dB is QDESDL expressed in C/I (in dB)
(pathloss compensation)
1 = LCOMPDL / 100
1 = QCOMPDL / 100
(quality compensation)
(pathloss compensation)
2 = 0.3
(quality compensation)
2 = 0.4

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GSM Radio Network Features

Step 3: Calculation of power order (AMR FR)

pui =

i * (SSDESDLAFR - SS FILTERED) +
i * (QDESDLAFR_dB - QFILTERED)

i = 1,2
QDESDLAFR_dB is QDESDLAFR expressed in C/I (in dB)
1 = LCOMPDL / 100
(pathloss compensation)
(quality compensation)
1 = QCOMPDL / 100
(pathloss compensation)
2 = 0.3
2 = 0.4
(quality compensation)

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Conversion of output data

The two power orders are calculated simultaneously and the one with
the highest value (minimum down regulation) is used:
pu = max(pu1 ,pu2 )
The power order is converted to PLused representation and transmitted
to the BTS:
PLused = Int(-pu/2 ) [0..15]
where PLused is the power level. PLused = 0 represents full power and
PLused = 15 represents 30 dB down regulation.

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GSM Radio Network Features

If the BSC does not receive the Measurement result from a BTS, the
power regulation is inhibited for that connection. At the same time the
REGINTDL counting is suspended. When a Measurement result is
received again, power regulation and REGINTDL counting are
resumed.
The signal strength filter will not be updated when signal strength
results (measured in the Measurement report) are missing. This means
that the output from the signal strength filter is held until the next value
is received.
Missing quality values in the Measurement report are set to the worst
possible value. This means that missing quality values are interpreted as
rxqual =7.
If information about the BTS power level used is missing in the
Measurement report, the missing values are set to the latest calculated
power order.

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Power order constraints

Dynamic power range limitation is applied if the unconstrained power
order is outside the dynamic range:

If the unconstrained power order is higher than BSPWRT,

the power order is set equal to zero.

The lowest allowed power order is given by the maximum of

a

BSPWRT - minimum output power for the BTS

-30

BSTXPWR - BSPWRMIN

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GSM Radio Network Features

Handover power boost

The coding of the handover command is NOT as robust as for
speech coding.
Handover command should therefore always be sent on maximum
power in order to maximize the handover performance.
With Handover power boost, the handover command is sent by the
BSC/BTS to the MS on highest possible output power.
When the handover power boost is triggered, normal regulation is
inhibited until the MS has received the handover command.
The BTS ignores all BTS or MS power orders sent by the BSC in
the serving cell until the MS has acknowledged the handover
command.

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Regulation procedure
When a TCH connection is set up, in some situations maximum
nonfigurative output power is always used, for example at:
assignment of a TCH.
assignment failure or handover failure.
intra-cell handover and subcell change.
inter-cell handover.

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GSM Radio Network Features

Multislot configuration
If the channel is a main channel in a multislot configuration, the
difference between the computed power order and the previous power
order must exceed a hysteresis of two dB before a new power order is
sent.
BTS power regulation on bi-directional channels is done independently
of the other channels.
For uni-directional channels BTS Power Control is activated without
starting normal power regulation. No Measurement reports will be
received for uni-directional channels. Instead the BTS power value of
the main channel is distributed to the uni-directionals in the multislot
configuration.
In a multislot configuration only the main channel is affected by the
handover power boost.

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Interactions with other features

The desired regulation performance can be achieved through a well balanced
combination of the following

the BTS Power Control parameters SSDESDLAFR, SSDESDL and

QDESDLAFR and QDESDL that set the limits for how close to the noise floor
(how low rxlev) and how high in interference (how high rxqual) down
regulation can be performed.
the quality compensation factor QCOMPDL and the path loss compensation
factor LCOMPDL
the intra-cell handover area defined by QOFFSETDL and QOFFSETDLAFR
the threshold triggering bad quality urgency handovers, QLIMDL and
QLIMDLAFR
the lengths of the locating quality filter QLENSD and the power control quality
filter, QLENDL.

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GSM Radio Network Features

Frequency Planning aspects

In order to utilize BTS Power Control in an optimum way, it is

preferable to use a dedicated BCCH band
In a network with tight reuse and if the BCCH carriers are allocated in
a continuous band, it is beneficial to use a more aggressive setting
than the recommended, e.g. by increasing QCOMPDL to 65

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Static behavior of the recommended parameter setting

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GSM Radio Network Features

Aggressive parameter setting towards quality

This setting is rather aggressive, also towards signal

strength and down regulation. Only parameter QDESDL
has been changed compared to recommended setting
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Aggressive regulation towards low rxlev

MSs with low signal strength also get down regulated

in case of good quality.
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GSM Radio Network Features

Moderate parameter setting

Only parameter QDESDL has been changed

compared to recommended setting
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Moderate parameter setting, more aggressive towards

down regulation.

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GSM Radio Network Features

Moderate parameter setting with path loss compensation

factor LCOMPDL set to10.

This results in a very aggressive behavior towards down regulation.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Value ranges and default values

Default
value

Rec. value

SSDESDL
QDESDL

-70
20

-90
30

SSDESDLAFR
QDESDLAFR
LCOMPDL
QCOMPDL

-70
20
70
30

-90(3)
40(3)
5
55

Value
range
-110 to 47
0 to 70
-110 to 47
0 to 70
0 to 100
0 to 100

REGINTDL

1 to 10

SSLENDL

3 to 15

QLENDL
SDCCHREG

8
OFF

3
ON

1 to 20
ON, OFF

BSPWRMIN
BSTXPWR

-20

-20

UPDWNRATIO
STEPLIMDL

200
OFF

300
OFF

-20 to +50
0 to 80
100 to
700
ON, OFF

Parameter name

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Unit
dBm
dtqu
dBm
dtqu
%
%
SACCH
periods
SACCH
periods
SACCH
periods

dBm
dBm
%

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Coefficients for the exponential filters used

Filter length L

Filter coefficient a

Filter length L

Filter coefficient a

0.1000

16

0.8660

0.3162

17

0.8733

0.4642

18

0.8799

0.5623

19

0.8859

0.6310

20

0.8913

0.6813

21

0.8962

0.7197

22

0.9006

0.7499

23

0.9047

0.7743

24

0.9085

10

0.7943

25

0.9120

11

0.8111

26

0.9152

12

0.8254

27

0.9183

13

0.8377

28

0.9211

14

0.8483

29

0.9237

15

0.8577

30

0.9261

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GSM Radio Network Features

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