Usm35x en

Ident-Nr.
48 001
Technical Reference and Operating Manual
USM 35X
Unfold this page. You will find an overview of the USM 35X function groups and operators controls.
This information will help you to quickly find your way through the operating manual.
This issue 01, 04/2005 applies to the following software versions:
with Data Logger option: V.01.21.3x
V.01.20.3x
USM 35X S
V.01.10.3x
USM 35X DAC
V.01.00.3x
USM 35X
Subject to change without notice.
Contents
First operation level
Changing the operation level:
Selecting the function group:

Selecting the function:
BASE
PULS
RECV
aGAT
bGAT
TRIG
MEM
DATA
AWS or
Second operation level
CAL
REF*
H Notes:
Third operation level
0-2
As a standard feature, the function

group REF can be changed over
to the function group AWS. With
the USM 35X DAC, there is also
the additional function group DAC/
JDAC; with the USM 35X S, the
function groups DAC/JDAC and
DGS are available.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
MEAS
MSEL
LCD
CFG1
CFG2
The character > after a function

indicates a double assignment.
Status symbols
Key functions
Symbol
Key
Description
* DGS or * DAC/
JDAC
Function
Display memory is enabled (freeze),

display is stored.
Switching the unit on and off
Data transfer active,

printing or remote control
Step size for gain setting
Battery indicator; appears with low battery

charge, batteries must be charged.
TOF is set to flank.
TOF is set to peak.
TOF is set to jflank.
Enlarged echo display over the entire

screen
T-CORR (transfer correction) function is

active
Printing or transferring data
Reference echo has been recorded
ATT-OBJ/ATT-REF function (sound

attenuation is active)
LED
Symbol
A
R
D
Storage (freezing) of screen display
Recording measured values, saving data
Changing the operation level

Description
Gate alarm
Function REJECT is active
Function DUAL (pulser-receiver
separation) is active
Selecting the function group
Selecting the function
Contents
1 Introduction ........................................ 1-1

1.1 Safety information ..................................... 1-2
Batteries ...................................................... 1-2
Software ...................................................... 1-2
Defects/errors and exceptional stresses ..... 1-3
1.2 Important information on
ultrasonic testing ...................................... 1-3
Preconditions for testing with
ultrasonic test equipment ............................ 1-3
Operator training .......................................... 1-4
Technical test requirements ........................ 1-4
Limits of testing .......................................... 1-5
Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement ...... 1-5
Effect of the test objects material .............. 1-5
Effect of temperature variations .................. 1-6
Measurement of remaining wall
thickness .................................................... 1-6
Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws ..................... 1-6
Flaw boundary method ................................ 1-6
Echo display comparison method ............... 1-7
Krautkramer USM 35X
1.3 The USM 35X family .................................. 1-8

The different instrument versions ................ 1-8
Special features .......................................... 1-9
1.4 How to use this manual .......................... 1-10
1.5 Layout and presentation in this
manual ..................................................... 1-11
Attention and Note symbols ...................... 1-11
Listings ..................................................... 1-11
Operating steps ......................................... 1-11
2 Standard package and

accessories ........................................ 2-1
2.1 Standard package ..................................... 2-3
2.2 Recommended accessories ..................... 2-5
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Contents
3 Initial start-up ...................................... 3-1

3.1 Power supply ............................................. 3-2
Operation using the power supply unit ........ 3-2
Operation using batteries ............................ 3-3
Charging the batteries ................................. 3-5
3.2 Connecting a probe .................................. 3-7
3.3 Starting the USM 35X ................................ 3-8
Switching on ................................................ 3-8
Reset .......................................................... 3-8
Information lines in the startup screen ........ 3-8
4 Principles of operation ...................... 4-1

4.1 Operators controls ................................... 4-2
4.2 Screen display ........................................... 4-3
Functions on the display ............................. 4-4
Other displays ............................................. 4-5
0-2
4.3 Keys and rotary knobs .............................. 4-6

Function keys ............................................. 4-6
On/Off key .................................................. 4-6
Special keys ............................................... 4-7
Rotary knobs ............................................... 4-8
4.4 Operational concept .................................. 4-8
Setting the functions ................................... 4-9
4.5 Important basic settings ......................... 4-10
Selecting the language .............................. 4-10
Selecting units .......................................... 4-11
Setting the date ......................................... 4-12
Setting the time ......................................... 4-13
4.6 Basic settings of the display .................. 4-14
Selecting the color scheme ....................... 4-14
Setting the lighting .................................... 4-14
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Contents
5 Operation ............................................ 5-1

5.1 Overview of the functions ......................... 5-2
Function groups first operating level ........... 5-3
Function groups second operating level ...... 5-3
Function groups third operating level .......... 5-4
5.2 Setting the gain ......................................... 5-5
Defining the dB incrementation for gain ...... 5-5
5.3 Adjusting the display range
(function group BASE) .............................. 5-6
RANGE (Display range) .............................. 5-6
MTLVEL (Sound velocity) ........................... 5-7
D-DELAY (Display starting point) ................ 5-7
P-DELAY (Probe delay) ............................... 5-8
5.4 Adjusting the pulser
(function group PULS) .............................. 5-9
DAMPING (Probe matching) ....................... 5-9
POWER (Intensity) ................................... 5-10
DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation) ............ 5-10
PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) ..... 5-11
Krautkramer USM 35X
5.5 Adjusting the receiver

(function group RECV) ............................ 5-11
FINE G (Fine adjustment of gain) ............. 5-12
dBSTEP .................................................... 5-12
REJECT .................................................... 5-12
FREQU (Frequency range) ........................ 5-13
RECTIFY (Rectification) ............................ 5-13
5.6 Setting the gates
(function groups aGAT and bGAT) ......... 5-14
Tasks of the gates ..................................... 5-14
aLOGIC/bLOGIC (Evaluation logic of
the gates) .................................................. 5-15
aSTART/bSTART (Starting points of
the gates) .................................................. 5-16
aWIDTH/bWIDTH (Width of the gates) ...... 5-16
aTHRSH/bTHRSH (Response and
measurement threshold of the gates) ........ 5-16
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Contents
5.7 Calibrating the USM 35X ......................... 5-17
Calibrating the display range ..................... 5-17
Choosing the measuring point ................... 5-17
Calibration with straight- and
angle-beam probes .................................... 5-18
Calibration with dual-element (TR)
probes ....................................................... 5-21
5.8 Measuring ................................................ 5-23
General notes ............................................ 5-23
5.9 Measurement of dB difference
(function group REF) .............................. 5-25
Recording a reference echo ...................... 5-26
Deleting a reference echo ......................... 5-26
Echo comparison ...................................... 5-27
5.10 Classification of welds
(function group AWS) .............................. 5-28
Rating of welds according to AWS ............ 5-28
5.11 Calculation of flaw position
(function group TRIG) ............................. 5-31
0-4
ANGLE (Angle of incidence) ................... 5-32

X-VALUE (X-value of the probe) ................ 5-32
COLOR ..................................................... 5-33
THICKNE (Material thickness) .................. 5-33
DIAMET (Outside diameter of the test
object) ....................................................... 5-33
5.12 Data saving
(function group MEM) ............................. 5-34
Storing a data set ...................................... 5-35
Deleting a data set .................................... 5-35
Deleting all data set .................................. 5-36
Recalling a stored data set ....................... 5-36
5.13 Dataset management
(function group DATA) ............................. 5-38
TESTINF (Storing additional
information) ............................................... 5-39
PREVIEW (Dataset preview) .................... 5-41
DIR (Dataset directory) ............................. 5-42
SETTING (Function list) ............................ 5-42
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Contents
5.14 Configuring the USM 35X for a test
application ............................................... 5-43
TOF (Selecting the measuring point) ......... 5-44
S-DISP (Zoomed display of reading) ......... 5-46
MAGNIFY (Gate spreading) ...................... 5-48
A-Scan (Setting the A-scan) ..................... 5-48
Configuring the measurement line ............. 5-49
Setting the display .................................... 5-50
FILLED (Echo display mode) .................... 5-51
VGA .......................................................... 5-51
SCHEME .................................................. 5-51
LIGHT (LCD backlight) .............................. 5-52
SCALE (Configuring the measurement
line) ........................................................... 5-52
5.15 General configuration ............................. 5-53
DIALOG (Selecting the language) ............. 5-53
UNIT (Selecting units of measurement) .... 5-54
BAUD-R (Baud rate for transmission) ........ 5-55
PRINTER (Printer for test report) .............. 5-55
COPYMOD (Assignment of the
Krautkramer USM 35X
TIME/DATE (Setting the time and date) .... 5-56

ANAMOD .................................................. 5-57
HORN ........................................................ 5-58
EVAMOD (Echo evaluation) ...................... 5-58
5.16 Other functions with special keys .......... 5-59
Freeze ....................................................... 5-59
Zooming the echo display ......................... 5-59
The key
............................................... 5-59
5.17 Status symbols and LEDs ...................... 5-60

Status symbols ......................................... 5-60
LEDs ......................................................... 5-60
5.18 Distance-amplitude curve
(only USM 35X DAC and USM 35S) ........ 5-61
DACMOD (Activating DAC/TCG) ............... 5-62
DACECHO (Recording reference curve) .... 5-63
T-CORR (Sensitivity correction) ................ 5-64
OFFSET (Distance of multiple DAC) ......... 5-65
Echo evaluation with DAC ......................... 5-65
key) ... 5-55

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Contents
5.19 Distance-amplitude curve according
to JIS Z3060-2002 (only USM 35X DAC
and USM 35S) .......................................... 5-66
DACMOD (Activating DAC according
to JIS) ....................................................... 5-67
DACECHO (Recording reference curve) .... 5-68
BOLDLI (Choice of a registration curve) .... 5-70
T-CORR (Sensitivity correction) ................ 5-70
OFFSET (Distance of multiple DAC) ......... 5-70
Echo evaluation with DAC ......................... 5-71
5.20 Evaluation according to the DGS
method (only USM 35X S) ...................... 5-71
Measuring with DGS ................................. 5-71
Selecting the DGS mode .......................... 5-73
Default settings for the DGS
measurement ............................................ 5-73
Recording the reference echo and
displaying the DGS curve ......................... 5-75
Evaluation of reflectors ............................. 5-76
Transfer correction ..................................... 5-78
Sound attenuation ..................................... 5-78
0-6
Locks, error messages ............................. 5-81

Validity of the DGS method ....................... 5-81
6 Documentation .................................. 6-1

6.1 Printing data .............................................. 6-2
Preparing the printer .................................... 6-2
Preparing the USM 35X .............................. 6-2
Printing ........................................................ 6-3
6.2 Documentation with UltraDOC ................. 6-4
7 Maintenance and care ....................... 7-1

7.1 Care of the instrument .............................. 7-2
7.2 Care of the batteries .................................. 7-3
Care of the batteries .................................... 7-3
Charging the batteries ................................. 7-3
How to handle alkaline batteries .................. 7-4
7.3 Maintenance .............................................. 7-5
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Contents
7.4 Recycling ................................................... 7-6
General view of the device .......................... 7-6
Materials for separate disposal ................... 7-8
Further materials and components ........... 7-10
Recycling data of master device ............... 7-12
8.6 Remote control .......................................... 8-9

Syntax and timing ..................................... 8-11
Functions and remote control codes ......... 8-17
Other remote control codes ....................... 8-24
Control codes for the rotary knobs/
function keys ............................................ 8-26
8 Interfaces and peripherals ................ 8-1

8.1 Interfaces ................................................... 8-2
8.2 I/O interface ............................................... 8-4
Contact assignment of the
LEMO-1-B socket ....................................... 8-5
9 Appendix ............................................ 9-1

9.1 Function directory ..................................... 9-2
9.2 EC declaration of conformity ................... 9-7
9.3 Manufacturer/Service addresses .............. 9-8
8.3 RS 232 interface ........................................ 8-6

Contact assignment of the Sub-D socket ... 8-6
9.4 Spare parts list ........................................ 9-10
8.4 RGB interface ............................................. 8-7
10 Changes ........................................... 10-1
8.5 Data exchange ........................................... 8-8

Connecting a printer or a PC ....................... 8-8
Activation of serial communication ............. 8-8
Printing data ................................................ 8-9
Krautkramer USM 35X
11 Index ................................................. 11-1

Technical Specifications
according to EN 12668-1
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Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Introduction
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
1-1
Introduction
Safety information
1.1 Safety information
Batteries
The USM 35X has been designed and tested according

to DIN EN 61 010 Part 1, 2002, Safety requirements for
electrical measuring, control and lab equipment, and
was technically in perfectly safe and faultless condition
when leaving the manufacturing works.
In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safe
operation, you should urgently read the following safety
information before putting the instrument into operation.
A Attention:
The USM 35X is an instrument for materials testing.
Any use for medical applications or other purposes
is not allowed!
The USM 35X may only be used in industrial environments!
The USM 35X is waterproof according to IP 66. The
USM 35X can be operated with batteries or a power
supply unit.
The power supply unit has the electrical safety class II.
1-2
For the battery operation of the USM 35X, we recommend the use of a lithium-ion battery. The operation
using alkaline batteries, NiMH or NiCad cells is likewise
possible. You should only use the products recommended by us for the battery operation.
You can charge the lithium-ion battery within the instrument itself or in an external battery charger. If you want
to use NiMH or NiCad cells, you have to charge them in
an external battery charger.
As soon as you connect the power supply unit to the
USM 35X, the battery power supply is interrupted. If a
lithium-ion battery is inserted, the charging process
starts automatically when you connect the instrument
to the mains supply. Please refer to chapter 3.1 on
power supply, and to chapter 7 on how to handle
batteries.
Software
According to the current state of the art, software is
never completely free from errors. Before using any
software-controlled test equipment, please make sure
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Introduction
Safety information
that the required functions operate perfectly in the intended combination.

If you have any questions about the use of your test
equipment, please contact your nearest representative
of GE Inspection Technologies.
Defects/errors and exceptional stresses

If you have reason to believe that a safe operation of
your USM 35X is no longer possible, you have to disconnect the instrument and secure it against unintentional reconnection. Remove the batteries if necessary.
A safe operation is e.g. no longer possible
if the instrument shows visible damages,
if the instrument no longer operates perfectly,
after prolonged storage under adverse conditions
(e.g. exceptional temperatures and/or especially high
air humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions),
after being subjected to heavy stresses during transportation.
1.2 Important information on

ultrasonic testing
Please read the following information before using your
USM 35X. It is important that you understand and observe this information to avoid any operator errors that
might lead to false test results. This could result in personal injuries or damages to property.
Preconditions for testing with ultrasonic

test equipment
This operating manual contains essential information on
how to operate your test equipment. In addition, there
are a number of factors which affect the test results. A
description of these factors would go beyond the scope
of an operating manual. The following list therefore only
mentions the three most important conditions for a safe
and reliable ultrasonic inspection:
the operator training
the knowledge of special technical test requirements
and limits
the choice of appropriate test equipment.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
1-3
Introduction
Important information on ultrasonic testing
Operator training
Technical test requirements
The operation of an ultrasonic test device requires a

proper training in ultrasonic test methods.
Every ultrasonic test is subject to specific technical

test requirements. The most important ones are:
A proper training comprises for example adequate

knowledge of:
the definition of the scope of inspection
the theory of sound propagation
the consideration of material properties
the effects of sound velocity in the test material
the determination of limits for recording and

evaluation.
the choice of the appropriate test method
the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces between different materials

the propagation of the sound beam
the influence of sound attenuation in the test object
and the influence of surface quality of the test object.
Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test results
with unforeseeable consequences. You can contact for
example NDT societies or organizations in your country
(DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or also GE
Inspection Technologies, for information concerning
existing possibilities for the training of ultrasonic inspectors as well as on the qualifications and certificates that can finally be obtained.
1-4
It is the task of those with overall responsibility for testing to ensure that the inspector is fully informed about
these requirements. The best basis for such information
is experience with identical test objects. It is also essential that the relevant test specifications be clearly
and completely understood by the inspector.
GE Inspection Technologies regularly holds specialized
training courses in the field of ultrasonic testing. The
scheduled dates for these courses will be given to you
on request.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Introduction
Limits of testing
The information obtained from ultrasonic tests only
refers to those parts of the test object which are
covered by the sound beam of the probe used.
Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied to
the untested parts of the test object should be made
with extreme caution.
Such conclusions are generally only possible in cases
where extensive experience and proven methods of
statistical data acquisition are available.
The sound beam can be completely reflected from
boundary surfaces within the test object so that flaws
and reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. It
is therefore important to make sure that all areas to be
tested in the test object are covered by the sound beam.
Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement

All ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are based
on a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measurement results require a constant sound velocity in the
test object. In test objects made of steel, even with
Krautkramer USM 35X
varying alloying constituents, this condition is mostly

fulfilled. The variation in sound velocity is so slight that
it is only of importance for high-precision measurements. In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals or
plastics, the sound velocity variations may be even
larger and thus affect the measuring accuracy.
Effect of the test objects material

If the test objects material is not homogeneous, the
sound may propagate at different sound velocities in
different parts of the test objects. An average sound
velocity should then be taken into account for the range
calibration. This is achieved by means of a reference
block whose sound velocity corresponds to the average
sound velocity of the test object.
If substantial sound velocity variations are to be expected, then the instrument calibration should be readjusted to the actual sound velocity values at shorter
time intervals. Failure to do so may lead to false thickness readings.
Issue 01, 04/2005
1-5
Introduction
Effect of temperature variations
Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws
The sound velocity within the test object also varies as

a function of the materials temperature. This can cause
appreciable errors in measurements if the instrument
has been calibrated on a cold reference block and is
then used on a warm or hot test object. Such measurement errors can be avoided either by warming the reference block to the same temperature before calibrating,
or by using a correction factor obtained from tables.
In present-day test practice, there are basically two

different methods of flaw evaluation:
Measurement of remaining wall thickness

The measurement of the remaining wall thickness on
plant components, e.g. pipes, tanks and reaction vessels of all types which are corroded or eroded from the
inside, requires a perfectly suitable gauge and special
care in handling the probe.
The inspectors should always be informed about the
corresponding nominal wall thicknesses and the likely
amount of wall thickness losses.
1-6
If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the

extent of the flaw, then the beam can be used to explore the boundaries of the flaw and thus determine its
area.
If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is larger
than the size of the flaw, the maximum echo response
from the flaw must be compared with the maximum
echo response from an artificial flaw provided for comparison purposes.
Flaw boundary method

The smaller the diameter of the probes sound beam,
the more accurately the boundaries (and therefore the
flaw area) can be determined by the flaw boundary
method. If, however, the sound beam is relatively
broad, the flaw area determined can substantially differ
from the actual flaw area. Care should therefore be
taken to select a probe which will give a sufficiently
narrow beam at the position of the flaw.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Introduction
Echo display comparison method

The echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smaller
than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g.
circular disc flaw of the same size. This is due, for instance, to the roughness of the surface of a natural
flaw, or to the fact that the beam does not impinge on it
at right angles.
If this fact is not taken into account when evaluating
natural flaws, there is a danger of underestimating their
magnitude.
In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrink
holes in castings, it may be that the sound scattering
occurring at the boundary surface of the flaw is so
strong that no echo at all is produced. In such cases, a
different evaluation method should be chosen, e.g. use
of the backwall echo attenuation in the evaluation.
The distance sensitivity of the flaw echo plays an important part when testing large components. Attention
should be paid here to choosing artificial comparison
flaws which are as far as possible governed by the
same distance laws as the natural flaws to be evaluated.
Krautkramer USM 35X
The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. This

sound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made of
fine-grained steel, likewise in many small parts made of
other materials. However, if the sound wave travels
larger distances through the material, a high cumulative
sound attenuation can result even with small attenuation coefficients. There is then a danger that echoes
from natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, an
estimate must always be made of the effects of attenuation on the evaluation result and taken into account if
applicable.
If the test object has a rough surface, part of the incident sound energy will be scattered at its surface and
is not available for the test. The larger this initial scattering, the smaller the flaw echoes appear, and the
more errors occur in the evaluation result.
It is therefore important to take the effect of the test
objects surfaces on the height of the echo into account
(transfer correction).
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1-7
Introduction
The USM 35X family
1.3 The USM 35X family
The different instrument versions
The USM 35X is a lightweight and compact ultrasonic

flaw detector especially suitable for
locating and evaluating material defects,
measuring wall thicknesses,
saving and documenting test results.
With its frequency range from 0.5 to 20 MHz and a
maximum calibration range of 10 m (steel), the USM 35X
is designed for use on large workpieces and in highresolution measurements.
The USM 35X is available in several versions which are

desgined for different applications:
USM 35X
Standard version for universal ultrasonic test applications.
USM 35X DAC
The multiple DAC curves and time-corrected gain
enable a field-oriented echo amplitude evaluation
according to almost all international test specifications.
USM 35X S
DGS evaluation mode in addition to multiple DAC
curves and TCG.
DGS curves are stored for all narrow-band singleelement probes; amplitude evaluation is carried out
either in dB above DAC curve or equivalent reflector
size (ERS).
Data Logger option
This option is available for all USM 35X versions and
is used for the recording and documentation of thickness readings.
1-8
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Introduction
The USM 35X family
Special features
low weight (2.2 kg including lithium-ion battery) and
compact size
waterproof instrument case with protection class
IP 66
long operating time (> 12 hours) by means of lithiumion battery with internal and external charging possibility
VGA interface for the connection of an external

monitor
color display of gates for an easier distinction
easily recognizable reflection geometry when using
angle-beam probes by the variation of A-scan or
background color at every deflection point
data memory: 800 data sets, including alphanumeric
description, documentation possibility via a printer
handy equipped with a non-slip, ratcheting prop-up

stand, also used as handle
increased calibration range: up to 9999 mm (steel),

depending on the frequency range
rotary knobs for direct adjustment of gain as well as

for changing the currently selected function
semiautomatic two point calibration
two independant gates for accurate wall thickness

measurements from the workpiece surface up to the
first echo, or between two backwall echoes, including
measurement on coated workpieces with a resolution
of 0.01 mm (up to 100 mm), referred to steel
magnify gate: spreading of the gate range over the
entire screen width
pulse repetition frequency variable in ten steps

to avoid phantom echoes when testing large
workpieces
choice of frequency range for the connected probe
signal display mode: full-wave rectification, positive
half-wave or negative halv-wave and radio frequency
display of 4 readings plus 1 reading zoomed in the
A-scan, user-configurable
5.7", 1/4 VGA-TFT color display to display the digitized signals (320 240 pixels, 115 86 mm )
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
1-9
Introduction
How to use this manual
1.4 How to use this manual

The present operating manual applies to all instrument
versions of the USM 35X. Differences in the functions
or setting values are always marked.
Before operating the USM 35X for the first time, it is
absolutely necessary that you read the chapters 1, 3
and 4 of this manual. They will inform you about the
necessary preparations of the instrument, give you a
description of all keys and screen displays, and explain
the operating principle.
The specifications/Technical Specifications according

to EN 12668-1 for the USM 35X family can be found in
the attachment at the end of this operating manual.
The Data Logger option, which can be applied to all
USM 35X versions, is described in a chapter of its own
at the end of the operating manual. All functions referring to the Data Logger and the tolerance monitor are
described here. At the same time, the standard operating manual applies to all other functions.
In doing this, you will avoid any errors or failures of the

instrument and be able to use the full range of instrument functions.
You will find the latest changes to this operating manual
in chapter 10 Changes. It describes corrections that
have become necessary at short notice and have not
yet been included in the general manual. If no corrections have become necessary, this chapter is empty.
1-10
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Introduction
Layout and presentation in this manual
1.5 Layout and presentation in

this manual
To make it easier for you to use this manual, all operating steps, notes, etc., are always presented in the
same way. This will help you find individual pieces of
information quickly.
Listings
Listings are presented in the following form:
Variant A
Variant B
...
Operating steps
Attention and Note symbols
Operating steps appear as shown in the following example:
A Attention:
The Attention symbol indicates peculiarities and special aspects in the operation which could affect the
accuracy of the results.
Loosen the two screws at the bottom.

Remove the cover.
...
H Note:
Note contains e.g. references to other chapters or special recommendations for a function.
Krautkramer USM 35X
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Standard package and accessories
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
2-1

This chapter informs you about the standard package
and the accessories available for the USM 35X.
It describes
accessories included in the standard package,
recommended accessories.
2-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Standard package
2.1 Standard package

Product code
Description
Order number
Ultrasonic testing kit

consisting of:
USM 35X
Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, basic version

with LEMO-1-TRIAX connectors
or
with BNC connectors
36 060
36 061
or
USM 35X DAC
Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC version

with LEMO-1-TRIAX connectors
or
with BNC connectors
36 062
36 063
or
USM 35X S
Krautkramer USM 35X
Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC/TCG and

DGS evaluation with LEMO-1-TRIAX connectors
or
with BNC connectors
Issue 01, 04/2005
36 064
36 065
2-3
Standard package
Product code
Description
UM 30
Transport case
AC power supply/battery charger
Operating manual in English
2-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Order number
35 654
102 163
48 001
Krautkramer USM 35X
Recommended accessories
2.2 Recommended accessories

Product code
Description
Order number
Operating manual in German
48 002
Operating manual in French
48 003
Operating manual in Spanish
48 004
Operating manual in Japanese
48 005
Operating manual in Chinese
48 006
LI-ION
Li-Ion battery NI2020, 10.8 V, 6.6 Ah
102 208
DR36
Battery charger for external charging

of the Li-Ion battery
35 297
NCA 1-6
6 NiCd cells, 3 Ah (alternatively to Li-Ion)
25 810
Energy 16
Desk rapid charger for external charging

of NiMH or NiCd cells
101 729
UM 32
Protection bag including neck strap
35 655
UD 20
PC cable, 25-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument)
32 291
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
2-5
Recommended accessories
Product code
Description
Order number
UD 31
PC cable, 9-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument)
34 943
UD 30
Seiko Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument)/9-pin (printer)
18 495
UD 32
Epson Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument)/25-pin (printer)
34 944
Adapter 25/9-pin for printer cable UD 19-1 on USM 35X
16 121
Serial-to-parallel printer cable (Patton Model 2029)

Adapter cable RS232 USB
35 838
UM 25
Analog cable, 8-pin Lemo plug (instrument), open ended 35 268
UM 31
VGA adapter for connection of an external monitor
35 653
UM 28 D
Option: Data Logger (retrofittable to all versions)
35 800
UM 200 W
UltraDOC data communication software for USM
35 024
U 100 W
UltraDOC
33 829
PZ-USM
Calibration certificate according to EN 12668-1
35 263
Epson LX
Matrix printer for mains operation, single sheet and

continuous stationary
17 995
Thermal printer for mains and battery operation
17 993
Seiko DPU
2-6
101 761
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Initial start-up
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
3-1
Initial start-up
Power supply
3.1 Power supply
Connecting the instrument
The USM 35X can be operated with an external power

pack adaptor or with batteries.
Connect the USM 35X to the mains socket-outlet using

the corresponding power supply unit. The plug receptacle is at the top left of the USM 35X.
You can connect the USM 35X to the mains supply

system even if it carries batteries. The battery power is
then automatically interrupted.
Push the Lemo plug of the power supply unit into the
plug receptacle until it snaps into place with a clearly
audible click.
Operation using the power supply unit

Mains connection
The power supply unit is delivered with two different

power cables for Euro and USA standard.
3-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Initial start-up
Power supply
When pulling off the Lemo plug, withdraw the metal

bushing on the plug first in order to release the lock.
The power supply unit is automatically set to any nominal voltage between 90 VAC and 240 VAC.
Lift the lid off upward. To the right in the open battery
compartment, you will see two springs and several
connection pins.
Operation using batteries

Use either a lithium-ion battery or 6 standard C-cells
(NiCad, NiMH, or alkaline cells) for the battery operation. We recommend the use of a lithium-ion battery. It
has a higher capacity and consequently ensures a
longer operating time of the instrument.
Inserting batteries
The battery compartment is situated at the instrument
back; the lid is fastened with 2 attachment screws.
Press the two attachment screws of the battery
compartment downward in order to loosen them.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Insert the battery into the battery compartment. To

do this, first press the right side of the battery
against the springs of the battery compartment.
Make sure that the socket on the right side of the
battery is connected with the connection pins in the
battery compartment.
Issue 01, 04/2005
3-3
Initial start-up
Power supply
Close the battery compartment and fasten the

attachment screws.
Checking the battery charge of lithium-ion batteries
The lithium-ion battery is equipped with a battery
charge indicator. The battery charge indicator is situated
at the front right of the battery. Four LEDs indicate the
charge level of battery. Check the battery charge before
inserting the battery into the instrument.
or
Insert the batteries into the battery compartment and
check the right polarity.
The number of LEDs that are on has the following

meaning:
4 LEDs battery charge 100 ... 76%
1 LED battery charge 25 ... 10%
1 LED flashing battery charge <10%
3-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Initial start-up
Power supply
H Note:
If the icon for low battery charge appears, you should
urgently close your test job and exchange the batteries.
You should take replacement batteries with you if you
aim to carry out measurements on site.
Charging the batteries

Press the button PUSH at the front side of the
battery. Four LEDs indicate the charge level of
battery.
You can charge the lithium-ion battery either directly in

the instrument or by means of an external battery
charger. You always need an external battery charger to
charge standard C-cells.
H Note:
You can also check the battery charge even if the battery
is located in the battery compartment of the instrument.
Internal charging
Requirement:
Battery charge indicator
Lithium-ion battery, order number 102 208
In the measurement line of the USM 35X, an inverted B

appears if the battery charge is low.
Power supply/charger unit, order number 102 163
Krautkramer USM 35X
If a battery is located in the instrument, the charging

process is started automatically when you connect the
plug-in power supply unit. You can carry out ultrasonic
inspections and charge a battery at the same time.
Issue 01, 04/2005
3-5
Initial start-up
Power supply
The charging time is 10 hours with a simultaneous ultrasonic inspection. If the instrument is not being used
for ultrasonic inspections, the charging time is 8 hours.
This charging time applies to ambient temperatures
from 25 to 30 C. Please take into consideration that
the batteries are not charged to their full capacity at
higher temperatures.
External charging
Lithium-ion batteries can be charged by means of an
external battery charger. We recommend the battery
charger with the order number 35 297. To charge single
NiCad or NiMH cells, you need the external desktop
battery charger with the order number 101 729.
The LED display on the plug-in power supply unit indicates the status of the charging process.
green LED
yellow LED
red LED
Status
off
flashing
off
no battery detected
off
flashing dark/bright
flashing bright/dark
charging at low power
off
on
off
quick charging phase 1
flashing dark/bright
off
quick charging phase 2
on
off
off
battery charged
off
off
temperature error, auto-reversible
off
off
on
csharging error, permanent
3-6
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Initial start-up
Connecting a probe
A Attention:
3.2 Connecting a probe

To prepare the USM 35X for operation, you have to
connect a probe to it. Any Krautkramer probe can be
used for the USM 35X, provided the appropriate cable
is available and the operating frequency is within an
adequate range.
If this is not taken into account, the consequence

would be a mismatching which may lead to considerable power losses or even to echo waveform distortions.
Receiver
Transmitter
The USM 35X is available with the probe connectors

LEMO-1-TRIAX or BNC.
The probe is connected to the sockets at the top right
on the instrument casing. Both connector sockets are
equally suitable (connected in parallel) for connecting
probes equipped with only one ultrasonic element (ultrasonic transducer) so that it does not matter which one
of the two sockets is used.
When connecting a dual-element (TR) probe (having
one transmitter element and one receiver element), or
two probes (of which one is transmitting and the other
one receiving), attention should be paid to connecting
the transmitter element to the right-hand socket (transmitter, marked with black circle at the rear of the instrument case) and the receiver element to the left-hand
socket (receiver, marked with red circle).
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
3-7
Initial start-up
Starting the USM 35X
3.3 Starting the USM 35X
Reset
Switching on
If any functions can no longer be operated after a warm

start, or if you want to reset the instrument to the basic
setup, then you should carry out a cold start by simultaneously pressing the
and the
key.
To start the USM 35X, press the switch-on key
The start display of the USM 35X appears; here you

will also see the current software version of the instrument. The instrument carries out a self-check and then
switches over to stand-by mode.
The cold start message Basic Initialization is displayed. The instrument is initialized and reset to its
basic setup (dialog language: English, for more details
on how to select the language, please refer to chapter 4).
The settings of all function values and the basic settings (language and units) are the same as before
switching-on of the instrument.
A Attention:
All saved data are deleted.
Information lines in the startup screen

You can enter two lines (each with up to 39 characters)
for information purposes in the startup screen. For this
use the remote function (codes I1 and I2, refer to chapter 8).
3-8
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Principles of operation
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
4-1
Operators controls
4.1 Operators controls

Special keys for
special instrument
functions
LED A: Gate alarm

R: Rejection
D: Dual on
Keys for selecting

a function
Rotary knob for

direct gain setting
Rotary knob for

direct setting of the
current function
Key for changing

the operation level
On/Off key
Keys for selecting a function group
4-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Screen display
4.2 Screen display

The USM 35X has a digital screen for the display of
A-scan in the normal mode
A-scan in the zoom mode

The zoom mode is activated using the key
H Note:
The screen display always shows the gain and the adjusted dB step value. All other functions are locked in
zoom mode.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
4-3
Screen display
Functions on the display

The names of the five function groups are displayed at
the bottom of the screen. The currently selected function group is highlighted.
Indicated at the right of the display, next to the A-scan,

are the functions of the corresponding function group.
The display of the functions disappears in the zoom
mode.
4-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Screen display
Other displays
The measurement line below the screen display shows
values of settings, measured values, and status indications. As an alternative, a scale can be shown here,
giving an overview of the echo positions.
H Note:
Every measurement value can also be shown in an
enlarged display at the top right corner of the A-scan
(setting in the function group MEAS, function S-DISP).
Amplitude height
Gate A (%)
H Note:
You can configure the four positions of the measurement line for set and measured values as required
(function group MSEL). Please refer to chapter 5.14,
section Configuring the measurement line on this subject.
Amplitude height
Gate B (%)
Sound path
Gate A
Status indicator:
TOF = Flank
Sound path
Gate B
Example of a measurement line

Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
4-5
Keys and rotary knobs
4.3 Keys and rotary knobs

Function keys
For changing between operation levels (below),
For selection of the function groups (below) and
For selection of the functions (right).
On/Off key
For turning the device on or off.
4-6
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Special keys
To directly activate individual instrument functions:
To choose the increment for the gain setting
To freeze the A-scan
To display a zoomed A-scan
To transfer the data
To record measured values and to save the data
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
4-7
4.4 Operational concept
Rotary knobs
The USM 35X is equipped with two rotary knobs.
The left-hand rotary knob enables you to directly set
the gain; the right-hand rotary knob serves for setting
the currently selected function.
The two rotary knobs enable both step-by-step and
accelerated settings. You can define a setting step by
step by slightly operating the rotary knob which will
snap into place at the next setting. To accelerate the
setting, operate the rotary knob continuously, i.e. at a
constant speed. This enables you to quickly bridge
great differences between the settings.
The USM 35X is an easy-to-use instrument. It has

three operating levels, and you can change between
them by pressing the
key. You will recognize your
currently active operating level by the number on the
separation line between the first and the second function group.
If the instrument is equipped with the Data Logger option,
a fourth operating level is added to the existing ones.
Each operating level contains five function groups.
First operating level
Second operating level
Third operating level
4-8
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operational concept
Setting the functions
The following functions offer a choice between coarse

and fine adjustment:
Shown below the A-scan are five function groups that

you can directly select using the corresponding
key.
The selected function group is highlighted and the corresponding four functions are displayed next to the
A-scan on the right. You can likewise directly select the
individual functions using the corresponding
keys.
Functions with double assignments
Some functions have double assignments. You will recognize the functions with double assignments by an
arrow (icon >) after the function name.
Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the corresponding key .
Function
RANGE
MTLVEL
D-DELAY
aSTART
aWIDTH
bWIDTH
S-REF1
S-REF2
ANGLE
THICKNE
DIAMET
Function group
BASE
BASE
BASE
aGAT
aGAT
bGAT
CAL
CAL
TRIG
TRIG
TRIG
For more details on the adjustment possibilities, please

read from page 5-5 onward.
Coarse and fine adjustment of functions

You can choose between coarse and fine adjustment
for some functions. You can toggle between these two
adjustment modes by pressing the corresponding
key several times. The fine adjustment is identified
by an asterisk preceding the function value.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
4-9
Important basic settings
4.5 Important basic settings

Selecting the language
Select the language in which the function names should
be displayed on the screen in the function DIALOG
(Function group CFG1). The following languages are
available:
German
English (default setting)
French
Italian
Spanish
Portuguese
Dutch
Swedish
Slovenian
Romanian
Finnish
Czech
Danish
Hungarian
Croatian
4-10
Russian
Slovakian
Norwegian
Polish
Japanese
H Note:
More dialog languages can be added on request.
If necessary, go to the third operating level.
In the function group CFG1 select the function
DIALOG.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
H Note:
Double assignment of the function DIALOG/UNIT
(icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly
pressing the corresponding key .
Select the required language by means of the righthand rotary knob.
Selecting units
In the function UNIT (function group CFG1) you can
choose your favorite units between mm or inch.
H Note:
In the function group CFG1 select the function UNIT.
Double assignment of the function DIALOG/UNIT

(icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly
pressing the corresponding key .
Set the required unit by means of the right-hand
rotary knob.
A Attention:
Select your units immediately when you start working
with the USM 35X because if you change the unit, all
the current settings are deleted, and the basic setup is
loaded again.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
4-11
In order not to delete anything by accident, a safety

prompt is displayed in the measurement line.
If you are sure that you want to change the unit,
press the
key belonging to the function UNIT one
more time.
If necessary, change to the third operation level.

Select the function DATE in the function group
CFG2.
The unit is now changed, the current data are

deleted.
If you want to abort the process, press any other
key. The previous setting is kept in that case.
Setting the date

The date is saved together with the test results. You
can set it in the function DATE (function group CFG2).
A Attention:
Please take into account that the USM 35X only indicates the year with two digits.
You should always make sure that you use correctly
set values of date. Test results may otherwise be falsified.
4-12
H Note:
Double assignment of the function DATE/TIME (icon >).
Use the left-hand rotary knob to select the value that
you want to vary, e.g. the day.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to vary the selected
value.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Setting the time

The function TIME (function group CFG2) serves for
setting the current hour of time. It is saved together
with the test results.
A Attention:
You should always make sure that you are using the
correct time settings. Test results may otherwise be
falsified.
Dont forget to manually set the time when changing
from winter to summer time.
Select the function TIME in the function group CFG2.
H Note:
Use the left-hand rotary knob to select the value that
you want to vary, e.g. the hour.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to vary the selected
value.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
4-13
Basic settings of the display
4.6 Basic settings of the display

The equipment of the USM 35X includes a high-resolution color display. You can optimize the display settings
to your individual viewing habits and to the operational
environment.

Select the function SCHEME in the function group
LCD.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to choose the required
color scheme.
Selecting the color scheme
Setting the lighting
You can use the function SCHEME (function group

LCD) to choose one of four color schemes. The color
scheme determines the color of all displays and that of
the background. You cannot vary the colors of gates
because they are fixed as follows:
Use the function LIGHT (function group LCD) to set the

display lighting. You can choose between the default
lighting max. and a lighting in the economy mode min..
Gate A red
Gate B green
The economy mode reduces the current consumption

and consequently increases the operating time in battery operation.
Gate C blue
H Note:
Select the function LIGHT in the function group LCD.
All color schemes are suitable for indoor use. For outdoor use, we recommend the color schemes 3 and 4.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the required

lighting.
4-14
H Note:
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-1
Operation
Overview of the functions
5.1 Overview of the functions

The functions of the USM 35X are combined to form
function groups on three operating levels.
If the instrument has the option Data Logger, there is an
additional fourth operation level.
Press the
levels.
key to change between the operating
Press the
above it.
key to select the function group shown
Each operating level contains five function groups. You

will recognize your currently active operating level by
the number on the separation line between the first and
the second function group.
First operating level
Second operating level
Press the
key to select the function shown next
to it. The setting of the selected function is carried
out via the right-hand rotary knob.
Third operating level
The gain function is always directly available via the

left-hand rotary knob.
H Note:
You can carry out important functions (switch on/off,

dB-step, freeze, zoom and report printout) by pressing
the special keys (ref. chapter 4).
If the instrument is equipped with the Data Logger option, a fourth operating level is added. For this, refer to
the corresponding chapter Option Data Logger.
You will also find an overview of the function groups

and their functions on the fold-out page.
5-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Function groups first operating level
Function groups second operating level
BASE
The functions that you find here are required for the basic adjustment of the
screen displays.
CAL
This function group makes functions for the

semiautomatic calibration available to you.
REF
PULS
Combined in this group are the functions

that serve for the adjustment of pulser.
This function group serves for measuring

the dB difference between a reference
echo and the reflector echo.
RECV

that serve for the adjustment of receiver.
aGAT
All functions for setting the gate A can be

found in this group.
bGAT
All functions for setting the gate B can be

found in this group.
or
AWS
This is where you will find all functions for

the classification of flaws in welds according to the AWS D1.1 specification.
or
DAC
This is the function group where you can

set the functions for the DAC (only
USM 35X DAC and USM 35X S).
or
Krautkramer USM 35X
JDAC
The DAC functions in this function group

are modified to allow for a flaw evaluation
according to JIS (Japanese Industrial
Standard) Z3060-2002 (only USM 35X DAC
and USM 35X S).
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-3
Operation
or
Function groups third operating level
DGS
This function group serves for the amplitude evaluation according to the DGS
method (only USM 35X S).
MEAS
TRIG

required for angle beaming using anglebeam probes for the display of a (reduced)
projection distance and depth position of a
reflector (for plane-parallel and circular
curved test components).
In this group, you can define the measuring

point, select a parameter for the zoomed
measured-value display in the A-scan as
well as for the setting of the Magnify function, and you can select different settings
for the A-scan.
MSEL
This is where you configure your measurement line. You can choose one display for
each of the four positions.
LCD
This is the function group where you can

set the LCD contrast and backlight as well
as the echo display mode on the screen.
CFG1
Functions for the configuration: unit, dialog

language, printer driver and assignment of
the
key
CFG2
Other functions for configuration: time and

date, alarm horn; plus the changeover
between the evaluation modes
MEM
These functions serve for storing, loading

and deleting of data sets.
DATA
The functions of this group serve for the

dataset management and documentation.
5-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Setting the gain
5.2 Setting the gain
Defining the dB incrementation for gain
This function, operated via the left-hand rotary knob,

enables you to quickly and directly set the gain.
You can use the

key to select a certain incrementation for setting the gain. You have a choice between
6 steps:
You can use the gain to adjust the required sensitivity

in order to control the echo amplitudes.
0.0 dB (locked)
Turn the left-hand rotary knob to set the gain. The

current gain is indicated in the top left corner of the
screen.
1.0 dB
0.5 dB
2.0 dB
6.0 dB
6.5 20.0 dB
H Note:
The setting 0.0 dB locks the gain in this way preventing
any accidental change of setting.
You can determine the step size of the sixth step using
the function dBSTEP in the function group RECV.
Press
to change between the six steps.
The corresponding step size setting is indicated
below the current gain on the screen.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-5
Operation
Adjusting the display range (function group BASE)
5.3 Adjusting the display range

(function group BASE)
The function group BASE enables you to make the
basic adjustment of the display range. The display on
the screen must be adjusted for the material to be tested (function MTLVEL) and for the probe used (function
P-DELAY).
If required, go to the first operating level.
Select the function group BASE.
H Note:
In order to accurately adjust the material velocity and
the probe delay, please read the section Calibrating the
USM 35X, chapter 5.7, beforehand.
RANGE (Display range)

You can adjust the range for your measurement in
RANGE.
Coarse adjustment:
from 0.5 mm ... 1400 (9999) mm in even steps
Fine adjustment:
up to 9.99 mm in steps of 0.01 mm
up to 99.9 mm in steps of 0.1 mm
up to 999 mm in steps of 1 mm
H Note:
The adjustment range for the display range depends on
the frequency range setting (function FREQU in function group RECV).
5-6
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Frequency range
0.2 to 1 MHz
0.5 to 4 MHz
0.8 to 8 MHz
2 to 20 MHz
Adjustment range (c = 5920 m/s)

0.5 to 9999 mm/0.02" to 390"
0.5 to 9999 mm/0.02" to 390"
0.5 to 1420 mm/0.02" to 50"
0.5 to 1420 mm/0.02" to 50"
Select the function RANGE.

If required, toggle between coarse and fine adjustment.
Fine adjustment
1000 ... 15000 in steps of 1 m/s
A Attention:
Always ensure that the function MTLVEL is correctly
set. The USM 35X calculates all range and distance
indications on the basis of the value adjusted here.
Select the function MTLVEL.
Adjust the required value by means of the right-hand

rotary knob.
MTLVEL (Sound velocity)

rotary knob.
Use MTLVEL to set the sound velocity within the test

object. You can use sound velocities between 1000 and
15000 m/s.
D-DELAY (Display starting point)
Coarse adjustment, in steps as follows (m/s):

15000
9000
5000
2000
14000
8000
4000
1600
13000
7000
3250
1450
12000
6320
3130
1000
11000
6000
3000
10000
5920
2730
Krautkramer USM 35X
Here you can choose whether to display the adjusted

range (for example 250 mm) starting from the surface
of the test object, or in a section of the test object
starting at a later point. This allows you to shift the
complete screen display and consequently also the
display zero.
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-7
Operation
If the display should for example start from the surface of

the test object, the value in D-DELAY must be set to 0.
Coarse adjustment
10 mm ... 1024 mm/0.3" ... 40" in even steps
Fine adjustment
up to 99.9 mm/9.999" in steps of 0.01 mm/0.001"
up to 1024 mm/10" in steps of 0.1 mm/0.001"
P-DELAY (Probe delay)

Every probe has a delay line between the transducer
element and the coupling face. This means that the
initial pulse must first pass through this delay line before the sound wave can enter the test object. You can
compensate for this influence of the delay line in the
function P-DELAY.
Select the function D-DELAY.
H Note:
If the value for P-DELAY is not known, read the section

Calibrating the USM 35X, chapter 5.7, in order to determine this value.
Adjust the value for the display starting point by

means of the right-hand rotary knob.
Select the function P-DELAY.

Adjust the value for the probe delay by means of the
right-hand rotary knob.
5-8
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Adjusting the pulser (function group PULS)
5.4 Adjusting the pulser

(function group PULS)
DAMPING (Probe matching)
You will find all functions for the adjustment of the pulser in the function group PULS.
Select the function group PULS.
This function serves for matching the probe. You can

use it to adjust the damping of the probes oscillating
circuit and to consequently change the height, width
and resolution of the echo display.
low
This setting has a lower damping effect and produces higher and broader echoes.
high
This setting reduces the echo height but mostly also
produces narrow echoes with higher resolution.
Select the function DAMPING.
Set the required value by means of the right-hand
rotary knob.
Krautkramer USM 35X
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5-9
Operation
POWER (Intensity)
DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation)
Use the function POWER to set the pulser voltage. You

can choose between two settings:
You can use the function DUAL to activate the pulserreceiver separation.
high high voltage

low low voltage
off
Single-element operation; the probe connection
sockets are connected in parallel.
The setting high is recommended for all inspections in

which maximum sensitivity is important, e.g. for the
detection of small flaws. Choose the setting low for
broadband probes or if narrow echoes are required (better lateral resolution).
on
Dual mode for the use with dual-element (TR) probes;
the left-hand socket (red) is connected with the
amplifier input whereas the initial pulse is available at
the right-hand socket (black).
Select the function POWER.
through
Through-transmission mode for the use with two
separate probes; the receiver is connected with left
(red), the pulser is connected with right (black).

setting.
Select the function DUAL.

setting.
If the DUAL function is active, the LED D (dual) is on.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
PRF-MOD(Pulse repetition frequency)

The pulse repetition frequency indicates the number of
times an initial pulse is triggered per second. You can
determine whether you need the highest possible PRF
value, or whether you are satisfied with a low value. You
have 10 steps available for the setting; step 1 means
the lowest PRF value.
The larger your workpiece, the smaller PRF values are
needed in order to avoid phantom echoes. In the case
of smaller PRF values, however, the A-scan update
rate becomes lower; for this reason, high values are
required if a workpiece should be scanned fast.
5.5 Adjusting the receiver

(function group RECV)
You will find all functions for the adjustment of the pulser in the function group RECV.
Select the function group RECV.
The best way to determine the suitable PRF value is by

experimenting: start from the highest step and reduce
the value until there are no more phantom echoes.
Select the function PRF-MOD.
rotary knob.
H Note:
Double assignment of the function FINE G/dBSTEP
(icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the corresponding key .
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-11
Operation
Adjusting the receiver (function group RECV)
FINE G (Fine adjustment of gain)
REJECT
This function serves for the fine adjustment of the current gain value. The fine adjustment is possible over a
range of 40 steps within the range of approx. 4 dB. The
displayed gain value will not change.
The function REJECT allows you to suppress unwanted

echo indications, for example structural noise from your
test object.
Adjustment range: 10 ... +30

Select the function FINE G.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the value for
the fine gain.
dBSTEP
Use this function to set a step size for the gain variation by means of the key . The value set here is
subsequently available to you as the sixth step for the
stepwise gain variation. You have a free choice of the
value within the setting range.
The % screen height setting indicates the minimum

height that the echoes should attain in order for them to
be displayed on the screen at all. The Reject setting
cannot be higher than the lowest threshold setting
(minus 1 %) of any gate.
A Attention:
You should handle this function with great caution, as it
may of course happen that you suppress echoes from
flaws as well. Many test specifications expressly forbid
using the reject function.
Select the function REJECT.
Setting range: 6.5 ... 20 dB
Set the required percentage value by means of the

right-hand rotary knob.
Select the function dBSTEP.
The LED R is therefore lit with active REJECT function.
Set the value for the gain by means of the right-hand

rotary knob.
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Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Adjusting the receiver (function group RECV)
FREQU (Frequency range)
RECTIFY (Rectification)
In this function, you can adjust the operating frequency

according to the frequency of your probe.
You can select the rectification mode of the echo pulses according to your application in the function RECTIFY. You have the following options to choose from:
You have a choice between four frequency ranges:

full-w (= full-wave)
All half-waves are displayed above the baseline.
0.2 ... 1 MHz

0.5 ... 4 MHz
pos hw (= positive half-wave)

Only positive half-waves are displayed.
0.8 ... 8 MHz
neg hw (= negative half-wave)

Only negative half-waves are displayed.
2 ... 20 MHz
Select the function FREQU.
rotary knob.
rf (= radio frequency)
Only applies to the display range up to 50 mm (steel).
Select the function RECTIFY.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the required
setting.
Krautkramer USM 35X
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5-13
Operation
Setting the gates (function groups aGAT and bGAT)
5.6 Setting the gates

(function groups aGAT
and bGAT)
H Note:
If you have an instrument equipped with the Data Logger
option at your disposal, youll be additionally able to use
the C gate including all corresponding functions.
All functions for setting the (dual) gate are arranged in

the function group aGAT and bGAT.
Select the function group aGAT or bGAT.
Tasks of the gates

It monitors the range of the test object where you
expect to detect a flaw. If an echo exceeds or falls
below the gate, an alarm signal is output via the
LED A.
The gates A and B are independant of one another.
Gate A can also have the function of an echo-start
gate.
The gate chooses the echo for the digital time-offlight or amplitude measurement. The measured
value is indicated in the measurement line.
H Note:
Error alarms can be triggered unter certain circumstances. These are caused by intermediate conditions
in instrument operation occuring when the instrument is
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
used, i.e. when function parameters are changed. Possible alarms occuring during instrument operation
(setting of functions) are to be ignored.
Display of gates
To make the assignment easier, the gates are displayed
in different colors. You cannot vary the colors of gates
because they are fixed as follows:
Gate A red
Gate B green
pos Coincidence
The alarm (LED A) is on if the preset response
threshold of the gate is exceeded within the displayed range.
neg Anticoincidence
The alarm (LED A) is on if the preset response
threshold of the gate is not reached within the
displayed range.
a trig Triggering by interface echo
When using gate A as echo-start gate (setting of the
evaluation logic for gate B)
Gate C blue
Select the function aLOGIC or bLOGIC.
aLOGIC/bLOGIC
(Evaluation logic of the gates)
Set the required alarm logic by means of the righthand rotary knob.
This function allows you to choose the method for triggering the gate alarm. The alarm is output to the LED A
on the front panel of the USM 35X. There are four setting options available:
Krautkramer USM 35X
off Evaluation logic off

The alarm and measurement capability are switched
off. The gate is not visible.
H Note:
The alarm and measurement function of the gates is
only active within the display range.
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Operation
aSTART/bSTART
(Starting points of the gates)
aTHRSH/bTHRSH (Response and measurement threshold of the gates)
You can fix the starting point of the gates A or B within

the adjustment range of 0 ... 9999 mm/250".
You can determine the threshold value of the gates within

the range of 10 to 90 % screen height for triggering the
LED alarm if this value is exceeded or not reached, depending on the setting of the aLOGIC/bLOGIC function.
In the RF mode, the threshold can be additionally set
from 90 % to 10 %.
Select the function aSTART or bSTART.

Uuse the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the required
setting.
Select the function aTHRSH or bTHRSH.

Set the required value using the right-hand rotary
knob.
aWIDTH/bWIDTH (Width of the gates)

You can determine the gate width within the range of
0.2 ... 9999 mm/0.008 ... 250".
Select the function aWIDTH or bWIDTH.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the required
value.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Calibrating the USM 35X
5.7 Calibrating the USM 35X
Choosing the measuring point
Calibrating the display range

Before working with the USM 35X, you have to calibrate the instrument: you have to adjust the material
velocity and display range and allow for the probe delay
depending on the material and dimensions of the test
object.
To ensure a safe and proper operation of the USM 35X,
it is necessary that the operator be adequately trained
in the field of ultrasonic testing technology.
Below you will find some examples of common calibration methods for certain test tasks. In addition, the
USM 35X has a semiautomatic calibration function
which is described as Case B: With unknown material
velocity.
Krautkramer USM 35X
The sound path measurement in the calibration process

or in the subsequent echo evaluation process depends
on the choice of the measuring point which can be set
either to flank, to jflank or to peak in the USM 35X. In
principle, the peak measurement should be preferred
because the measured distances do not depend on the
echo height in that case. However, there are application
cases in which the flank measurement is either specified, or it must be applied for technical reasons, e.g. in
many tests using dual-element (TR) probes.
A Attention:
In any case, the setting of the measuring point must
always be identical for the calibration and for the subsequent test application. Otherwise measurement errors
might occur.
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Operation
Calibration with straight- and

angle-beam probes
Example:
You are carrying out the calibration for the calibration
range of 100 mm/5" via the function group BASE using
the calibration block V1 (thickness 25 mm/1") which is
laid flatwise.
Case A: With known material velocity

Calibration process
Set the known material velocity in MTLVEL (function
group BASE).
Couple the probe to the calibration block.
Set the required display range in RANGE (function
group BASE). The calibration echo must be displayed on the screen.
Position the gate on one of the calibration echoes
until the sound path of the echo is indicated in the
measurement line.
After this, change the adjustment of the function
P-DELAY (function group BASE) until the correct
sound path for the selected calibration echo is
indicated in the measurement line.
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Set RANGE to 100 mm/5".

Set the known material velocity of 5920 m/s
(233 "/ms) in MTLVEL.
Set the gate so that it is positioned on the first
calibration echo (from 25 mm/1").
Read the sound path in the measurement line. If this
value is not equal to 25 mm/1", change the adjustment for the function P-DELAY until it is at 25 mm/1".
This completes the calibration of the USM 35X to the
material velocity of 5920 m/s (233 "/ms) with a calibration range of 100 mm/5" for the probe used.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Case B: With unknown material velocity
Calibration process
Use the semiautomatic calibration function of the

USM 35X via the function group CAL for this calibration
case.
Set the required display range in RANGE (function

group BASE). The two calibraion echoes selected
must be displayed on the screen. Set the range so
that the second calibration echo is located on the
right edge of the screen.
Select the function group CAL.
Enter the distances of the two calibation echoes in
S-REF1 and S-REF2.
Position the gate (function aSTART) on the first
calibration echo.
Press
The distances between 2 calibration echoes must be

entered as default data. The USM 35X will then carry
out a plausibility check, calculate the material velocity
and the probe delay, and automatically set the parameters.
The recording of the first calibration echo is confirmed by the message Echo is recorded, and the
function CAL indicates the value 1.
Move the gate to the second calibration echo.
Press
Krautkramer USM 35X
to record the first calibration echo.
Issue 01, 04/2005
to record the second calibration echo.
5-19
Operation
The correct calibration is confirmed by the message

Calibration is done.
The USM 35X will now automatically determine the
sound velocity and the probe delay and set the corresponding functions accordingly. The value of the function CAL jumps back to 0.
Example
Enter the distances (thicknesses) of the two calibration lines S-REF1 (20 mm) and S-REF2 (40 mm).
H Note:
If the instrument is not able to carry out any valid calibration on the basis of the input values and the echoes
recorded, a corresponding error message is displayed.
In that case, please check the values of your calibration lines and repeat the process of recording the calibration echoes.
5-20
Position the gate on the first calibration echo.

Press
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Position the gate on the second calibration echo:
Calibration with dual-element (TR) probes

Dual-element (TR) probes are especially used for wall
thickness measurement. The following peculiarities
must be taken into account when using these probes:
Echo flank
Press
The second echo is stored, the calibration is carried

out, and the CAL function is reset to 0. The valid calibration is briefly confirmed and carried out.
If you select the function group BASE, you can read
the material velocity and probe delay.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Most dual-element (TR) probes have a roof angle

(transducer elements with inclined orientation toward
the test surface). This causes mode conversions both
at beam index (sound entry into the material) and at the
reflection from the backwall, which can result in very
jagged echoes.
V-path error
Dual-element (TR) probes produce a v-shaped sound
path from the pulser via the reflection from the backwall
to the receiver element. This so-called V-path error
affects the measuring accuracy. You should therefore
choose two wall thicknesses that cover the expected
thickness measurement range for the calibration. In this
way, the V-path error can be corrected to the greatest
possible extent.
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Operation
Higher material velocity

Due to the V-path error, a higher material velocity than
that of the test material is given during calibration, especially with small thicknesses. This is typical of dualelement (TR) probes and serves for compensation of
the V-path error.
With small wall thicknesses, the above-described effect
leads to an echo amplitude drop which has to be especially taken into account with thicknesses less than
2 mm/0.08".
A stepped reference block having different wall thicknesses is required for calibration. The wall thicknesses
must be selected so that they cover the expected readings.
Calibration process:
We recommend to use the semiautomatic calibration
function for the calibration with T/R probes.
Set the pulser and receiver functions according to

the probe used and the test application.
Set the function TOF (function group MEAS) to
flank.
Vary the gain so that the highest echo reaches
approximately the full screen height.
Set the gate threshold to the required height for
measuring the sound paths at the echo flanks.
Select the function group CAL.
Enter the distances of the two calibration echoes in
S-REF1 and S-REF2.
Position the gate (function aSTART) on the first
calibration echo.
Press
Set the required test range.
Couple the probe to the calibration block containing

the second calibration line, and set the height so that
its about as high as the first calibration echo.
Increase the probe delay (P-DELAY) until the two

calibration lines are displayed within the range.
Move the gate to the second calibration echo.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Press
to record the second calibration echo.
The correct calibration is confirmed by the message

Calibration is done. The material velocity and
probe delay are set. The value of the CAL function
goes back to 0.
If necessary, check the calibration on one or several
known calibration lines, e.g. using the stepped
reference block VW.
General notes
Please pay attention to the following notes when measuring with the USM 35X.
Condition for measurements is the correct instrument
calibration (sound velocity, probe delay).
All amplitude measurements are carried out at the
highest or the first signal in the gate.
H Note:
Always keep in mind that the measured value is determined at the intersection point of gate and echo flank
when the function TOF was set to flank. A correct setting of the echo height and gate threshold is therefore
decisive for accurate calibration and measurement!
Calibrations or measurements in the peak mode are
mostly not possible when using dual-element (TR)
probes. As the echoes are often very broad and jagged,
a clear echo peak cannot always be found in these
cases.
Krautkramer USM 35X
5.8 Measuring
All distance measurements are carried out at the

intersection point of gate and the first echo flank
(TOF = flank or jflank), or at the peak of the highest
echo (TOF = peak).
If the echo amplitudes do not succeed 5 % screen
height all sound path and amplitude measurements
will be suppressed. Thus, rapidly changing random
measurements caused by the instruments background noise are avoided.
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Operation
Measuring
The following example shows the dependency of distance measurement on the echo waveform, i.e. on the
height of the gate threshold and thus on the selection of
the intersection point at the signal.
H Note:
The point of amplitude measurement is marked with a
small upward triangle on the corresponding gate bar.
The point of distance measurement is marked with a
small downward triangle.
Gate threshold at 80 %
measured sound path: 24.91 mm
Gate threshold at 20 %
measured sound path: 24.44 mm
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Measurement of dB difference (function group REF)
5.9 Measurement of dB difference

(function group REF)
You can evaluate reflector echoes by means of reference echoes. The function group REF makes all functions for the echo comparison between a reflector echo
and a reference echo available to you.
H Note:
Depending on the setting in the function EVAMOD
(function group CFG2), one of the function groups
AWS, DAC, JDAC, or DGS may also be displayed at
this point. Please also refer to chapter 5.15 General
configuration.
You will find the following function:
If required, go to the second operating level.
REFECHO Storing or deleting the reference echo
Select the function group REF.
REFMOD
Activating the measurement of

dB difference
aSTART
Positioning the A gate
The functions are described in the order in which you

need them during your work.
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Issue 01, 04/2005
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Operation
Measurement of dB difference (function group REF)
Recording a reference echo

Before using the measurement of dB difference, you
have to first record a reference echo.
A Attention:
When recording a reference echo, an already stored
reference echo is overwritten after a corresponding
warning.
Peak the reference echo according to the test
specification.
Position the A gate over the reference echo using the
function aSTART.
Select the function REFECHO.
Deleting a reference echo
Turn the right-hand rotary knob upward in order to

store the echo in gate A as a reference echo.
You can delete stored reference echoes.
If necessary, confirm the warning message in order

to overwrite a stored reference echo.
Turn the right-hand rotary knob downward in order to

delete the reference echo.
The reference echo is now recorded. An inverted R is

shown in the measurement line.
5-26
Select the function REFECHO.
If necessary, confirm the warning message in order

to delete the stored reference echo.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Measurement of dB difference(function group REF)
Echo comparison
You can compare the echo of any reflector of your
choice with the reference echo. The displayed result is
the dB difference of the two echoes.
H Note:
The dB difference is independent of any possible gain
variation.
Choose Ha dB or Hb dB as measured value.
Position the A gate over the echo.
Select the function REFMOD.
Activate the function by means of the right-hand
rotary knob.
The dB difference between the reference echo and
the reflector echo is now displayed as the measured
value.
Krautkramer USM 35X
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Operation
Classification of welds (function group AWS)
5.10 Classification of welds

(function group AWS)
H Note:
You can rate flaws in welds according to the specification AWS D1.1. You will find the corresponding functions
in the function group AWS.
If necessary, change to the second operation level.
Select the function group AWS.
Double assignment of the function INDICA/aSTART.

Press the corresponding key
repeatedly to toggle
between the functions.
H Note:
Depending on the setting in the function EVAMOD
(function group CFG2), one of the function groups REF,
DAC, JDAC, or DGS may also be displayed at this
point. Please also refer to chapter 5.15 General configuration.
Rating of welds according to AWS

The rating of flaws in welds according to the AWS
specifications is based on an evaluation of the signal
amplitude. In this process, the echo amplitude of the
flaw echo is compared with the echo amplitude of a
known reference reflector. In addition, the sound attenuation in the workpiece is also taken into consideration.
The result is a dB value which is called flaw rating. The
flaw rating D is calculated according to the formula:
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Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
D=ABC
H Notes:
with:
Make sure that all instrument options for the special

test are calibrated before starting with the rating according to AWS.
A = Indication (in dB)

Absolute instrument gain with which the maximum
flaw echo is at 50 % (5 %) echo height
B = Reference (in dB)
Absolute instrument gain with which the maximum
reference echo (1.5 mm side-drilled hole from the
reference block 1) is at 50 % (5 %) echo height
C = Attenuation (in dB)
This value is calculated according to the formula
C = 0.079 dB/mm (s 25.4 mm). With s = sound
path of the flaw echo.
The sound attenuation correction is automatically
calculated and displayed by the instrument. For
sound paths smaller than or equal to 25.4 mm
(1 inch), the value is set to zero.
Pay attention to peaking an echo with an amplitude

between 45 % and 55 % screen height. A rating is not
possible with other amplitudes.
Apply couplant, and couple the probe to the reference block 1. Peak the echo from the 1.5 mm sidedrilled hole.
Select the function aSTART, and set up the A gate
on the reference echo.
Vary the gain so that the reference echo is displayed

at 50 % screen height.
Choose the function REFRNCE, and confirm the
choice in order to save the reference gain.
D = D 1.1 Rating (in dB)

This is the result of the evaluation according to AWS.
The evaluation is carried out in the USM 35X according to the formula indicated above.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
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Operation
Save the current gain using the function INDICA. The

current gain is saved. The USM 35X will automatically determine the values of the AWS variables C and
D. You can then evaluate the rating D using the
corresponding requirements from AWS.
Couple the probe to the test object in order to evaluate a flaw echo.
Select the function aSTART, and set up the A gate
on the flaw echo.
Vary the gain so that the flaw echo is displayed at

50 % screen height.
Go to the function group AWS.
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Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Calculation of flaw position (function group TRIG)
5.11 Calculation of flaw position

(function group TRIG)
In the function group TRIG you will find the functions for
setting the flaw position calculation when using anglebeam probes.
Select the function group TRIG.
H Note:
Double assignment of the function X-VALU/COLOR.
The functions in the group TRIG enable to automatically
calculate the (reduced) projection distance and the real
depth of the flaw in addition to the sound path S, and to
digitally display them in the measurement line.
Projection distance PD:
distance of probe index (sound exit point) from the
position of the flaw, projected on the surface
Reduced projection distance rPD:
distance of the probes leading face from the position
of the flaw, projected on the surface
Depth d:
Distance between flaw position and surface
Krautkramer USM 35X
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Operation
ANGLE (Angle of incidence)

The ANGLE function enables you to adjust the angle of
incidence of your probe for the material used. This value is required for the automatic calculation of the flaw
position.
Adjustment range: 0 ... 90
Select the ANGLE function.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the required
setting.
When using angle-beam probes, the instrument can
additionally calculate the sound path section or socalled leg L up to the next reflection point. This sound
path section or leg can be displayed as the measured
value La, Lb, or Lc.
X-VALUE (X-value of the probe)

The function X-VALUE enables you to set the X-value
(distance between the probes leading face and probe
index/sound exit point) of the probe used. This value is
required for the automatic calculation of the reduced
projection distance.
Adjustment range: 0 ... 100 mm/0 ... 40"
Select the function X-VALUE.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the required value.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
COLOR
Select the THICKNE function.
To make the orientation easier, the instrument is able to

display the different sound path sections or legs in different ways. You can choose between two display modes:
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the required value.
1 The A-scan is shown in another color in every leg.

Leg 1 in magenta
Leg 2 in blue
Leg 3 in magenta
You will need the DIAMET function for tests on circular

curved surfaces, for example when testing longitudinally welded tubes. In order to make the USM 35X carry
out the corresponding correction of (reduced) projection
distance and depth, you should enter the outside diameter of your test object in this function.
2 The legs are shown as background shadings.

off No legs are displayed.
Select the function COLOR.
mode.
Use the THICKNE function to set the materials wall

thickness. This value is required for the automatic calculation of the real depth.
Krautkramer USM 35X
If you plan to carry out the flaw position calculation for

plane-parallel (flat) test objects, the DIAMET function
should be set to flat.
Adjustment range:
10 ... 2000 mm/0.4 ... 800"
THICKNE (Material thickness)
Adjustment range: 1 ... 1000 mm/0.05 ... 400"
DIAMET (Outside diameter of the test object)
flat
Select the DIAMET function.
value.
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Operation
Data saving (function group MEM)
5.12 Data saving

(function group MEM)
You will find all functions for storing, recalling and deleting complete data sets in the function group MEM.
A data set contains all instrument settings as well as

the A-scan. This means that whenever you recall a
stored data set, your instrument is again set up exactly
the same as it was at the moment when the data set
was stored. This makes each one of your tests reproducible.
You will find the following functions:
Select the function group MEM.
SET-#
selecting number of a data set
RECALL
recalling a stored data set
STORE
storing a data set
DELETE
deleting a data set
The functions are described in the order in which you

need them during your work.
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Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Storing a data set
All active entries in the information table (TESTINF) are

automatically allocated to the data set being stored
(see chapter 5.13 Dataset management).
You can save your current setup to a data set.

Select the function SET-#.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the number
where you would want to store the current data set
(1 to 200).
Select the function STORE.
An occupied data set is marked with an asterisk (*)

before the data set number. You can delete these data
sets if you no longer need them.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set it to on.

The USM 35X stores the current data set. When the
storage process is completed, the function STORE is
automatically reset to off.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the number of

the data set that you want to delete.
Select the function DELETE.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set it to on. The
measurement line will then prompt: Delete data set?
H Note:
The asterisk (*) before a selected data set number indicates that this data set is already occupied. It is not
possible to overwrite an occupied data set; select another data set which is still empty, or delete the occupied data set. To avoid loss of data e.g. in case of a
software update you should save the data sets to a PC.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Deleting a data set
Confirm by pressing the corresponding key

one
more time (all other keys would abort the process).
The data set is now deleted; the asterisk preceding
the data set number is no longer there. The function
DELETE is automatically reset to off.
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-35
Operation
Deleting all data set

You can delete all data sets if you no longer need them.
Select the function DELETE.

measurement line will then prompt: Delete all data
sets?
one
All data sets are now deleted. The function DELETE is
automatically reset to off.
Recalling a stored data set

You can recall a stored data set; your instrument will
then be provided with all the test-relevant technical
features that existed at the moment of the setup. A
frozen display of the stored A-scan appears.
H Note:
A Attention:
Double assignment of the function DELETE/DELALL.

Press the corresponding key
repeatedly to toggle
between the functions.
If a saved data set is loaded, the current instrument

setup is lost. If necessary, save the current instrument
setup to a new data set before loading a saved data
set.
5-36
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the number of

the data set that you want to recall.
Select the function RECALL.
measurement line will then prompt: Recall data set?
one
The data set is now loaded and the current setup is
overwritten. When the loading process is completed, the
function RECALL is automatically reset to off.
H Note:
The gate for surveying the echo can be moved in the
recalled A-scan. However, as the evaluation is made in
the frozen A-scan, the measurement resolution is only
0.5 % of the adjusted calibration range.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-37
Operation
Dataset management (function group DATA)
5.13 Dataset management

(function group DATA)
The functions in the function group DATA enable you to

easily manage the data sets stored in the USM 35X.
The following functions are available:
The USM 35X offers comprehensive functions for an

easy dataset management.
TESTINF
You can save a lot of additional information for every data set, e.g. data on the
test object, on the flaw detected, or comments.
PREVIEW
In this dataset preview you will see the

A-scan, the dataset name and the storage
date of each data set.
DIR
This function enables you to display a list

of all stored data sets, including the corresponding dataset names.
SETTING
This is where you will see a list of functions including all settings of the current
data set.

Select the function group DATA.
5-38
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
TESTINF (Storing additional information)
You can
For every data set, you can store additional information

which will support you in the easy management of the
data sets. You have 9 fields at your disposal for this
purpose.
save the current settings together with the edited

additional information at a new and still empty
dataset number (analogously to function STORE in
the function group MEM),
You can enter a maximum of 24 alphanumeric characters in the following fields:
subsequently enter and save additional information

for an already stored data set,
DATNAME
Dataset name
OBJECT
Object description
overwrite the already saved additional information of

a data set.
FLAWIND
Flaw indication
OPERAT
Name of the person carrying out the test
SURFACE
Surface quality
COMMENT Comments
You can enter numerical values in these fields:
FLAWLEN
Flaw length
X-POS
x-position coordinate
Y-POS
y-position coordinate
Krautkramer USM 35X
Use the right-hand rotary knob to select and acitvate

the function TESTINF. The table will now show the
additional information saved for the currently selected data set.
Use
(INFO 3) and
to select the field SET-#.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to view the additional

information for other data sets and to edit this
information if required.
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-39
Operation
H Note:
Editing additional information
All stored data are displayed for data sets which are
already occupied. An occupied data set is marked with
an asterisk (*) before the data set number. If you have
selected an empty data set, the field data of the previously displayed data set are automatically transferred.
However, the data in the numerical fields FLAWLEN,
X-POS and Y-POS are deleted. This means that you
only have to edit the variable fields in test applications
which include continuous saving of results. All alphanumerical field data are automatically transferred but
can also be edited if necessary.
You can edit all items with additional information.
A Attention:
As long as the field data edited in this table have not
been saved, the previous entries remain valid. Please
keep this in mind, e.g. before selecting a new dataset
number: all changes in the current data set are lost!
Select the required field.
Use the left-hand rotary knob to mark the required
character position.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the character for this position. You only need the right-hand
rotary knob to enter the numerical values in
FLAWLEN, X-POS and Y-POS.
H Note:
You cannot edit the field SET-#. The number of the current data set is displayed here.
5-40
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Storing additional information
PREVIEW (Dataset preview)
A Attention:
This function enables you to view the A-scans of all

stored data sets.
If you have edited already existing additional information, all previous additional information is overwritten
when the data are stored.
Select the PREVIEW function.
Select the field STO-INF.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to set this function
on. The currently displayed data of the fields are now
stored. The function STO-INF is automatically reset
to off at the end of data storage.
If necessary, press one of the keys
,
or
to
go back to the A-scan without storing the data.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the function to

on. The A-scan and the name of the first data set are
displayed.
Viewing other data sets:
Select the SET-# function.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the number
of the required data set.
Select the RECALL function.
H Note:
In the case of previously empty data sets, all instrument settings and the current A-scan are stored simultaneously with the edited field data. Only the edited
field data are stored for the previously occupied data
sets. Previously stored instrument settings and
A-scans are kept.
Krautkramer USM 35X

on. The selected data set is displayed.
If necessary, confirm the message using the corresponding key .
,
go back to the currently active A-scan.
Issue 01, 04/2005
or
to
5-41
Operation
DIR (Dataset directory)
SETTING (Function list)
This function enables you to get an overview of all

stored data sets, including their names and numbers.
This function provides you with an overview of all set

functions of the current data set.
Select the DIR function.
Select the SETTING function.

on.

on. The list of the currently set functions is displayed.
The directory list of the stored data sets is displayed

(dataset numbers and names). The display shows
12 data sets at a time. Occupied data sets are
marked with an asterisk (*).
Turn the right-hand rotary knob to have other lines

displayed. The list is advanced by one line each.
,
or
to
Turn the right-hand rotary knob to have other data

sets displayed. The list always advances by one line
each.
,
5-42
or
to
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Configuring the USM 35X for a test application
5.14 Configuring the USM 35X for

a test application
If required, go to the third operating level.

Select the function group MEAS.
Besides the default settings for the instrument operation, you have to configure the USM 35X for calibration
and test tasks. You will find the corresponding functions
in the function groups MEAS, MSEL and LCD.
In addition, you have to check the current time and
date, and set them if required, so that they are correctly
stored together with the test results. Please look up the
function groups CFG1 and CFG2 for more functions for
the general instrument setup (please refer to chapter
5.15 General configuration).
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-43
Operation
TOF (Selecting the measuring point)

The sound path measurement in the calibration process
or in the subsequent echo evaluation process depends
on the selected measuring point which can be adjusted
either to flank, to peak or to jflank in the USM 35X.
When adjusted to flank or jflank the sound path measurement is made at the point of intersection of the
monitor gate with the rising flank of the highest echo in
the gate.
The point of amplitude measurement is marked by a

small upward triangle on the corresponding gate bar.
The point of distance measurement is marked by a
small downward triangle.
H Note:
While DAC, TCG or JISDAC is active you can change
the TOF mode from peak to flank.
measured soundpath: 19,44 mm

amplitude: 94 %
A Attention:
The highest echo in the gate does not have to be the
echo for which the sound path has been measured. This
may lead to false echo evaluation!
5-44
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
In order to identify the points of measurement and to

avoid misinterpretation two indicators were introduced
per gate: The first triangle pointing downwards indicates
the position of the measured sound path (distance),
whereas the triangle pointing upwards marks the position of the measured amplitude.
In TOF mode jflank the sound path measurement is

made at the point of intersection of the monitor gate
with the rising flank of the first echo in the gate. The
amplitude is measured at the maximum of the first
echo in the gate even if there are further signals with
higher amplitudes in the gate.
In TOF mode peak the sound path and amplitude measurement is made at the maximum of the highest echo
in the gate.

amplitude: 33 %
amplitude: 95 %
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-45
Operation
In principle, the peak measurement should be preferred

because the measured distances do not depend on the
echo height in that case. However, there are application
cases in which the flank measurement is either specified,
or it must be applied for technical reasons, e.g. in many
tests using dual-element (TR) probes.
A Attention:
In any case, the adjustment of the measuring point for
calibration and for the subsequent test use must always be identical. Otherwise measurement errors may
occur.
Select the TOF function.
setting.
S-DISP (Zoomed display of reading)

You can have a selected reading zoomed in the A-scan
display. The following readings can be selected for the
zoomed display (in the second column the indication of
the readings in the measurement line):
Sa
Sb
Sb-a
Sa
Sb
ba
Ha %
Hb %
Ha dB
Hb dB
R-start
R-end
La
Lb
Lc
Ha
Hb
ha
hb
Rs
Re
La
Lb
Lc
Sound path for gate A

Sound path for gate B
Difference of single measurements for
sound path gate B gate A
Echo height gate A in % screen height
Echo height gate B in % screen height
Echo height gate A in dB
Echo height gate B in dB
Range start
Range end
Number of legs in gate A
Number of legs in gate B
Number of legs in gate C
Only for flaw position calculation:

Da
5-46
Issue 01, 04/2005
Da
Depth for gate A

Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Db
Pa
Pb
Db
Pa
Pb
Depth for gate B

Projection distance for gate A
Projection distance for gate B
General:
Ra
Ra
Reduced projection distance for gate A
Rb
Rb
Reduced projection distance for gate B
Alarm
ERS
ER
Equivalent reflector size
Gt dB
Gt
DGS test sensitivity
GrdB
Gr
DGS reference gain (= instrument gain

for the reference echo on 80 % screen
height)
Only for DGS and DAC:

Ha %crv Ca
Echo height gate A in % referred to curve
Hb %crv Cb
Echo height gate B in % referred to curve
DGS-Crv Dc
Diameter of the DGS curve
class
Flaw class according to JIS Z3060-2002
DAC dB db
Choice of gates for alarm triggering:

gate A, B or A+B
H Note:
If you use the Data Logger option, values for the C gate
as well as a few special values for the Data Logger are
added to the existing ones, see chapter Option Data
Logger.
Only for DGS:
cl
Al
Select the function S-DISP.

value for the zoomed display.
H Note:
You can likewise configure all readings to be displayed
below the A-scan at the four corresponding positions.
Please refer to Configuring the measurement line.
dB-value by which the DAC gain has

been changed related to the reference
gain (= instrument gain for the DAC
echo on 80 % screen height)
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-47
Operation
MAGNIFY (Gate spreading)

The setting of the MAGNIFY function causes a spreading
of the gate over the entire display width. You can choose
the gate to be used for the magnify function.
Select the function MAGNIFY.
aGATE or bGATE if you want to spread the range of
gate A or B over the entire display range.
A-Scan (Setting the A-scan)

This function offers you several options for setting your
A-scan.
stndard
Normal A-scan setting. The
freeze.
key effects a static
H Note:
Read chapter 5.12 to learn how to load a saved data
set. As a restored data set is displayed with a frozen
key first.
A-scan, press the
envelop (echo dynamics)
The echo envelope is shown as a dotted line additionally to the A-scan.
peak b (maximum display)
You can use this function to record and document
(as well as to save if required) the peaked, maximum
echo display. With the B gate active, the A-scan with
the highest echo amplitude (recording of maximum
display) is shown as a dotted line additionally to the
live A-scan when peaking an echo display (in B
gate). This A-scan becomes the statically frozen
A-scan by pressing the
key, and it can then be
evaluated accordingly.
compare (A-scan comparison)

You can compare a current echo display with a
stored one. The display last stored using
either
from the current application or from a stored data set
is displayed in the background as a dotted line.
5-48
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
afreeze/bfreeze (automatic freeze)

Whenever you select this function, an echo display
connected with the A or B gate will automatically
switch over to A-scan freeze (automatic freeze). This
setting is especially well suited e.g. for high-temperature measurements, for measurements involving
difficult coupling conditions, or for spot weld testing.
Configuring the measurement line

The configuration of your measurement line is carried
out in the function group MSEL, this means that you
can choose the reading for one of the four possible
positions of the measurement line for direct measuredvalue display during the test.
H Note:
Select the function group MSEL.
If you are using a Data Logger option, you also have

the function cfreeze (for C gate) at your disposal.
Select the function A-SCAN.
setting.
Pay attention to the additional information referring to
the corresponding setting options (see preceeding
page).
Functions of the function group MSEL:
MEAS-P1 MEAS-P2 MEAS-P3
Measured values at positions 1 to 4
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
MEAS-P4
5-49
Operation
All measured values which have also been described

for the zoomed display of the function S-DISP are
availabe to you at each position.
Setting the display
H Note:
As an alternative, you can display a scale in the measurement line (ref. function SCALE).
Select the function group LCD.
In the function group LCD, you will find setting options

for the display screen itself and for the echo display.
Select the function MEAS-P1 to MEAS-P4.

measured value for each position in the corresponding function.
H Note:
Double assignment of the function FILLED/VGA. Toggle
between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the
corresponding key .
5-50
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
FILLED (Echo display mode)
VGA
The function FILLED toggles between the filled and the

normal echo display mode. The filled echo display mode
improves the echo perceptibility due to the strong contrast, especially in cases where workpieces are scanned
more quickly.
You can switch the VGA output on and off.
H Note:
If the function COLOR is active, the filled area is also
displayed in different colors.
Select the function FILLED.
on or off.
H Note:
You should only switch the VGA output on if you aim to
transfer the display contents to an external instrument.
If the VGA output is switched off, the current consumption is reduced and the operating time is extended in
battery operation.
Select the function VGA.
on or off.
SCHEME
You have a choice between four color schemes. The
color scheme determines the color of all displays and
that of the background. You cannot vary the colors of
gates because they are fixed as follows:
Gate A red
Gate B green
Gate C blue
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-51
Operation
H Note:
SCALE (Configuring the measurement line)
All color schemes are suitable for indoor use. For outdoor use, we recommend the color schemes 3 and 4.
As an alternative to the measured values, the USM 35X

enables to display a scale in the measurement line. The
scale gives you an overview of the position of echoes.
You have a choice between a dimensionless ten-division scale and a scale showing the real position of the
echoes.
Select the function SCHEME.

color scheme.
The following settings are possible:
LIGHT (LCD backlight)
measval Display of measured values
You can choose between a lighting in the economy

mode min. and a brighter lighting max. for the display
lighting. The economy mode is the default setting.
snd-pth
Display of sound path scale
div.
Display of a dimensionless scale
H Note:
Select the function SCALE.
The economy mode reduces the current consumption

and consequently increases the operating time in battery operation.

display mode.
Select the function LIGHT.

lighting.
5-52
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
General configuration
5.15 General configuration

More functions for the basic configuration of the USM 35X
may be found in the function groups CFG1 and CFG2.
Select the function group CFG1 or CFG2.
Functions of
CFG1
Dialog language
Unit
Baud rate
Printer selection
Assignment of the
key
CFG2:
Date
Time
Analog output
Horn
Evaluation mode
H Note:
Double assignment of the functions DIALOG/UNIT and
DATE/TIME. Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the corresponding key .
DIALOG (Selecting the language)

In this function you can select the language for displaying the function names on the screen and for the
test report.
The following languages are available:
German
English (default setting)
French
Italian
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-53
Operation
UNIT (Selecting units of measurement)
Spanish
Portuguese
Dutch
Swedish
Slovenian
Romanian
Finnish
Czech
Danish
Hungarian
Croatian
Russian
Slovakian
Norwegian
Polish
Japanese
You can choose the required units between mm or inch

in the function UNIT.
A Attention:
You should always make your decision on the units
immediately when starting to work with the USM 35X. If
you change the unit, all current settings are deleted,
and the basic setup is loaded.
Select the function UNIT.
unit.
To avoid any accidental deleting of values, the
measurement line will display a safety prompt:
Change unit?
H Note:
If you are sure that you want to change the unit of

measurement, press the corresponding
key of the
function UNIT. Any other key would abort the process.
More dialog languages can be added on request.

Select the function DIALOG.
language.
5-54
The unit of measurement is now changed; the current

data are deleted.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
BAUD-R (Baud rate for transmission)
H Note:
In this function you can select the baud rate for the
serial port transmission. You have a choice between
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, and
57600 Baud.
For more details on the how to print out a test report,

please refer to chapter 6 Documentation.

printer.
Select the function BAUD-R.

baud rate.
In this function you can select the connected printer for

printing out your test report.
You have a choice between the following printer types:
HP LaserJet
HP DeskJet
Seiko DPU
HP LaserJet 1200 series
HP DeskJet 1200 series
Krautkramer USM 35X
COPYMOD (Assignment of the
key)
When the
key is pressed, data are output to the
RS232 interface and transferred to a printer or a PC.
PRINTER (Printer for test report)
Epson
Select the function PRINTER.
You can use the function COPYMOD to choose the

data to be transferred when the
key is pressed. You
have the following setting options:
hardcpy
Hardcopy of the screen contents
report
Test report with A-scan, all relevant settings for the
inspection and space for hand-written remarks
meas P5
The magnified value given at the right upper corner
of the A-scan
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-55
Operation
meas P1
The measured value given at position 1 in the
measurement line
pardump
All instrument functions with the current settings
PCX
Screen contents as a PCX-format file. To transfer the
data to the PC, you will need a terminal program.
store
The current instrument setting is stored to the
selected (free) data set, and the data set number
(DAT-#) is automatically increased.
datalog (only with Data Logger option)
The selected job is printed out as a report including
all measured values.
off
The key is deactivated.
special
as setting hardcpy. After printout of the screen
contents no form feed, every press on the key prints
out the next hardcopy on the same page (three or
four hardcopies depending on the printer).
5-56
H Note:
Please also refer to chapter 6 Documentation.
Select the function COPYMOD.
assignment for the key.
TIME/DATE (Setting the time and date)

You have to check the current date and time and, if
required, set them so that these data are correctly
saved together with the test results.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
H Note:
ANAMOD

You can output results of measurements at the analog

output for external further processing. Use the function
ANAMOD to configure the analog output in case there
is no echo in the evaluation gate and the analog voltage
has been selected for the sound path at the output.
A Attention:
Always make sure that you are using correctly set
time and date values. Otherwise test results might be
corrupted. Be aware that the USM 35X displays the
year as a two digit number!
You have the following setting options:
Select the function TIME.
hi volt
The analog output supplies 5 volts.
Use the left-hand rotary knob to highlight the value

that you want to change, e.g. the hour.
Select the function ANAMOD.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to change the highlighted value.

value.
lo volt
The analog output supplies 0 volt.
Select the function DATE.

Use the left-hand rotary knob to highlight the value
that you want to change, e.g. the day.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to change the highlighted value.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-57
Operation
HORN
EVAMOD (Echo evaluation)
In this function, you can decide whether or not an

acoustic alarm should be given in addition to the visual
alarm (LED A).
This is where you can choose a method for the evaluation of the measured reflector echo. Depending on the
instrument version used, you have various methods to
choose from.
Select the function HORN.

Use the left-hand rotary knob to set the horn to on or
off.
REF (default setting)

Evaluation using the measurement of dB difference,
available for all instrument versions
H Note:
AWS
Rating of welds according to AWS
Error alarms can be triggered unter certain circumstances. These are caused by intermediate conditions
in instrument operation occuring when the instrument is
used, i.e. when function parameters are changed. Possible alarms occuring during instrument operation
(setting of functions) are to be ignored.
DAC (only USM 35X DAC and USM 35X S)

Evaluation using the Distance-Amplitude Curve
JISDAC (only USM 35X DAC and USM 35X S)
Evaluation using the Distance-Amplitude Curve
according to JIS Z3060-2002
DGS (only USM 35X S)
Evaluation using the DGS method
Select the function EVAMOD.
method.
5-58
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Other functions with special keys
5.16 Other functions with

special keys
Zooming the echo display

If you press the key , the echo display is zoomed (zoom
function) and is superimposed on the function group.
H Note:
You will find a description of the
key (setting of the
dB incrementation for gain) on page 5-5; the
key,
which you will need for printing out your test report, is
described in chapter 6 Documentation.
The functions are not accessible in this mode, except

for the gain. It can still be set by means of the left-hand
rotary knob.
H Note:
You cannot switch on the zoom function with gate
widths smaller than 0.5 mm/0.02" (5920 m/s).
Freeze
The
key enables you to store (freeze) the displayed
image on the screen. Gate parameters may still be
changed in order to evaluate any signal being displayed
in the frozen screen. The measurement resolution is
only 0.5 % of the displayed range.
Press the button

mode.
in order to change to the zoom
Press the button

one more time in order to return
to the normal mode.
Press
display.
if you want to store (freeze) a current
The key
Press
again in order to return to normal mode.
You can use this key to save measured values and Ascans. In addition, it serves for recording echoes, for
example as a reference echo.
Press the key
in order to save a measured value
or to record an echo.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-59
Operation
Staus symbols and LEDs
5.17 Status symbols and LEDs
H Note:
Status symbols can be displayed in the line below the

screen display to inform about certain settings and
conditions of the USM 35X. The LEDs above the display give you further information.
If you are using the Data Logger option, youll find more
status symbols, see chapter Option Data Logger.
LEDs
Symbol
Description
Status symbols
Gate alarm.
Symbol
Description
Function REJECT is active.
Display memory is enabled (freeze),

display is stored.
Function DUAL (pulser-receiver separation)

is active.
Data transfer active,

(printing or remote control).
H Note:
Battery indicator; appears with low battery

charge, batteries must be charged.
Function TOF is set to flank.
Function TOF is set to peak.
Function TOF is set to jflank.
Function T-CORR is active.
Reference echo has been recorded (DGS).
Function ATT-OBJ/ATT-REF (sound

attenuation) is active.
5-60
Error alarms can be triggered unter certain circumstances. These are caused by intermediate conditions in instrument operation occuring when the instrumet is used, i.e.
when function parameters are changed. Possible alarms
occuring during instrument operation (setting of
functions) are to be ignored.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Distance-amplitude curve (only USM 35X DAC and USM 35S)

(only USM 35X DAC and
USM 35S)
You will find the functions for the distance-amplitude

curve in the function group DAC. If required, select the
setting DAC in the function group EVAMOD first.
H Note:
Select the function group CFG2.
The DAC function is available as a fixed function in the

second operating level on the USM 35X DAC. With the
USM 35X S, the DAC function can be additionally
switched over to DGS evaluation mode.
Switch the function EVA-MOD over to the setting

DAC.
Due to the angle of the sound beam spread and to the

sound attenuation in the material the echo height of
reflectors of equal size depends on the distance to the
probe.
Select the function group DAC.
Go to the second operating level.
A distance-amplitude curve, which is recorded with

defined reference reflectors, graphically displays these
influences.
If you use a reference block having artificial flaws when
recording a DAC you will be able to apply these echo
amplitudes for the evaluation of discontinuities without
any further correction. The reference block should be
made of the same material as the test object.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-61
Operation
H Note:
H Note:
Double assignment of the function T-CORR/OFFSET.

No reference echoes can be recorded with

DACMODE = TCG. TCG can only be activated if the
reference echoes recorded are situated within a dynamic range of 40 dB. Otherwise an error message is output. If the TCG setting should be nevertheless be used
in this case, then the DAC must be reduced (by deleting the last reference points) until TCG can be switched
on.
DACMOD (Activating DAC/TCG)

You can use this function to activate the DAC. The following settings are available:
Select the function DACMOD.
off
No DAC is active.
DAC
The already saved distance-amplitude curve is
displayed on the screen, or a new DAC is recorded.
TCG
An existing DAC (at least 2 reference points) is
displayed as a horizontal TCG line.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the DAC

setting.
If there is a DAC stored, it will now be active.
Select the TCG setting.
The TCG function is activated so that the DAC
becomes a horizontal recording threshold. This
means: all reference echoes recorded are brought
(lifted or lowered) to the same echo height.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the setting
off in order to deactivate the DAC again.
5-62
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
DACECHO (Recording reference curve)
Before starting to record a reference curve, the instrument must be correctly calibrated (ref. section
5.7 Calibrating the USM 35X).
to record the first reference echo. The

Press
instrument gain will automatically change until the
DAC echo in gate A reaches 80% screen height
(+/0,3 dB). The function DACECHO is set to 1 to
indicate that the first reference echo has been
successfully recorded. Simultaneously the status
symbol R appears (= reference echo stored).
The moment a new curve is recorded, a possibly already existing curve must be deleted. If necessary,
make sure that the old curve has been stored in a free
data set before starting to record a new curve!
Peak the next reference echo, and repeat the recording process for other curve points. The number in the
function DACECHO is increased by 1 with each
recording.
A Attention:

H Note:
DAC. The function DACECHO is set to 0 since there
is no previously recorded echo.
Couple the probe to the reference block, and peak
the first reference echo. Use the left-hand rotary knob
to bring the echo to an amplitude between 70 % and
100 % screen height.
Select the function aSTART, and then move the gate
so that the selected echo is the highest of the echo
sequence within the gate range.
Krautkramer USM 35X
If the message Echo is not valid appears, the reference point could not be recorded. Check the gate position as well as the height of the reference echo and
repeat the recording.
As soon as you have recorded at least two curve reference points. Your DAC is already active (please see
previous section). You can record a maximum of
10 curve reference points.
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-63
Operation
Distance-amplitude curve (only USM 35X DAC and USM 35X S)
Deleting reference points or the complete DAC
T-CORR (Sensitivity correction)
You can delete the reference point which was recorded

last in each case, or the complete DAC.
This function enables you to compensate for the transfer losses in the material under test. This correction is
necessary if test object and reference block have different surface qualities.
Select the function DACECHO.

Turn the right-hand rotary knob downward (counterclockwise). The message Do you want to delete
the DAC echo? appears in the measurement line.
Press the
key in order to delete the last echo, or
press another key in order to cancel the process of
deleting.
In this way, you can record one or several new reference points.
You have to find out the adjustment value for the compensation of transfer losses by experiments. The gain
is varied accordingly in this connection, the curve line
remains the same.
Select the function T-CORR.
setting.
In order to delete the complete DAC, turn the righthand rotary knob upward (clockwise). The message
Do you want to delete all DAC echoes? appears
in the measurement line.
Press the
key in order to delete all echoes, or
deleting.
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Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
OFFSET (Distance of multiple DAC)
Echo evaluation with DAC
You can activate a multiple DAC and at the same time

determine the distance from the registration curve. The
default setting 6.0 dB generates four other curves at
12 dB, 6 dB, +6 dB, and +12 dB from the registration
curve. The setting 0 generates only the registration
curve. Any setting different from 0 generates four other
curves at a set distance from the original curve. For a
better distinction in multiple DACs the registration curve
is displayed as a bold line.
In order to be able to evaluate a flaw indication by

means of the DAC, certain conditions must be met:
Adjustment range: 0 dB ... 14 dB in steps of 0.5 dB

Select the function OFFSET.
setting.
Krautkramer USM 35X
The distance-amplitude curve must already be

recorded.
It only applies to the same probe that was used
when recording the curve. Not even another probe of
the same type must be used!
The DAC only apply to the material corresponding to
the material of the reference block.
All functions affecting the echo amplitude must be
set the same way as they were when the curve was
recorded. This applies in particular to the following
functions: POWER, FREQU, RECTIFY, MTLVEL and
REJECT.
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-65
Operation
DAC according to JIS Z3060-2002 (only USM 35X DAC and USM 35S)

according to JIS Z3060-2002
(only USM 35X DAC and
USM 35S)
Select the function group JDAC.
H Note:
The JISDAC function for echo evaluation with the
dictance-amplitude curve and additional classification
according to JIS Z3060-2002 is available in the
USM 35X DAC and USM 35X S.
You will find the functions for the distance-amplitude
curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 in the function
group JDAC. If required, select the setting JDAC in the
function group EVAMOD first.
H Note:
Double assignment of the functions DACMOD/BOLDLI
and T-CORR/OFFSET. Toggle between the two functions
by repeatedly pressing the corresponding key .

Switch the function EVAMOD over to the setting
JDAC.
5-66
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
DACMOD (Activating DAC according to JIS)

You can use this function to activate the DAC. The following settings are available:
off
No DAC is active.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the DAC

setting.
If there is a DAC stored, it will now be active.
Select the TCG setting.
DAC
DAC according to JIS with 6 curves. The first 4 curves
are identified with the letters L, M, H and U dedicated
to these curves, and therefore move with any gain
change.
The TCG function is activated so that the DAC

becomes a horizontal recording threshold. This
means: all reference echoes recorded are brought
(lifted or lowered) to the same echo height.
In JISDAC also the echo evaluation in classes can be

performed. The flaw class depends on the position of
the echo peak within the first 4 curves:
class I:
class II:
class III:
tion level)
class IV:
amplitude < curve L

curve L < amplitude < curve M
curve M < amplitude < curve H (registraamplitude > curve H

Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the setting
off in order to deactivate the DAC again.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-67
Operation
DACECHO (Recording reference curve)
A Attention:
Before starting to record a reference curve, the instrument must be correctly calibrated (ref. section 5.7
Calibrating the USM 35X).
The moment a new curve is recorded, a possibly already existing curve must be deleted. If necessary,
make sure that the old curve has been stored in a free
data set before starting to record a new curve!
DAC. The function DACECHO is set to 0 since there
is no previously recorded echo.
Couple the probe to the reference block, and peak

the first reference echo. Use the left-hand rotary knob
to bring the echo to an amplitude between 70 % and
100 % screen height.
Select the function aSTART, and then move the gate
so that the selected echo is the highest of the echo
sequence within the gate range.
Press
to record the first reference echo. The
instrument gain will automatically change until the
DAC echo in gate A reaches 80% screen height
(+/ 0,3 dB). The function DACECHO is set to 1 to
indicate that the first reference echo has been
successfully recorded. Simultaneously the status
symbol R appears (= reference echo stored).
H Note:
The dB-value by which the gain has been changed related to the reference gain can be displayed using the
new parameter DAC dB.
5-68
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
The function DACECHO displays the number 1.
Deleting reference points or the complete DAC

You can delete the reference point which was recorded
last in each case, or the complete DAC.
Select the function DACECHO.
Turn the right-hand rotary knob downward (counterclockwise). The message Do you want to delete
the DAC echo? appears in the measurement line.
Press the
key in order to delete the last echo, or
deleting.
Peak the next reference echo, and repeat the recording process for other curve points. The number in the
function DACECHO is increased by 1 with each
recording.
H Note:
If the message Echo is not valid appears, the reference point could not be recorded. Check the gate position as well as the height of the reference echo and
repeat the recording.
Krautkramer USM 35X
In order to delete the complete DAC, turn the righthand rotary knob upward (clockwise). The message
Do you want to delete all DAC echoes? appears
in the measurement line.
Press the
key in order to delete all echoes, or
deleting.
In this way, you can record one or several new reference points.
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-69
Operation
BOLDLI (Choice of a registration curve)
Select the function T-CORR.
One of the four curves marked with a character (L, M,

H, U) can be selected as the registration curve. This
registration curve will then be displayed as a bold line
and an echo amplitude evaluation (dB-to-curve) will be
made for this curve.

setting.
Select the function BOLDLI.

setting.
T-CORR (Sensitivity correction)

This function enables you to compensate for the transfer losses in the material under test. This correction is
necessary if test object and reference block have different surface qualities.
You have to find out the adjustment value for the compensation of transfer losses by experiments. The gain
is varied accordingly in this connection, the curve line
remains the same.
5-70
OFFSET (Distance of multiple DAC)

You can activate a multiple DAC and at the same time
determine the distance from the registration curve. The
default setting 6.0 dB generates four other curves at
12 dB, 6 dB, +6 dB, and +12 dB from the registration
curve, and additionally two other curves at +18 dB and
+24 dB. The setting 0 generates only the registration
curve and the two fixed curves. Any setting different
from 0 generates four other curves at a set distance
from the original curve. For a better distinction in multiple DACs the registration curve is displayed as a bold
line.
Adjustment range: 0 dB ... 14 dB in steps of 0.5 dB
Select the function OFFSET.
setting.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Echo evaluation with DAC

In order to be able to evaluate a flaw indication by
means of the DAC, certain conditions must be met:
5.20 Evaluation according to the

DGS method (only USM 35X S)
With the USM 35X S, you can use both the DAC and
the DGS method of amplitude evaluation.
The distance-amplitude curve must already be

recorded.
It only applies to the same probe that was used
when recording the curve. Not even another probe of
the same type must be used!
The DAC only apply to the material corresponding to
the material of the reference block.
All functions affecting the echo amplitude must be
set the same way as they were when the curve was
recorded. This applies in particular to the following
functions: POWER, FREQU, RECTIFY, MTLVEL and
REJECT.
Measuring with DGS

Using the DGS function (Distance Gain Size), you can
compare the reflecting power of a natural flaw in the
test object with that of a theoretical flaw (circular diskshaped equivalent reflector) at the same depth.
A Attention:
You are comparing the reflecting power of a natural flaw
with that of a theoretical flaw. No definite conclusions
may be drawn on the natural flaw (roughness, inclined
position, etc.).
The so-called DGS diagram forms the basis for this
comparison of the reflecting power. This diagram consists of a set of curves showing the correlation of three
influencing variables:
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-71
Operation
Evaluation according to the DGS method (only USM 35X S)
Distance D between the probe and circular diskshaped equivalent reflector

Difference in gain G between various large circular
disk-shaped equivalent reflectors and an infinitely
large backwall
Size S of the circular disk-shaped equivalent reflector. The influencing variable S always remains
constant for one curve of the set of curves
The advantage of the DGS method lies in the fact that
you can carry out reproducible evaluations of small
discontinuities. The reproducibility is most of all important, for example, whenever you aim to carry out an
acceptance test.
Apart from the influencing variables already mentioned,
there are other factors determining the curve shape:
sound attenuation
transfer losses
The following probe parameters affect the curve shape:

element or crystal diameter
frequency
delay length
delay velocity
You can adjust these parameters on the USM 35X S in
such a way that you can use the DGS method with
many different probes and on different materials.
H Note:
Before setting the DGS function, the instrument must
first be calibrated because all functions affecting the
DGS evaluation mode (MTLVEL, P-DELAY, DAMPING,
POWER, FINE G, FREQU, RECTIFY) can no longer be
changed after the reference echo has been recorded.
Please also refer to chapter 5.7 Calibrating the
USM 35X on this subject.
amplitude correction value

probe.
5-72
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Selecting the DGS mode
Double assignment of functions:
The following functions are double assigned. Toggle

between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the
corresponding key .

Switch the function EVA-MOD over to the setting
DGS.
DGSMEN>
Calling the DGS menu
DGSMEN>
Switching on/off the
DGS evaluation mode
T-CORR>
Setting the transfer
correction
OFFSET>
Activating the multi-curve
display mode
Select the function group DGS.
Default settings for the DGS measurement

In the next step, the DGS menu is called enabling to
select the corresponding probe and to set the other
DGS parameters:
Select the function DGSMEN.
Use the right-hand rotary knob to call the DGS menu.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-73
Operation
Define your settings:

PROBE-#: probe number
Fixed-programmed probes with all settings (PRBNAME, DEL-VEL, D eff and PRBFREQ cannot be
changed in the case of these probes);
PROBE-# = 0 is user-programmable with reference
to all parameters.
PRBNAME: probe name
The name belongs to the selected probe number and
cannot be changed; the individual probe name can be
entered only with PROBE-# = 0.
DGS-CRV: registration curve for DGS evaluation
This enables you to select the circular disk-shaped
equivalent reflector diameter to be used for displaying
the DGS curve and used as recording threshold for
echo evaluations.
PRBFREQ: probe frequency

Frequency of the transducer; predefined with programmed probes.
REFECHO: type of the reference reflector used
BW backwall
SDH side drilled hole
FBH flat bottom hole
REFSIZE: size of the reference reflector
ATT-REF: sound attenuation in the reference block
ATT-OBJ: sound attenuation in the test object
AMPLCOR: value for the amplitude correction.
This is required whenever you are using an angle
probe and the quadrant echo from the calibration
standards K1 or K2 as a reference reflector.
To return to the A-scan, press one of the following
keys: ,
or
.
DEL-VEL: delay material velocity of the probe

Predefined with programmed probes.
D eff: effective element diameter of the probe used
Predefined with programmed probes.
5-74
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Recording the reference echo and

displaying the DGS curve
Example
To be able to display the required DGS curve, you have

to first record the reference echo.
You have to start by optimizing the echo of the
reference reflector, in this case the backwall echo
from the test object.
Continue by positioning the gate on the reference echo.
In this example, the probe MB 4 S is selected. Reference

reflector = backwall, the 3 mm circular disc is to be
displayed as curve. The sound attenuation corrections
ATT-REF and ATT-OBJ and the amplitude correction
AMPLCOR (for angle probes and calibration standard
K1/K2) remain at 0.
Select the function DGS-REF, and use the right-hand

rotary knob to switch the function on. The message:
Do you want to change the DGS reference echo?
appears.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-75
Operation
If required, confirm by pressing
Evaluation of reflectors
again.
After the successful recording of the reference echo, a

highlighted R will be displayed in the measurement line.
Every echo situated within the gate can be immediately

evaluated:
Set the function DGSMOD> to on, to switch on DGS

curve.
Taking the general DGS diagram as a basis, the instrument calculates the required test sensitivity for displaying the 3 mm curve with its maximum at 80 % screen
height, and sets this value. The current gain is set to 0
during this. In the case of subsequent gain variations,
the curve is automatically adapted.
5-76
The measurement line has been configured in such a

way that the sound path S, the echo height in dB
referred to the DGS curve, the equivalent reflector
size (ERS) of the flaw echo and the calibration range
are displayed.
The measured value to be zoomed in the A-scan is
chosen by means of the function S-DISP in the function group MEAS. ERS was chosen in the above example. (Also refer to Configuring the measurement line,
p. 5-49.)
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
S-DISP = Ha%Crv, the evaluation result is now the

value exceeding the curve in %.
S-DISP = Ha%, i.e. echo height evaluation as a percentage.

At the same time, the multiple-curve display mode is
also active with a curve distance of OFFSET = 6 dB.
S-DISP = Gt is a special case: the value displayed is

the DGS test sensitivity with which the maximum of the
specified curve is at 80 %.
This value serves for the purpose of checking and documenting.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-77
Operation
Transfer correction
Sound attenuation
The transfer correction is activated by means of the

function T-CORR. The test sensitivity is varied by this
value without recalculating the curve.
If necessary, the DGS curve can take the components

effective sound attenuation (ATT-OBJ) into account.
With the value set here, the curve shape is recalculated so that the effect of sound attenuation is now taken
into consideration when evaluating reflectors.
This means that the test sensitivity is increased by

6 dB in the example in order to compensate for a possibly existing surface roughness. The echo is consequently drawn higher by 6 dB on the left, i.e. evaluated
with ERS 3.2. Status indicator in the measurement line:
a highlighted T.
5-78
The DGS curve now includes the effect of sound attenuation. An active sound attenuation correction is
indicated in the measurement line by a highlighted A.
The sound attenuation in the reference block can only
be set prior to recording the reference echo. Therefore,
an error message is displayed here if an attempt is
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
made to change the value because, in fact, a valid

reference echo already exists.
In addition, a different reference reflector type has been
used in the DGS menu below: instead of a backwall, a
circular disk (flat-bottom hole) having a diameter of
3 mm has been set in this case. In this case, of course,
the reference echo has to be received from a 3 mm
circular disk.
A side-drilled hole can also be used as a further reference reflector with some limitations. It must have a
diameter corresponding to at least 1.5 times the wavelength used, and the distance must be 1.5 times the
near-field length. The USM 35X S will check these conditions if you aim to use a side-drilled hole as reference
reflector, and will issue an error message if required.
After switching on the DGS curve, the reference echo

must therefore clearly touch the 3 mm curve.
Krautkramer USM 35X
The table on the next page indicates these minimum

data for the existing probes in steel.
Conditions for the use of side-drilled holes as reference
reflectors in steel. For other materials, the values must
be converted accordingly.
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-79
Operation
Probe
Wavelength
in steel
[mm]
Minimum Diameter
side-drilled hole
[mm]
Near Field Length

in steel
[mm]
Minimum Distance
in steel
[mm]
B1S
6.0
9.0
23
35
B2S
3.0
4.5
45
68
B4S
1.5
2.3
90
135
MB 2 S
3.0
4.5
12
MB 4 S
1.5
2.3
15
23
MB 5 S
1.2
1.8
20
30
MWB ...-2
1.6
2.4
15
23
MWB ...-4
0.8
1.2
30
45
SWB ...-2
1.6
2.4
39
59
SWB ...-5
0.7
1.1
98
147
WB ...-1
3.3
5.0
45
68
WB ...-2
1.6
2.4
90
135
5-80
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Operation
Locks, error messages
Validity of the DGS method
As long as a valid reference echo is stored, no functions can be changed which could cause an incorrect
DGS evaluation. If an attempt is made to change such
a function, the corresponding error message will appear,
e.g.
Echo amplitude evaluations according to the DGS

method are only reliable and reproducible in cases
when:
P-DELAY locked by DGS-REF = on

The DGS evaluation must likewise be switched off and
the reference echo deleted in the case of selecting a
new probe, e.g. for a new test application.
The reference echo is received from the test object if

possible. If this is not possible, it should be ensured
that the reference block is made of the same material as the test object.
The evaluation is carried out using the same probe
which was also used for recording the reference
echo. Another probe of the same type can be used
after recording a new reference echo.
Echo amplitudes for reflector distances smaller than
half of the probes near-field length are subject to
heavy variation for physical reasons due to interference phenomena effecting the area. Thus, evaluation
results may fluctuate more as the usually permissible 2 dB. An evaluation according to the DGS
method is possible but not recommended for this
cases.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
5-81
5-82
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Documentation
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
6-1
Documentation
Printing data
6.1 Printing data
Preparing the printer

The transfer parameter settings for the serial port are:
Direct printing of the following data via the RS 232

interface is possible using the USM 35X:
Baud rate
0 (no transmission), 300, 600, 1200,

2400, 4800, 9600 (default), 19200,
38400, and 57600
Word length
8 data bits (fixed)
Parity
none (fixed)
Stop bits
2 (fixed)
test report containing the A-scan and the adjustment

data
A-scan
single reading (position 1 of the measurement line)
function list (including all current settings)
Data Logger (if the version is available)
In order to ensure a perfect communication, set the

printer to the parameters of the USM 35X.
To do this, you need

a printer with serial interface RS 232
a printer cable (please see chapter 2)
Preparing the USM 35X

You decide on the type of printout by assigning the
key.
Select the function PRINTER, and then use the righthand rotary knob to select the correct printer driver.
6-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Documentation
Printing data
Use
to select the function COPYMOD, and then
use the right-hand rotary knob to select the setting:
hardcpy, report, meas P5 (enlarged value in A-scan),
meas P1 (measured value at position 1), pardump
(function list), datalog (Data Logger job including
measured values), special (several A-scans on one
page).
H Note:
The setting PCX generates a PCX-format file which you
can transfer to a PC by means of a suitable program
capable of receiving and storing data.
Printing
If you have connected, prepared and activated the
printer, just press the
key.
The report is printed out.
If you have selected the setting special, press the
key again for each A-scan that you want to print out.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
6-3
Documentation
Documentation with UltraDOC
6.2 Documentation with UltraDOC

The special application program UltraDOC from GE
Inspection Technologies enables you to remote-control
the USM 35X and to include instrument settings in
ASCII format or screen contents in PCX or IMG format
in your test report.
All data can be further processed using commerical
word processing or DTP programs.
You will receive information about the reliable use of the
program in a detailed operating manual.
6-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Maintenance and care
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
7-1
Care of the instrument
7.1 Care of the instrument

Clean the instrument and its accessories using a moist
cloth. Only use the following recommended instrument
cleaners:
water,
a mild household cleaner or
alcohol (no methyl alcohol).
Attention:
Do not use any methyl alcohol, solvents, or dye penetrant cleaners!

The plastic parts can be damaged or embrittled by this.
7-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Care of the batteries
7.2 Care of the batteries
A Attention:
You should only use the batteries recommended by us

and the corresponding battery charger. An improper
handling of the batteries and of the battery charger may
cause explosion hazard.
Capacity and life of batteries mainly depend on the

correct handling. Please therefore observe the tips below.
You should charge the batteries in the following cases:
before the initial startup
If batteries are only partially discharged (less than

50 % of operating time), the full capacity is not reached
by normal charging.
Start by fully discharging the batteries. You can use
the discharging function of the charger for this. For
more details, please read the notes on the operation
of the battery charger.
after a storage time of 3 months or longer

after frequent partial discharge
Charging the batteries
The batteries are automatically charged after that.
You can charge the lithium-ion battery either directly in

the instrument or by means of the external battery
charger DR36 (order number 35 297) recommended by
us. You always need an external battery charger to
charge standard C-cells. In this regard, please pay attention to the information on the operation of the battery
charger.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Charging of partially discharged NiCd batteries
Charging of exhausted NiCd batteries

If batteries are exhausted, e.g. after a prolonged storage time in empty state, they often reach their full capacity only after repeated discharge/charge cycles.
Issue 01, 04/2005
7-3
The charger identifies defective batteries. In that case,

replace the batteries by a new set. Otherwise there is
the danger that individual cells have different capacities
so that you will no longer obtain the normal operating
time with the instrument in battery operation.
How to handle alkaline batteries

Please remove the batteries from the instrument if it
has not been operated for a longer time.
A Attention:
Leaking batteries may cause severe damages to the
instrument! You should always only use leak-proof
batteries and remove them from the instrument after
turning it off.
H Note:
Used batteries are special waste and have to be
disposed of according to legal requirements!
In the interest of environmental protection, we recommend that you only use rechargeable batteries.
7-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Maintenance
7.3 Maintenance
The USM 35X requires basically no maintenance.
A Attention:
Repair work may only be carried out by members of
authorized Service staff of GE Inspection Technologies.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
7-5
Recycling
7.4 Recycling
General view of the device
In the following you find an instrument overview as well as guidelines and notes for recycling and waste disposal of
the components.

7-6
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Recycling
No.
Recycling/material code
Description
Lithium-ion battery
LCD - display
>PC< / Brass
4
5
6
7
8
9
Stainless steel
Aluminium
>PC<
Stainless steel
>PC<
Aluminium
Battery inside the battery compartment at the bottom of the instrument. In

order to open the compartment the quick acting closures have to be
actuated.
Fluorescent lamps of the LCD display contain trance amounts (0 0.5 mg)
of Mercury (Hg)
Upper equipment cover Polycarbonat >PC< with pressed in brass thread
insert.
Handle complete
Rotary control button
Holder for handle
Ratchet disk
Housing lower part
Div. mounting brackets
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
7-7
Recycling
Materials for separate disposal

In the following you find guidelines and notes for removing materials/components, which must be removed and
treated separately.

7-8
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Recycling
No.
2
3
Lithium-ion battery
LCD - display
Krautkramer USM 35X
Description
In order to remove the LCD-Display the upper housing has to be withdrawn
first. After loosing 6 screws on the bottom side and one further in batterycompartment, the complete upper housing can be taken away.
In order to open the compartment at the bottom of the equipment, the quick
acting closures have to be actuated.
Inside the battery compartment. Can easily be removed after opening the
battery cover.
Fluorescent lamps of the LCD display contain trance amounts (0 0.5 mg)
of Mercury (Hg).
Issue 01, 04/2005
7-9
Recycling
Further materials and components

In the following you find notes for dismantling materials/components, which can disturb several recycling processes, and materials/components for which benefits can normally be achieved.

7-10
Issue 01, 04/2005

Krautkramer USM 35X
Recycling
No.
Description
>PC< / Brass
2
3
4
5
Circuit boards
Aluminium
Stainless steel
>PC<
Upper equipment cover Polycarbonat >PC< with pressed in brass thread

insert.
Circuit board in lower housing, under it battery-PCB
Two rotary control buttons
Handle, rubber tube can be removed
Lower housing and battery-cover
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
7-11
Recycling
Recycling data of master device

Weight
approx. (kg)
Description
Materials/components, which must be removed and treated separately:

LCD - display
0.22
Fluorescent lamps of the LCD display contain trance amounts
(0 0.5 mg) of Mercury (Hg)
Lithium-ion battery
0.49
Located inside the battery compartment
subtotal
0.71
Materials/components, which can disturb certain recycling processes:
>PC< / brass
0.16
Upper equipment cover Polycarbonat >PC< with pressed in
brass thread insert.
Circuit boards
0.33
Under LC display unit
subtotal
0.49
Materials/components, through which benefits can normally be achieved:
Stainless steel
0.18
Handle, ratchet disk,
Aluminium
0.15
Rotary control button, mounting sheets,
>PC<
0.42
Lower housing, holder for handle, battery-cover
Rubber
0.05
O-Rings, rubberbase, rubber tube of handle, keypad sealing
subtotal
0.80
7-12
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Recycling
Weight
approx. (kg)
Description
Composite materials*:
Membrane keypad
subtotal
0.20
0.20
Foil/aluminium/glass/spring steel/stainless steel
Total
2.20
Mounting material, cables,

clamps, screws ...
0.16
Total weight (incl. battery)
2.36
Special notes: none

* Materials/components, which cannot be separated into mono materials by destructive mechanical processes
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
7-13
7-14
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Interfaces and peripherals
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-1
Interfaces and Peripherals
8.1
Interfaces
Interfaces
The USM 35X presents different interfaces for the connection of external units and for the data exchange. All
interfaces are located at the instrument front. The following figure gives an overview of the position of interfaces.
8-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Interfaces
1 BNC or LEMO-1-TRIAX socket for the connection of

the transmitter probe (black ring)
2 BNC or LEMO-1-TRIAX socket for the connection of
the receiver probe (red ring)
3 RS 232
serial interface, 9-way Sub-D socket
4 I/O
analog interface, 8-way LEMO-1-B socket
5 RGB-OUT
VGA interface, 10-way LEMO-1-B socket
6 12V DC
Mains connection socket, 4-way LEMO-0-B socket
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-3
8.2
I/O interface
I/O interface
The USM 35X has an 8-way I/O interface (LEMO-1-B

socket) for different input and output signals:
SAP output (transmitter trigger pulse)
Alarm output (TTL): switching delay approx. 50 ms,
hold time approx. 500 ms.
TDR input (test data release)
Analog output
H Note:
View of the 8-way LEMO-1-B socket
You are able to externally process the alarm condition

with the alarm output, e.g. for sorting and other control
purposes. Error alarms can be triggered under certain
circumstances. These are caused by intermediate conditions in instrument operation occuring when the instrument is used, i.e. when function parameters are
changed. Possible alarms occuring during instrument operation (setting of functions) are to be ignored.
8-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
I/O interface
Contact assignment of the LEMO-1-B socket

Contact Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SAP
alarm A
alarm B
unassigned
unassigned
TDR
Analog output, amplitude or time of flight
(selectable via remote-control code, see
chapter 8.4 Remote Control)
GND
Signal direction
Level
Colour (UM 25*)
output
output
output
input
output
TTL
TTL
TTL
TTL active high

05V
white
grey
yellow
pink
black
blue
green
ground
brown
*UM 25: analog cable (35 268)
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-5
8.3
RS 232 interface
RS 232 interface
Contact assignment of the Sub-D socket

Contact Designation
The USM 35X has a RS 232 interface for remote control and documentation (report printout).
View of the 9-way Sub-D socket
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
unassigned
RXD
TXD
DTR
ground
DSR
RTS
CTS
unassigned
Signal direction
Level
input
output
output
input
output
input
RS 232
RS 232
RS 232
RS 232
RS 232
RS 232
RS 232
H Note:
Switch off the instrument before connecting a cable to
the RS 232 socket or before withdrawing any plugs.
8-6
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
RGB interface
8.4
RGB interface
H Note:
The RGB interface serves for the output of the VGA

signal. You can use this interface to connect the
USM 35X with a monitor or with a VGA projector
(beamer). The current display contents are then transferred to the external unit and can be further used
accordingly.
Before you are able to use the RGB interface, you

have to activate the function VGA in the function group
LCD first.
H Note:
For technical reasons it is unfortunately not possible to
maintain a stable synchronisation of both displays if
the VGA output is active. The external signal for the
connected monitor or beamer is entirely synchronised.
A flickering of the internal display has to be accepted
though. The internal display will be synchronous as
soon as the VGA output has been deactivated.
The interface is a 10-way socket type Lemo-0-B. The
standard contact assignment makes it suitable for all
VGA output units. Use the VGA adapter UM 31 (order
number 35 653) in order to connect a VGA output unit.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-7
8.5
Data exchange
Data exchange
Activation of serial communication
transfer A-scans for documentation,
After connecting the instrument to the PC you must

run a software that opens the serial port. This can either be a commercial terminal program (e.g. Microsoft
Hyper Terminal) or a customised program like
UltraDOC. Make sure that the serial communication
parameters on the PC are identical to those of the
instrument.
transfer instrument settings in ASCII format,
The data transmission parameters are as follows:
transfer reports from stored datasets,
Baud rate:
The USM 35X is equipped with the serial interface

RS 232 for bi-directional data communication with a PC.
When you connect the instrument with a PC you can:
remote control the instrument via the PC,
transfers Datalogger jobs in ASCII format (option)

read and write datasets in binary format.
Connecting a printer or a PC
You can connect the USM 35X to a printer or a PC
using the special Krautkramer cables:
PC:
Printer:
UD 20 (25-way) or UD 31 (9-way)
UD 31 (Seiko DPU) or UD 32 (Epson)
Please refer to chapter 2.

8-8
0 (no transmission), 300, 600, 1200,

2400, 4800, 9600 (default), 19200,
38400, and 57600
Word length: 8 data bits (fixed)
Parity:
none (fixed)
Stop bits:
2 (fixed)
The baud rate can be set in the function BAUD-R in
the menu CFG1 from the third operating level.
The settings on the USM 35X apply to most of the
printers and PCs. To ensure a perfect communication,
please check the settings of the connected peripherals
and adjust them to the parameters of the USM 35X.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Data exchange
Printing data
8.6
The USM 35X enables a direct printout of data, for

example a report including the echo display and the
instrument settings.
You can use a connected PC for the remote control of

the USM 35X.
To do this, select the printer driver in the function

PRINTER (function group CFG1) and just press the
key after having initialized and activated the printer.
The data selected by you in the function COPYMOD
(function group CFG1) are printed.
For more details on this, please refer to chapter 6.
Remote control
The data transfer is carried out by means of a remote

control program and the corresponding remote control
commands. These commands represent instructions
referring to the individual functions of the USM 35X.
The program Crosstalk can for example be used as
remote control program under DOS. In Windows based
systems it is possible to use e.g. the Terminal program.
After the remote control program has been started and
the program interface has been configured, the commands are input via the keyboard of the computer. In
this connection, please observe the following differentiation:
Interrogation of a value or state of a USM 35X
function using the command structure:
<ESC> <COMMAND> <RETURN>
The USM 35X transmits the value of the current setting.

Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-9
Remote control
Entry of a new value or state of a function using the

command structure:
<ESC> <COMMAND> <SPACE> <VALUE> <RE TURN>
A resolution of 0.01 means:
<ESC>dd 7239 <RETURN>

Setting of the display width to 72.3 mm:
<ESC>dw 7230 <RETURN>
8-10
The USM 35X transmits the value of a function multiplied by the factor of 10. The entry of a value must be
done multiplied by the factor of 10.
Example:
Setting of the gain to 51.5 dB
The USM 35X transmits the value of a function multiplied by the factor of 100. The entry of a value must be
done multiplied by the factor of 100.
Setting of the display delay to 72.39 mm:
<ESC>dw 19200 <RETURN>

A resolution of 0.1 means:
All values are entered or transmitted by the USM 35X

without a comma or a point. The resolution of the function should therefore be observed with all values. The
resolution of a function applies to the entire value
range of that function.
Examples
Setting of the display width to 192 mm:
<ESC>db 515 <RETURN>

A resolution of 1 means:
The USM 35X transmits the value of a function without
multiplication. The entry of a value must be done without any multiplication.
Example:
Setting the response threshold of gate a to 41 %:
<ESC>at 41 <RETURN>
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Syntax and timing

The syntax and timing of the communication with the
instrument is as follows:
With:
ESC
= escape (ASCII CHR 27)
= star (ASCII CHR 42)
AB
= remote code of an instrument function
CR
= carriage return (ASCII CHR 13)
|_|
= Space (ASCII CHR 32)
n Bytes = function value of function AB

ETX
= end of text (ASCII CHR 3)
LF
= line feed (ASCII CHR 10)
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-11
Remote control
Transmission timing
As soon as the instrument has received the ESC
command, is will return the * which then will be
displayed on PC screen.
Then you key in the wanted remote code according
to the given table. The instrument echoes your
entries.
Finally you hit the [CR]-key on your keyboard or
send the CR-command (closing the remote
command).
The instrument will now return a blank, then the
related function value which may consist of several
Bytes, then the end of text character, and finally
the carriage return and the line feed character.
8-12
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Example:
Request RANGE value from the USM 35X
Remote code of the range function is DW (display

width). Please note that numerical function values are
always returned as integer values with the given maximum resolution, here DW = 5000 means 50.00 mm.
Example:
Request reading at position 2 in the measurement line
Remote code of measurement position 2 is E2 (evaluation 2). E2 = 10.81 means 10.81 mm (here sound
path of the echo in gate A had been displayed). Please
note that all readings are shown in that applicable
decimal format where the decimal separator is a dot.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-13
Remote control
Changing a function value

Key in [ESC] DW [Space] 2000 [CR] in order to set
the range to 20.00 mm:
Please note that you must key in the function value as

an integer with the maximum given resolution, here
2000 for the range of 20 mm.
Alphanumerical entries
Key in [ESC] DN [Space] Weld inspection B 45/2
[CR] in order to enter the dataset name (DATNAME)
Weld inspection B 45/2. All alphanumerical entries
may have a maximum length of 24 characters. In case
the string length exceeds 24 characters, it will automatically be cut to 24 characters.
With the other alpahnumerical fields in the TESTINF
table you may easily describe the dataset.
8-14
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Transfer of datasets
A total of 800 datasets (complete instrument setup
including A-scan) can be stored in the instrument. The
stored datasets including the actual setting (dataset # 0)
can be transferred to the PC in compressed binary
format for archiving purposes. If required, the datasets
may be downloaded back to the insturment for re-use
or echo comparison. This bi-directional dataset transfer is part of the software UltraDOC.
Actual dataset (# 0) from the instrument to the PC:
v1 ... vn describes the software version of the USM, bytes

b1 ... bn contain the instrument setting including A-scan.
In order to store this information you must write the
transferred bytes v1 ... vn, CR, LF, b1 ... bn into a file.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-15
Remote control
Dataset file from the PC to the instruments dataset

#1:
*) at this time the instruments waits for the reception of

the bytes v1 ... vn CR LF b1 ... bn. The instrument now
checks whether received dataset is compatible with
the current software version of the instrument, and
whether the dataset is valid (correct checksum).
8-16
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Functions and remote control codes
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
Presettings are in bold-face type. You will find a brief

description of all functions in chapter 9.1 Function
directory.
aLOGIC
AM
0 = off
1 = pos
2 = neg
If not otherwise stated, all values refer to steel,

C = 5920 m/s.
AMPLCOR**
AC
-25 to +25 dB / 0
0.1
ANAMODE
AQ
0 = 0 volt
1 = 5 volts
ANGLE
PA
0 - 90 / 0
0.1
A-SCAN
AS
0 = stndard
1 = compare
2 = envelop
3 = peak b
4 = afreeze
5 = bfreeze
6 = cfreeze***
aSTART
AD
0 - 9999 mm / 35
0 - 250" / 1.500
0.01
0.001
aTHRSH
AT
10 - 90 % / 40
-90 - -10 % additionally with rf
ATTENR
BC
0 - 1101 dB
0.1
The functions marked with * are only available in the

USM 35X DAC and USM 35X S (DAC evaluation), the
functions marked with ** are only available in the
USM 35X S (DGS evaluation).
Functions which are only availabe in connection with
the Data Logger option are marked with *** (please
also refer to the section Remote control in chapter
Option Data Logger on this subject).
Read only functions are marked with R.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-17
Remote control
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
Function
Code
Range/Default
ATT-OBJ**
AO
0 - 100 dB/m / 0
0.1
BOLDLI
DV
ATT-REF**
AR
0 - 100 dB/m / 0
0.1
aWIDTH
AW
0.1 - 9999 mm / 40
0.004 - 250" / 1.500
0.01
0.001
0 = off
1=L
2=M
3=H
4=U
5=T
6=a
BAUD-R
BR
0=0
1= 300
2 = 600
3 = 1200
4 = 2400
5 = 4800
6 = 9600
7 = 19200
8 = 38400
9 = 57600
bSTART
2D
0 - 9999 mm / 85
0 - 250" / 3.500
0.01
0.001
bTHRSH
2T
10 - 90 % / 30
-90 - -10 % additionally with rf
bWIDTH
2W
0.1 - 9999 mm / 40
0.004 - 250" / 1.500
0.01
0.001
CAL
CA
read only
COLOR
CH
0 = off
1=1
2=2
COMMENT
CO
alphanumerical input
bLOGIC
8-18
2L
0 = off
1 = pos
2 = neg
3 = a trig
Resolution
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
COPYMOD
CM
0 = hardcpy
1 = report
2 = meas P1
3 = pardump
4 = PCX
5 = store
6 = datalog***
7 = off
8 = special
D eff**
XD
3 - 35 mm / 9.7
0.120 - 1.400" / 0.380
(only for probe-# 0)
0.01
0.001
D-DELAY
DD
-10 - 1024 mm / 0
-0.3 - 40" / 0
0.01
0.001
DELALL
EX
0 = off
1 = on
DELETE
EA
0 = off
1 = on
DEL-VEL**
VV
1000 - 15000 m/s / 2730

(only for probe-# 0)
DGS-CRV**
DU
0.5 - 35 mm / 3.0
0.02 - 1.400 / 0.1
0.01
0.001
DGSMENU
T5
0 = off
1 = on
DGSMOD**
DS
0 = off
1 = on
DGS-REF**
DR
0 = off
1 = on
DACECHO*
TE
0 - 10 / 0
DACMOD*
TM
0 = off
1 = DAC
2 = TCG
DAMPING
PG
0 = low
1 = high
DATE
DE
numerical input
e.g. 26-01-99
DATNAME
DN
DBSTEP
ST
6.5 ... 20 dB
Krautkramer USM 35X
0.1
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-19
Remote control
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
DIALOG
DG
0 = German
1 = English
2 = French
3 = Italian
4 = Spanish
5 = Portuguese
6 = Dutch
7 = Swedish
8 = Slovenian
9 = Romanian
10 = Finnish
11 = Czech
12 = Danish
13 = Hungarian
14 = Croatian
15 = Russian
16 = Slovakian
17 = Norwegian
18 = Polish
19 = Japanese
DUAL
DM
0 = off
1 = on
EVAMOD
EM
0 = DAC
1 = DGS
2 = REF
5 = JISDAC
FILLED
FI
0 = off
1 = on
FINE G
FG
10 - +30 / 0
FLAWIND
FB
FLAWLEN
FL
0 - 999 mm / 0
0 - 40" / 0
0.01
0.001
FREQU
FR
0.1 / 0.01
0 = 0.5 - 4 MHz
1 = 2 - 20 MHz
2 = 0.8 - 8 MHz
3 = 0.2 - 1 MHz
GAIN
DB
0 - 110 dB / 30
0.1
HORN
HO
0 = off
1 = on
DIAMET
OD
10 - 2000 mm / 0.4 - 800"

800.01" = flat
DIR
T3
0 = off
1 = on
8-20
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
INDICAR
BA
-1101 - 1101 dB
0.1
PRBFREQ**
XF
0.5 - 10.0 MHz
0.04
LIGHT
LT
0 = off
1 = on
PRBNAME**
PN
PREVIEW
T2
MAGNIFY
MA
0 = off
1 = aGAT
2 = bGAT
0 = off
1 = on
PRF-MOD
PF
10 steps:
0 = step 1
1 = step 2
2 = step 3
3 = step 4
4 = step 5
5 = step 6
6 = step 7
7 = step 8
8 = step 9
9 = step 10
MEAS-P1
MEAS-P2
MEAS-P3
MEAS-P4
M1
M2
M3
M4
Setting range see S-DISP
MTLVEL
SV
1000 - 15000 m/s / 5920

40 - 600 "/ms / 233
1
0.1
OBJECT
OB
OFFSET*
TO
0 - 14 dB / 0
OPERAT
PE
P-DELAY
PD
0 - 199.99 s / 0
0.01
POWER
PI
0 = low
1 = high
Krautkramer USM 35X
0.5
PRINTER
Issue 01, 04/2005
PR
0 = Epson
1 = HP Laserjet
2 = HP Deskjet
3 = DPU-41x
4 = HP Laserjet 1200 series
5 = HP Deskjet 1200 series
8-21
Remote control
Function
Code
Range/Default
PROBE-#**
PB
0 = variable / alphanumerical input

1 = B1-S
13 = SWB45-2
2 = B2-S
14 = SWB60-2
3 = B4-s
15 = SWB70-2
4 = MB2-S
16 = SWB45-5
5 = MB4-S
17 = SWB60-5
6 = MB5-S
18 = SWB70-5
7 = MWB45-2
19 = WB45-1
8 = MWB60-2
20 = WB60-1
9 = MWB70-2
21 = WB70-1
10 = MWB45-4
22 = WB45-2
11 = MWB60-4
23 = WB60-2
12 = MWB70-4
24 = WB70-2
RANGE
DW
0.5 - 4 MHz / 0.2 - 1 MHz:

0.5 - 9999 mm / 250
0.02 - 390" / 10
Resolution
0.01
0.001
2 - 20 / 0.8 - 8 MHz:
0.5 - 1420 mm / 250
0.02 - 56" / 10
0.01
0.001
RATINGR
BD
-1101 - 1101 db
0.1
RECALL
RD
0 = off
1 = on
8-22
Function
Code
Range/Default
Resolution
RECTIFY
RF
0 = full-w
1= pos hw
2 = neg hw
3 = rf
REFECHO
RC
0 = no ref.
1 = ref. stored
REFECHO**
RE
0 = BW
1 = SDH
2 = FDH
REFMODE
RO
0 = off
1 = on
REFRNCER
BB
0 - 1101 dB
0.1
REFSIZE**
RS
0.5 - 10 mm / 3
0.01
REJECT
RJ
0 - 80 % / 0
SCALE
SE
0 = measval
1 = snd-pth.
2 = div.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Function
Code
Range/Default
SCHEME
CS
0 = green/black
1 = orange/black
2 = black/white
3 = black/yellow
S-DISP
VS
0=off
2=Sb
4=Sc-a***
6=Sb-a***
8=Hb %
10=Ha dB
12=Hc dB***
14=R-end
16=Db
18=Pa
20=Pc***
22=Rb
24=ERS
26=Ha %crv
28=Hc %crv***
30=DGS-Crv
32=freeLoc***
34=freeLoJ
36=La
38=Lc
40=Defdpth
42=DAC dB
44=Gr dB
Krautkramer USM 35X
Resolution
1=Sa
1
3=Sc***
5=Sc-b***
7=Ha %
9=Hc %***
11=Hb dB
13=R-start
15=Da
17=Dc***
19=Pb
21=Ra
23=Rc***
25=Gt dB
27=Hb %crv
29=Alarm
31=freeJob***
33=freeAsc***
35=lastLoc
37=Lb
39=Gatewid
41=class
43=LOC-#
Function
Code
Range/Default
SETTING
T4
0 = off
1 = on
SET-#
ND
1 - 800 / 1
S-REF1
R1
0 - 5000 mm / 50
0 - 200" / 2.0
0.01
0.001
S-REF2
R2
0 - 5000 mm / 100
0 - 200" / 4.0
0.01
0.001
STO-INF
SC
0 = off
1 = on
STORE
SD
0 = off
1 = on
SURFACE
SU
T-CORR *
DC
-24 - +24 dB / 0
TESTINF
T1
0 = off
1 = on
THICKNE
TH
1 - 9999 mm / 25
0.05 - 400" / 1
Issue 01, 04/2005
Resolution
0.5
0.01
0.001
8-23
Remote control
Function
Code
Range/Default
TIME
TI
numerical input, e.g. 12:30:00
TOF
AF
0 = flank
1 = peak
2 = jflank
UNIT
UN
0 = mm
1 = inch
VGA
VG
0 = off
1 = on
Resolution
X-POS
XP
0 - 999 mm / 0
0 - 40" / 0
0.01
0.001
X-VALUE
XV
0 - 100 mm / 0
0 - 40" / 0
0.01
0.001
0 - 999 mm / 0
0 - 40" / 0
0.01
0.001
Y-POS
8-24
YP
Other remote control codes

Code
Function/description
<
Select the next left sided menu
>
Select the next right sided menu
AG
dB-Difference from the reference gain (ref. echo

at 80 %) to the registration gain (maximum of
selected DGS curve at 80 %), read only
AP
Analog output setting

0 = amplitude
1 = time of flight
DA
A-scan amplitudes transferred as binary data
DV
Send the DAC points in tics and dB, DAC, read only
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
Read value form measurement line (position 1)

Read value displayed in the A-scan
EL
Send the contents of the LCD as binary data

stream, read only
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Code
Code
EV
Read alarm LED status:

0 = no alarm
1 = alarm in A
2 = alarm in B
3 = alarm in A+B
TZ
Zoom on/off:
0 = off
1 = on
UD
Send data set as binary data
HD
Editable header data from report transferred as

ASCII-format data
UR
Read data set as binary data
I1
I2
Set information line in the startup screen

Set information line in the startup screen
(up to 39 characters)
ID
Read instrument software version
RG
Reference gain (reference echo at 80 %), read only
SL
Scroll home: selection of the first function in every

function group and of the left function group in every
function group line.
TF
Freeze on/off:
0 = off
1 = on
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-25
Remote control
Control codes for the rotary knobs/

function keys
Function
Code
Range
Left-hand
rotary knob/
gain
G+
G-
increment
decrement
Right-hand
rotary knob
K+
K-
increment
decrement
dB-STEP
0 = 0.0
1 = 0.5
2 = 1.0
3 = 2.0
4 = 6.0
5 = 6.5 20
FREEZE
off / on
ZOOM
off / on
COPY
off / on
8-26
Key
Function
Code
Range
ENTER
off / on
level
10
1st/2nd operation level
Issue 01, 04/2005
Key
Krautkramer USM 35X
Remote control
Function
Key
Code
Function
BASE
MEAS
PULS
MSEL
RECV
LCD
aGAT
CFG1
bGAT
CFG2
CAL
REF/DAC/
DGS/JDAC
TRIG
MEM
DATA
Krautkramer USM 35X
Function
Key
Key
Code
Code
first
second
third
fourth
Issue 01, 04/2005
8-27
Remote control
Attention:
In rare cases concerning remote control sequences,

reading measurement values directly after changing a
function value in the USM 35X, there could be errors as
long as the instrument has not ended setting the value.
In such cases, additional commands must be inserted
into the remote control sequence before the measurement values are read.
Example:
If you create a remote control sequence, by which the
sound path of an echo is read after freezing the Ascan, the command chain would be as follows:
Command
<ESC>F<RETURN>
<ESC>E3<RETURN>
<ESC>F<RETURN>
...
8-28
Answer
Description
50,74
A-scan freeze
Read sound path
Disable A-scan freeze
In the interests of security, insert additional read commands before reading the sound path, e.g.:
Command
Answer
Description
...
<ESC>F<RETURN>
<ESC>DB<RETURN>
<ESC>DB<RETURN>
<ESC>DB<RETURN>
<ESC>DB<RETURN>
<ESC>E3<RETURN>
<ESC>F<RETURN>
...
580
580
580
580
50,74
A-scan freeze
Read dB setting
Read dB setting
Read dB setting
Read dB setting
Read sound path
Disable A-scan freeze
With these measures you ensure that sufficient time

has passed in order to completely execute the previous command (display freeze) before transferring the
sound path. Finally, check your remote control sequence to see that the measurement values can be
correctly read, and add further read commands if necessary.
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Appendix
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
9-1
Appendix
Function directory
9.1 Function directory

The functions marked with * are only available on the
USM 35X DAC / USM 35X S (DAC evaluation mode),
those market with ** are exclusively available on the
USM 35X S (DGS evaluation mode).
Function
Function group
Description
aLOGIC
aGAT
Evaluation logic of the gate A
AMPLCOR**
DGS
Amplitude correction
ANAMOD
CFG2
Setting of the analog output
ANGLE
TRIG
Entry of the angle for calculating

the (reduced) projection
distance (angle-beam probes)
A-SCAN
MEAS
Settings of the A-scan
aSTART
aGAT
Starting point of the gate A
aTHRSH
aGAT
Threshold of the gate A
ATTEN
DGS
Sound attenuation in the test

piece
9-2
Function
Function group
ATT-REF**
DGS
Sound attenuation in the

reference block
ATT-OBJ**
DGS
Sound attenuation in the

test object
aWIDTH
aGAT
Width of the gate A
BAUD-R
CFG1
Baud rate for serial port

transmission
bLOGIC
bGAT
Evaluation logic in the gate B
BOLDLI
JDAC
Selection and emphasizing of

registration curve
bSTART
bGAT
Starting point of the gate B
bTHRSH
bGAT
Starting point of the gate B
bWIDTH
bGAT
Width of the gate B
CAL
CAL
Semiautomatic calibration
COLOR
TRIG
Marking of legs
COMMENT
DATA
Comment
Issue 01, 04/2005
Description
Krautkramer USM 35X
Appendix
Function directory
Function
Function group
Description
Function
COPYMOD
CFG1
Assignment of the
key
DACECHO*
DAC/JDAC
Recording of a reference echo

for the DAC
Function group
Description
DGS-CRV**
DGS
Recording curve for DGS

evaluation mode
DGSMENU**
DGS
Activating/Deactivating the DGS

menu table for selecting the
probe and further DGS settings
DACMODE*
DAC/JDAC
Activating/Deactivating the DAC
DAMPING
PULS
Damping of the probes

oscillating circuit
DGSMODE**
DGS
Activating/Deactivating DGS
evaluation mode
DATE
CFG2
Current date
DGS-REF**
DGS
Recording of DGS reference

echo
dBSTEP
RECV
User-programmable gain step

DIALOG
CFG1
Selecting the language
D-DELAY
BASE
Setting of the display start

DIAMET
TRIG
D eff**
DGS
Effective element diameter of

the probe used
Change between plane-parallel

and circular curved test
components
DELALL
MEM
Deleting all stored data sets
DIR
DATA
Dataset directory
DELETE
MEM
Deleting a stored data set
DUAL
PULS
Separation of pulser and

receiver
DEL-VEL**
DGS
Material velocity for probe delay

EVAMOD
CFG2
Switchover REF DAC DGS

JDAC
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
9-3
Appendix
Function
Function directory
Function group
Description
Function
Function group
Description
MEAS-P1
MEAS-P2
MEAS-P3
MEAS-P4
MSEL
Selection of measured values

at four positions of the
measurment line
MTLVEL
BASE
Setting of the material sound

velocity
OBJECT
DATA
Object description
OFFSET*
DAC/JDAC
Offset for multiple DAC
OPERAT
DATA
Name of the operator
FILLED
LCD
Selecting the echo display mode

(filled or normal)
FINE G
RECV
Fine adjustment of gain within a

range of approx. 4 dB in 40 steps
FLAWLEN
DATA
Flawlength
FREQU
RECV
Selecting the frequency range

for the connected probe
GAIN
left-hand
rotary knob
Setting of the gain
HORN
CFG2
Switching the acoustic alarm

signal on/off
P-DELAY
BASE
Compensating for the probe

delay line
INDICA
AWS
Flaw gain in dB
for AWS evaluation
POWER
PULS
Setting the power of the initial

pulse
LIGHT
LCD
Choice of lightning for

the display
PRBFREQ**
DGS
Probe frequency
PRBNAME**
DGS
Probe name
MAGNIFY
MEAS
Gate spreading
PREVIEW
DATA
Dataset preview with A-scan
9-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Appendix
Function directory
Function
Function group
Description
Function
Function group
PRF-MOD
Description
PULS
Setting the pulse repetition

frequency
REFRNCE
AWS
Reference gain in dB
for AWS evaluation
PROBE-#**
DGS
Probe number
REFSIZE**
DGS
Size of the reference reflector
PRINTER
CFG1
Selecting the printer for the test

report
REJECT
RECV
Suppression of unwanted or
spurious echo indications
RANGE
BASE
Setting of the range in which the

measurement is made.
SCALE
LCD
Choice of display mode

for the measurement line
RATING
AWS
Flaw rating as dB value
SCHEME
LCD
Choice of a color scheme for

the screen display
RECALL
MEM
Retrieving a stored data set

S-DISP
MEAS
RECTIFY
RECV
Selection of rectification
Zoomed display of a selected

parameter
REFECHO
REF
For storing a reference echo

for the measurement of
dB difference
SET-#
MEM
Number of the data set
SETTING
DATA
Display of a function list
REFECHO**
DGS
Type of the reference reflextor

used
S-REF1
S-REF2
CAL
Reference echo 1 for calibration

Reference echo 2 for calibration
REFMOD
REF
Activation of echo comparison
STO-INF
DATA
Saving the current additional

information
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
9-5
Appendix
Function
Function directory
Function group
Description
Function
Function group
X-VALUE
TRIG
Entry of the distance between

probe index (sound exit point)
and leading face of the
angle-beam probe
Y-POS
DATA
Y-position coordinate
STORE
MEM
Saving the data set
SURFACE
DATA
Condition of surface
T-CORR*
DAC/AVG/
JDAC
Sensitivity correction, e.g. to

compensate for transfer losses
TESTINF
DATA
Saving additional information
THICKNE
TRIG
Entry of workpiece thickness

for calculation of real flaw depth
TIME
CFG2
Current time
TOF
MEAS
Selection of the measuring

point for the gate
UNIT
CFG1
Selecting the unit of

measurement mm or inch
VGA
LCD
Activating/Deactivating the VGA

output
X-POS
DATA
X-position coordinate
9-6
Issue 01, 04/2005
Description
Krautkramer USM 35X
Appendix
EC declaration of conformity
9.2 EC declaration of conformity

We declare that the USM 35X conforms to the following
European directives:
89/336EEC (Electromagnetic compatibility)
The conformity of the above-mentioned product with the
regulations of the directive 89/336EEC is proven by the
observance of the standard specifications
EN 55011: 1998 Class A, Group 2 and
EN 61000-6-2: 1997
EN 61000-6-4: 1997.
The conformity of the above-mentioned product with the
regulations of the directive 73/23/EEC, amended by the
directive 93/68/EEC, is proven by the observance of
the standard specification
EN 61010-1: 2001.
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
9-7
Appendix
Manufacturer/Service addresses
9.3 Manufacturer/
Service addresses
If there is anything special that you would like to know

about the use, handling, operation and specifications of
the instruments, please contact your nearest GE
Inspection Technologies representative or directly:
The Krautkramer USM 35X is manufactured by:

GE Inspection Technologies GmbH
GE Inspection Technologies GmbH
Robert-Bosch-Str. 3
D 50354 Hrth
Service-Center
Robert-Bosch-Str. 3
D 50354 Hrth
Phone +49 (0) 22 33 - 601 111

Fax
+49 (0) 22 33 - 601 402
or:
The USM 35X is manufactured according to state-of-theart methods using high-quality components. Thorough
in-process inspections or intermediate tests and a quality
management system certified to DIN EN ISO 9001
ensure an optimum quality of conformance of the
instrument.
Postfach 1363
D 50330 Hrth
Phone +49 (0) 22 33 - 601 111
Fax
+49 (0) 22 33 - 601 402
Should you nevertheless detect an error on your

instrument, switch the instrument off and remove the
batteries. Inform your local GE Inspection Technologies
Service indicating the error and describing it.
Keep the shipping container for any repairs possibly
required which cannot be made on the spot.
9-8
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Appendix
Manufacturer/Service addresses
France
USA
GE Inspection Technologies Scs

SAC Sans Souci
68, Chemin des Ormeaux
F 69760 Limonest
GE Inspection Technologies, LP
50 Industrial Park Road
USA Lewistown, PA 17044
Phone +33 47 - 217 92 20

Fax
+33 47 - 847 56 98
Phone +1 717 - 242 03 27

Fax
+1 717 - 242 26 06
Great Britain
GE Inspection Technologies
892 Charter Avenue
Canley
GB Coventry CV4 8AF
Phone +44 845 - 130 - 3925
Fax
+44 845 - 130 - 5775
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
9-9
Appendix
9.4 Spare parts list
Spare parts list
32
23
31
4
33
24
35
25
34
9-10
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Appendix
Spare parts list
10
11
38
54
2
53
30
3
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
9-11
Appendix
Spare parts list
1
21
27
51
20
26
28
9
36
52
8
22
29
9-12
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Krautkramer USM 35X

Issue 01, 04/2005
16
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
4
2
2
33
35
36
37
38
50
51
52
53
54
-
34
32
2
2
31
22
21
20
30
29
12
11
28
10
27
26
25
24
36162-3.220
PCB assembly USM 32 X L
36161-3.220
PCB assembly USM 32 X B+F
23
36160-3.220
PCB assembly USM 35 X
Id.-No.
35258-2.380
Handle (Modification-Set complete)

08.March.05 / Ant
18906-7.139
103120-7.137
14520-7.820
101067-7.232
100874-7.232
12326-7.139
36056-6.530
36071-6.070
35634-6.650
35629-6.640
34882-6.640
34994-6.640
18672-7.820
35301-6.640
34796-6.600
35633-6.600
35631-6.600
35622-6.600
35621-6.600
35612-6.600
35253-6.540
36059-6.630
34809-6.020
102044-6.020
102043-6.020
103138-6.020
06650-7.130
36070-3.180
36128-3.220
35636-3.180
35451-3.180
35635-3.180
35632-3.160
35593-3.120
36166-3.110
36165-3.190
36164-3.130
Blanking cap , BNC
Blanking cap , Lemo
Rubber foot
Converter
LCD-Display
Locking screw
Rotary position transducer
Sealing screw
Isolation foil
Clamp, upper
Clamp, lower
Sealing (Key pad)
Pressure devices
Holder for handle
Ratchet disk
Contact plate
Cover
Mounting bracket LCD inverter
Mounting bracket LCD
Mounting bracket
Handle
Rotatable knob
Spacer sleeve
Spacer (8 mm)
Spacer (14 mm)
Spacer (23 mm)
BNC-Connector
Cable Lemo - MicroCoax
PCB assembly USM 35 X Bat
Cable 2 pin LCD
Cable 5 pin Inverter
Flexible cable LCD
Contact spring, complete
Membrane keypad
Connector-Cover, complete
Battery cover, complete
(contains Pos. 11, 6 and 30)
Housing lower part, partly mounted
36163-3.130
Description
Housing upper part, with sealing
#
1
Pos.
Remark
Spare parts list
Appendix
9-13
9-14
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Changes
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
10
10-1
Changes
This chapter contains information about changes and
additions made at short notice and not yet included in
the operating manual.
If none exist, the chapter remains blank.
10-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Index
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
11
11-1
Index
ANAMOD ................................................................ 5-57
A
a trig
Triggering by an interface echo ........................... 5-15
A-Scan
Setting the A-scan .............................................. 5-48
Accessories ............................................................. 2-5
Additions ................................................................ 10-2
Addresses ................................................................ 9-8
Adjustment range
Function directory ................................................. 9-2
ANGLE
Angle of incidence .............................................. 5-32
Anticoincidence ...................................................... 5-15
aSTART .................................................................. 5-25
Starting point of gate A ....................................... 5-16
aTHRSH
Threshold of gate A ............................................ 5-16
aWIDTH
Width of gate A ................................................... 5-16
Adustment
Coarse and fine ..................................................... 4-9
aGAT (function group) ............................................. 5-14
Backlight ................................................................ 5-52
Alkaline batteries ...................................................... 7-4
BASE (function group) .............................................. 5-6
aLOGIC
Evaluation logic gate A ....................................... 5-15
Basic settings ........................................................ 4-10
Alphanumerical entries ........................................... 8-14

Analog output ................................................. 5-57, 8-5
Batteries ................................................................... 1-2

Care ...................................................................... 7-3
Charging the NiCd batteries .................................. 7-3
BAUD-R .................................................................. 5-55
11-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Index
bGAT (function group) ............................................. 5-14
Changes ................................................................. 10-1
bLOGIC
Evaluation logic gate B ....................................... 5-15
Changing a function value ...................................... 8-14
BOLDLI (Choice of a registration curve) ................. 5-70

bSTART
Starting point of gate B ....................................... 5-16
bTHRSH
Threshold of gate B ............................................ 5-16
bWIDTH
Width of gate B ................................................... 5-16
Codes
Codes for function keys ...................................... 8-26
Function codes ................................................... 8-17
Remote control ..................................................... 8-9
Coincidence ............................................................ 5-15
Configuration .......................................................... 5-53
For test applications ........................................... 5-43
Connecting a probe ................................................... 3-7
Controls .................................................................... 4-2
COPYMOD ....................................................... 6-3, 8-9

Assignment of the COPY key ............................. 5-55
CAL
Semiautomatic calibration ......................... 5-19, 5-22
Calibration .............................................................. 5-17
Dual-element (TR) probes ................................... 5-21
Straight-beam probes .......................................... 5-18
With unknown materials ...................................... 5-19
CFG1 (function group) ............................................ 5-53
CFG2 (function group) ............................................ 5-53
Krautkramer USM 35X
D
D-DELAY (Display starting point) ............................. 5-7
DAC (function group) .............................................. 5-61
DACECHO
Recording reference curve ........................ 5-63, 5-68
Issue 01, 04/2005
11-3
Index
DACMOD
Activating DAC according to JIS ........................ 5-67
Activating DAC/TCG ........................................... 5-62
DACMOD (Activating DAC) ................. 5-61, 5-66, 5-73
DAMPING (Probe matching) ..................................... 5-9
DATA (function group) ............................................. 5-38
Data exchange ......................................................... 8-8
Data saving ............................................................ 5-34
Data set
Deleting ............................................................... 5-35
Deleting all .......................................................... 5-36
Management ....................................................... 5-38
Recalling ............................................................. 5-36
Storing ................................................................ 5-35
DATE
Setting the gate .................................................. 5-56
dBCORR (Sensitivity correction) .................. 5-64, 5-70
DBSTEP ................................................................. 5-12
Deleting a reference echo ....................................... 5-27

Depth ...................................................................... 5-31
DGS evaluation (USM 35S) .................................... 5-71
DIALOG
Selecting the language ....................................... 4-10
DIALOG (Selecting the language) .......................... 5-53
DIR
Directory of stored data sets .............................. 5-38
DIR (Dataset directory) ........................................... 5-41
Display ..................................................................... 4-3
Display range ............................................................ 5-6
Display starting point ................................................ 5-7
Distance-amplitude curve ....................................... 5-61
according to JIS Z3060-2002 .............................. 5-66
Double assignment ................................................... 4-9
DUAL
Pulser-receiver separation .................................. 5-10
Defects ..................................................................... 1-3
11-4
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Index
FREQU
Frequency range ................................................. 5-13
E
EC declaration .......................................................... 9-7
Echo display ........................................................... 5-51
Enlarged echo display ......................................... 5-59
Zoom mode ........................................................... 4-3
Enlarged display
Measurement value .............................................. 4-5
Errors ........................................................................ 1-3
Evaluation logic of the gates .................................. 5-15
Frequency range ..................................................... 5-13

Function directory ..................................................... 9-2
Function groups ........................................ 4-4, 4-8, 5-3
Functions .................................................................. 4-4
Function directory ................................................. 9-2
Overview ............................................................... 5-2
Setting the functions ............................................. 4-9
Special keys ....................................................... 5-59
EVAMOD ................................................................ 5-58
G
F
FILLED
Echo display ....................................................... 5-51
Gain .......................................................................... 5-5

Fine adjustment .................................................. 5-12
Incrementation ...................................................... 5-5
FINE G (Fine adjustment of gain) ........................... 5-11
Gate setting ............................................................ 5-14
Flaw evaluation ......................................................... 1-6
Gates ...................................................................... 5-14

Starting point ...................................................... 5-16
Width .................................................................. 5-16
Flaw position calculation ........................................ 5-31

Freeze function ....................................................... 5-59
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
11-5
Index
HORN
Acoustic alarm .................................................... 5-58
Keys ......................................................................... 4-6

Special keys ....................................................... 5-59
Instrument
Care of the instrument .......................................... 7-2
Language ................................................................ 4-10
Instrument versions .................................................. 1-8

Intefaces
RS 232 interface ................................................... 8-6
Interface echo ........................................................ 5-15
Interfaces
I/O interface .......................................................... 8-4
LCD
Color scheme ...................................................... 4-14
LCD (function group) ............................................... 5-50
Lemo socket ............................................................. 8-5
LIGHT
LCD backlight ..................................................... 5-52
Limits ........................................................................ 1-5
Line ........................................................................... 4-5
J
JDAC (function group) ............................................ 5-66
M
MAGNIFY
Gate spreading ................................................... 5-48
11-6
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Index
Maintenance ............................................................. 7-5
Operator training ....................................................... 1-4
Manufacturer ............................................................ 9-8
Operator's controls ................................................... 4-2
MEAS-P1 to P4 ........................................................ 4-5

Measurement line ........................................... 4-5, 5-46
Configuration ....................................................... 5-49
Measuring ............................................................... 5-23
Measuring point ...................................................... 5-17
MEM (function group) ............................................. 5-34
MSEL (function group) ............................................ 5-49
MTLVEL (Sound velocity) ......................................... 5-7
Multiple DAC ................................................. 5-65, 5-70
P-DELAY (Probe delay) ............................................ 5-8

Power supply ............................................................ 3-2
PREVIEW
Dataset preview .................................................. 5-38
PRF-MOD
Pulse repetition frequency .................................. 5-11
PRINTER
Selecting the printer driver .................................. 5-55
Printer
Preparing .............................................................. 6-2
O
OFFSET
Distance of multiple DAC .......................... 5-65, 5-70
OFFSET (Distance of multiple DAC) ............ 5-65, 5-70
Operating levels
Overview ............................................................... 5-2
Krautkramer USM 35X
PRINTER (Printer for test report) ........................... 5-51

Printer connection .................................................... 8-8
Printing ..................................................................... 8-9
Printing data ............................................................. 6-2
Issue 01, 04/2005
11-7
Index
Probe connection ...................................................... 3-7
Recycling .................................................................. 7-6
Probe delay .............................................................. 5-8
Reduced projection distance .................................. 5-31
Probe matching ........................................................ 5-9
REFECHO .............................................................. 5-25
Projection distance ................................................. 5-31
REFMOD ................................................................ 5-25
PULS (function group) .............................................. 5-9
Registration curve .................................................. 5-70
Pulse repetition frequency ...................................... 5-11
REJECT ................................................................. 5-12
Pulser adjustment .................................................... 5-9
Remote control ......................................................... 8-9
Pulser-receiver separation ...................................... 5-10
Reset ........................................................................ 3-8

Rotary knobs ............................................................ 4-6
R
RANGE (Display range) ............................................ 5-6
Recalling a data set ................................................ 5-36
S-DISP ..................................................................... 4-5
Receiver adjustment ............................................... 5-11
S-DISP (Zoomed display of reading) ...................... 5-46
RECORD (Recording reference curve) ......... 5-62, 5-67
Safety information .................................................... 1-2
RECTIFY ................................................................ 5-13
SCALE ................................................................... 5-52
RECTIFY (Rectification) ......................................... 5-13
Screen ...................................................................... 4-3
RECV (function group) ............................................ 5-11
Semiautomatic calibration ............................ 5-19, 5-22
11-8
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Index
In this manual ..................................................... 1-11
LED ..................................................................... 5-60
Status symbols ................................................... 5-60
Sensitivity correction .................................... 5-64, 5-70

Serial communication activation ............................... 8-8
Service ..................................................................... 9-8
Syntax .................................................................... 8-11
SETTING
Function list ........................................................ 5-42
setting
Function list ........................................................ 5-38
Setting of gain .......................................................... 4-8
Sound attenuation (DGS) ........................................ 5-78
Sound velocity .......................................................... 5-7
T
T-CORR
Sensitivity correction (DAC) ................................ 5-64
Sensitivity correction (JDAC) .............................. 5-70
Transfer correction (DGS) ................................... 5-78
Spare parts list ....................................................... 9-10
TCG ........................................................................ 5-62

Registration curve ............................................... 5-70
Standard package .................................................... 2-3
Temperature .............................................................. 1-6
Start-up .................................................................... 3-8
Test report ................................................................ 6-3
Storing a data set ................................................... 5-35
Test requirements ..................................................... 1-4
Sub-D socket ............................................................ 8-6
TESTINF
Additional information for stored data sets ......... 5-38
SVEL1 (Fixed sound velocity) ................................ 5-47

Switching on/off ........................................................ 3-8
THICKNE
Material thickness ............................................... 5-32
Symbols
Krautkramer USM 35X
Issue 01, 04/2005
11-9
Index
Threshold of the gates ............................................ 5-16
TIME
Setting the time .................................................. 5-56
Wall thickness .......................................................... 1-6
TOF
Selecting the measuring point ............................. 5-44
Waste disposal ......................................................... 7-6

Width of the gates .................................................. 5-16
Transfer correction (DGS) ....................................... 5-78

Transfer of datasets ................................................ 8-15
Transmission timing ................................................ 8-12
X-position ............................................................... 5-40
TRIG (function group) ............................................. 5-31
X-VALUE
Of the probe ........................................................ 5-32
U
Ultrasonic testing ...................................................... 1-3
UNIT
Units of measurement ......................................... 5-54
Z
Zoom mode .............................................................. 4-3
Units ....................................................................... 4-11
11-10
Issue 01, 04/2005
Krautkramer USM 35X
Technical specifications according to EN 12668-1
USM 35X
USM 35X DAC
USM 35X S
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D - 1

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Spectrum
Comment
Spike pulse
Picture: 1
Spectrum
Picture: 2
Spectrum
Picture: 3
Spectrum
Picture: 4
Damping
DUAL = off
DAMPING = low
DAMPING = high
DUAL = on
DAMPING = low
DAMPING = high
POWER = low
POWER = high
342
45
1000
50
Capacity
pF
220
1000
Pulse Repetition Frequency
Hz
20%
4-1000 20%
4
100
Operating Modes
Characteristics of Transmitter Pulse
-346
-315
-283
PRF Mode
PRF step
Pulse voltage
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-2
Hz
Manual,
automatically linked
to range in 10 steps
>1,5m
<1,5m
Single-,
dual mode
through
1000 Hz
DAMPING = low
POWER = high

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Pulse rise time
ns
8,19
9,64
11,08
Pulse duration
ns
120,4
133,7
147,1
Effective output impedance
23
29
35
Pulse voltage
-238
-216
-195
Pulse rise time
ns
11,18
13,15
15,12
Pulse duration
ns
81,4
90,5
99,5
21
26
31
Pulse voltage
-246
-224
-202
Pulse rise time
ns
5,33
6,27
7,21
Pulse duration
ns
34,3
38,1
41,9
38
48
58
Pulse voltage
-153
-139
-125
Pulse rise time
ns
6,21
7,31
8,40
Pulse duration
ns
25,1
27,9
30,7
24
30
36
Comment
1000 Hz
DAMPING = high
POWER = high
1000 Hz
DAMPING = low
POWER = low
1000 Hz
DAMPING = high
POWER = low
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-3

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
Receiver
Amplifier
Setting Range
dB
110
Increments
dB
0,5
1
2
6
12
Attenuator uncal. range
dB
Accuracy of calibrated attenuator
dB
-2
Uncalibrated increments
dB
~0,1
Amplifier Frequency
Frequency spectrum (-3dB)
MHz
0,2 - 20 -
(-3dB)
Frequency ranges
MHz
0,2 - 1 MHz Filter 4
Lower frequency range
MHz
0,177
0,197
0,216
Upper frequency range
MHz
1,138
1,265
1,391
Center frequency
MHz
0,473
0,498
0,523
Bandwidth
MHz
0,962
1,069
1,175
Maximum frequency
MHz
0,394
0,526
0,657
dB
>110
Dynamic range
Noise level
Gain for 80% SH

Minimum input voltage
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-4
nV
80
dB
24,0
25,0
26,0
60
90
120

Description
Dimension
Min
Average Max
MHz
MHz
0,352
0,391
0,430
MHz
3,903
4,337
4,770
Center frequency
MHz
1,237
1,302
1,367
Bandwidth
MHz
3,551
3,946
4,340
Maximum frequency
MHz
1,055
1,407
1,759
dB
23,5
24,5
25,5
Maximum input voltage
Symbol
Frequency ranges
Gain for 80% SH
90
110
120
40
Dynamic range
dB
>110
nV
80
MHz
MHz
0,676
0,752
0,827
MHz
9,843
10,937
12,030
Center frequency
MHz
2,723
2,867
3,010
Bandwidth
MHz
9,167
10,186
11,204
Maximum frequency
MHz
2,041
2,722
3,402
dB
24,0
25,0
26,0
Noise level
Frequency ranges
Gain for 80% SH
130
165
200
40
dB
>105
Dynamic range
Comment
40
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-5

Description
Dimension
Min
Average Max
nV
MHz
MHz
1,875
2,083
2,291
MHz
18,528
20,587
22,645
Center frequency
MHz
6,220
6,548
6,875
Bandwidth
MHz
16,653
18,504
20,354
Maximum frequency
MHz
9,072
12,096
15,120
dB
24,5
25,5
26,5
Noise level
Symbol
Frequency ranges
Gain for 80% SH
Comment
80
2 - 20 MHz Filter 2
200
260
320
40
dB
>100
nV
80
<5 us
1nF,125 Ohm,0,5-4MHz
Dynamic range
Noise level
Deadtime after transmitter pulse

Receiver input impedance
Single probe (combined transmitter and receiver)
Single mode
Rmax
338
Rmax
Rmin
338
Rmin
Cmax
pf
52
Cmax
Cmin
pf
52
Cmin
511
511
Dual-probe (separate transmitter and receiver)
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-6
Dual mode

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
pf
33
pf
33
Full Wave
yes
Negative Halfwave
yes
Positive Halfwave
yes
yes
1 - 80
Signal Mode
RF
yes
Suppression
Adjustable
Comment
To 50 mm steel
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-7

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Number of Gates
Alarm logic
off,
pos,
neg,
trigger
Comment
Monitor
for gate B (C)
Start
mm
0
to
9999
Width
mm
0,2
to
9999
Threshold
10 - 90 -
flank,
peak
jflank
Measurement points
JIS Z3060
Magnifier
yes
Alarm
LED,
horn
Interface echo start
yes
Switch output
yes
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-8
Display of A-scan
on full screen width
Horn
switchable
Control of
Gate B by Gate A
See interfaces

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
active color-LCD
Comment
Display
Type
Dimensions of the Display
86 x 115 -
(HxW)
Resolution
mm
240 x 320-
Number of pixels
Backlight
yes
2 steps
A-scan display
Linearity of time base
-0,5
Sampling error
-2
-
Amplitude
-2
Amplitude
Position
-1
Position
mm
0,01
0,5
Display jitter
Measurement resolution
Sound path
Amplitude
0,5
bei 2 MHz
0,01:
0 to 99 mm
0,1:
100 mm to 999 mm
1:
ab 1000 mm
ns
100
ns
250
Following an
interface echo
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-9

Description
Dimension
Min
Average Max
mm
0,5
to
9999
Fixed ranges
mm
55
Display start
mm
-10
to
900
Probe delay
0
to
199,99
yes
1000
to
15000
mm,
inch
0,5
0,5
0 - 90
Display width
Symbol
Automatic Calibration
Material velocity
m/s
Unit of measurement
Linearity of time base
Trigonometry
Angle of incidence
Increments
0,1
X-value
mm
0 - 100 -
Object thickness
mm
1 - 9999 -
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-10
Comment
Display start
2 step
calibration
Resulation 1m/s
Resulation 0,1
Increments
Distance:
index point to
probe front edge
To calculate
Sound Reflection

Description
Diameter
Image processing
Readings to be displayed
Symbol
Dimension
Min
mm/inch
Average Max
10 - 2000 flat
0,40 - 800 flat
-
Comment
mm
inch
Time of flight
yes
For Gate A, B
Sound path difference
B-A
For Gate A, B
Surface distance
yes
For Gate A, B
Red. surface distance
yes
For Gate A, B
Depth position
yes
For Gate A, B
Amplitude in %
yes
For Gate A, B
Amplitude in dB
yes
--
Amplitude in % curve
yes
Amplitude as ERS
yes
Alarm
yes
to gate threshold
to reference (REF)
for USM 35X DAC/S
to reference curve
* Only USM 35X DAC
and S
for gate A,B
to reference curve
* Only USM 35X S
for gate A
For Gate A,B
Evaluation curve (DGS)
yes
* only for USM 35X S
Test sensitivity
yes
* only for USM 35X S
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-11

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
Number of legs
yes
Flaw class
yes
addional possible
change of A-scan
color according to
skips
Flaw class
db-difference to reference
yes
for DAC
yes
for DGS
Reference gain Gr
Signal display mode
standard,filled
Signal processing
Screen freeze
yes
Freeze
Auto freeze
yes
Auto freeze
A-scan Compare
yes
Echo dynamic
yes
Echo envelope
Peak Freeze
yes
For Gate B
Zoom
yes
A-scan on full
screen width
Status information
yes
Dialog languages
20
Function lock
yes
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-12
In zoom mode

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
Amplitude evaluation
DAC
Number of reference echoes
Dynamic range
dB
Slope maximum
dB/s
DGS
yes
10
* Only USM 35X DAC

and S
Distance amplitude curve
Reference echoes
40
For TCG
For TCG
yes
* Only USM 35X S
Number of probes
24
In memory
Free programmable probe
yes
One probe per data set
Reference reflectors
SDH
BE
FBH
Attenuation correction
yes
Transfer correction
yes
Quadrant correction
yes
yes
DAC Mode
Curve
yes
* Only USM 35X DAC

and S
display of curve
Evaluation curve
TCG
yes
Depth compensation
0,1 - 14 -
Additional curves
Curve offset
JIS-DAC
dB
Additional curves
yes
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-13

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
30
240
Comment
Data processing
Analog-to-Digital Conversion
Sample frequency
Storage of data
MHz
yes
Number of datasets
800
Contents of datasets
Dataset description
String Length (Dataset name)
24
Notes, No. of fields
Memo, No. of characters
24
Date and time
yes
Sound path (TOF)
yes
Trigiometric values
selectable-
Amplidute
selectable-
Hardcopy
yes
Function list
yes
Test Report
yes
From internal memory

A-scan + instrument
setup
Numerical and alphanumerical
6 alphanumerical +
3 numerical
Measurement results
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-14
For Gate A and B
Format PCX

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
Alarms
TTL
Horn
yes
Alarm gate A/B
yes
Logical OR
Interfaces
Outputs
Switching voltage
V=
HCT level with 100 Ohm

serial
Max. switching current
Max. switching current

Hysteresis
mA
%
0,5
0,5
Hysteresis
Accuracy of the threshold
ms
20%
500
20%
Correspondig to actual
threshold
Hold time
Amplitude Gate A or B
V=
0-5
Time of flight Gate A or B
V=
0-5
Max. switch current
mA
0,5
Corresponding to
100% SH
Corresponding to
gate width
Max. switch current
Output impedance
100
Output impedance
Linearity
0,5
0,5
8 Bit +/- 1/2 LSB
Rise time
V/s
2,5
Rise time
Fall time
V/s
2,5
Hold time
ms
8 - 250 -
Hold time
Analog output
Fall time
Depending on PRF
Digital input
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-15

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
yes
TTL
yes
RS-232
Output/type
RS 232
Driver
Time of flight
yes
Epson
HP
Seiko
HP DeskJet 1200
HP LaserJet 1200
Redable about
RS232
Time of flight
Amplitude
yes
Amplitude
Alarms
yes
Control
Test data release
Digital interface
Types
RS-232
Printer
Data
A-Scan
yes
Trigger
Remote control
VGA output
TTL
RS 232
yes
Horizontal frequency
kHz
31,3
Vertical frequency
Hz
85
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-16
Alarms
A-Scan

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
General
Instrument
Size (HxWxD)
mm
176 x 255- x 105
Weight
kg
2,2
Storage temperature
-20
+60
Temperate range for mains operation
40
Temperature range for battery operation
60
Warm-up period
10 minutes at 25 C
Battery, mains
(external power supply)
Li Ionen Battery
6 NiCD, NiMH
Cells
Possible power supplies
incl. Batteries
Voltage range for battery operation
V=
8,6
5,4
13
8
Voltage range with power supply
V=
9,5
13
Power consumption
VA
5,5
Low battery warning
yes
Environmental Protection
IP 66
--
Shock resistivity
Vibration
Min (ECO)
Max (FULL)
Status display
Shock resistance
according to DIN
IEC 68, 6 ms, 60g
shocks per axis
Vibration resistance
according to DIN IEC 68,
1-150 Hz, 2g, 20 cycles
per axis
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-17

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Stability against temperature change
Min
Average Max
Amplitude
%/10 C
-5
Echo position
%/10 C
-1
Stability against voltage change
Comment
Amplitude
-2
Time of flight
-1
14
3
After 30 minutes
Statussymbol
Power supply
Battery operation time
Stability after warm-up time

Low battery display
Li Ion Battery
6 NiMH cells
Li Ion Battery
6 NiMH cells
Amplitude
%/10 C
-2
+/-0,5%
Time of flight
-1
+/- 0,5mm
Change in amplitude over time base position

with battery c
Lemo,
BNC
On order
Types of Sockets
Probe connection
I/O interface
Lemo
8-pin
RS-232
DSUB
9-pin
External power supply
Lemo
VGA output
Case
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-18
Lemo
-
4-pin
10-pins
Plastic

Description
Documentation
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
Technical reference
manual
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-19

Description
Symbol
Dimension
Min
Average Max
Comment
Software update procedure
Download via RS 232
Options
Data logger
Other
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-20

Picture: 1
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-21

Picture: 2
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-22

Picture: 3
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-23

Picture: 4
USM 35X S_TM036060001_D-24

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Ident-Nr.

Technical Reference and Operating Manual

This issue 01, 04/2005 applies to the following software versions:

with Data Logger option: V.01.21.3x

with Data Logger option: V.01.11.3x

USM 35X DAC

with Data Logger option: V.01.01.3x

Subject to change without notice.

Selecting the function group:

Second operation level

Third operation level

As a standard feature, the function

Issue 01, 04/2005

The character > after a function

Display memory is enabled (freeze),

Switching the unit on and off

Data transfer active,

Step size for gain setting

Battery indicator; appears with low battery

TOF is set to flank.

TOF is set to peak.

TOF is set to jflank.

Enlarged echo display over the entire

T-CORR (transfer correction) function is

Printing or transferring data

Reference echo has been recorded

ATT-OBJ/ATT-REF function (sound

Storage (freezing) of screen display

Recording measured values, saving data

Changing the operation level

Selecting the function group

Selecting the function

1 Introduction ........................................ 1-1

1.3 The USM 35X family .................................. 1-8

2 Standard package and

Issue 01, 04/2005

3 Initial start-up ...................................... 3-1

4 Principles of operation ...................... 4-1

4.3 Keys and rotary knobs .............................. 4-6

Issue 01, 04/2005

Krautkramer USM 35X

5 Operation ............................................ 5-1

5.5 Adjusting the receiver

Issue 01, 04/2005

ANGLE (Angle of incidence) ................... 5-32

Issue 01, 04/2005

Krautkramer USM 35X

TIME/DATE (Setting the time and date) .... 5-56

5.17 Status symbols and LEDs ...................... 5-60

key) ... 5-55

Locks, error messages ............................. 5-81

6 Documentation .................................. 6-1

7 Maintenance and care ....................... 7-1

Issue 01, 04/2005

Krautkramer USM 35X

8.6 Remote control .......................................... 8-9

8 Interfaces and peripherals ................ 8-1

9 Appendix ............................................ 9-1

8.3 RS 232 interface ........................................ 8-6

9.4 Spare parts list ........................................ 9-10

8.4 RGB interface ............................................. 8-7

10 Changes ........................................... 10-1

8.5 Data exchange ........................................... 8-8