ANSV/ICEA P-45-482-2007 SHORT CIRCUIT PERFORMANCE OF METALLIC SHIELDS AND SHEATHS: ON INSULATED CABLES Approved by AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE 6/20/2007 Publication # ANSI/ICEA P-45-482-2007 ©2007 by INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, Inc.IEA P.45-482-2007 @ Approved as an American National Standard ‘ANSI Approval Date: June 20, 2007 Insulated Cable Engineers Assoc., Publication No. P-45-482-Revised 2007 ‘Short Circuit Performance of Metallic Shields and Sheaths on Insulated Cable Published by Insulated Cable Engineers Association P.O. Box 1588 Carroliton, Georgia 30112 ‘wwwicea.net | (© Copyright 2007 by the insulated Cable Engineers Association. All rights including translation inte other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention forthe Protection ‘of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions, ‘© Copyright 2007 by the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, IncorporatedICEA P-48-482-2007 NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER ‘The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and epproval of tne document atthe time it was developed. Consensus does rot necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development ofthis document. “The Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc. (ICEA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process orings togather persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While ICEA administers the process anc establishes rules to promote faimess inthe development of consensus. it does not independently test. evaluate, or verify the accuracy or ‘completeness af any information or the soundness of any judgements contained in ts standards and ‘uideline publications, ICEA disolaime lablity for personal iniury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequent, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the pudlication, use ‘of, application, or reliance on this document, |CEA dsclaims and makes ro guaranty or warranty, ‘expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pubished herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty thatthe information inthis document wil full any of your particular purposes or needs. ICEA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or seller's products or services by virtue ofthis standard or guide. In publishing and making this document avalable, ICEA is not undertaking to render professional or other ‘services for ar on behalf of any person or entty, nor is ICEA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else, Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgement or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professionel in determining tne oxercise of ‘reasonable cate in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this, publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consut for adcitional views ‘or information not covered by this publication, ICEA nas no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compiisnce with the contents of this document. ICEA does nat certty, test, or inspect products, desions, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be aiributable to ICEA and is sotely the responsiaiiy of the certfer or maker of the statement.ICEAP-45-480-2007 Page i CONTENTS: Foreword, Section 1. GENERAL 11 SCOPE. 12 REFERENCES.” ‘Section 2 FORMULAE AND CALCULATIONS neuen Section 3 Tabulated Parameters... LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Formulas for Determining Metallic Shietd/Sheath Cross-sectional Area. aon Table 2 Parameters for Use in Equations (1), (2) oF (3). 8 Tobie 3 Values of T,, Approximate Shield of Sheath Oxerating Temperature, °C at Vanous Conductor Temperatures. S Table 4 Values for T2, Maximum Aliowable Shield or Sheath Transient Temperate, *. 8 Table 5 MVelves for Tz Temperature of 200 °C. 6 Table 8 M Valves for T; Temperature of 350 °C. 6 (© Copyright 2007 by the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Incorporated.ICEA P-45-482.2007 Page i Foreword “This publication discusses factors for consideration in approximating the operabitty of insulated andior ‘covered wire and cable under the influence of uninterrupted short circuit currents encountered as a result ‘of cabie or other equipment faults. The duration of such a feult is considered to be up to approximately 2 seconds. Celeulation for single short circus of longer durations yield increasingly conservative results. “The follownng tems must be considered in order to estimate the short circuit performance of a spectic circu: 1. The magnitude and duration ofthe fault current including any fault current division dus to available ‘conducting paths. 2. The capability of joints, tarminatons end other accessories In the affectod circul to withstand the thermal and mechanical stresses created by the fault. 3, The interaction between the fauiting circuit and surrounding equioment, such 2s suppor, ties and camps. 4. The canabilty ofthe affected cable circuit, as installed, to withstand the electromagnetic forces ‘created during the faut. 5. The maximum temperature that cable components can withstand without incurring damage due to heating caused by faut current flow. 8. Damage to adjacent equipment due to arcing atthe site ofthe foul. 7. Forlimitations imposed on the short-circuit current in the cable phase conductor see ICEA Publication P-82-382, Short Circuit Characteristics of Insulated Cable. An important simplifying assumplion in the formula is the adiabatic nature of the heat generated, ie, the uration ofthe faut is So short that all the heat developed by the fault current during this time is assumed 10.be completely contained within the sheath or shielo. The amount of heat dissipated from the sheath or shield during continuous, single faut occurrences of relatively short duration is small. A significant ammount (of neat may be dissipated because ofthe rolativoly long cooing periods involved for faults interupted anc reestablished with autornati reclosing of circuit protectve devices. A non-adabatic calculation may be ‘more suitable for these situations and for single, uninterrupted shor circuits in excess of 2 seconds requiring close accuracy. Non-adiabatic calculation methods are described in several published works listed In Section 1.2 "References ‘The formula described in this publication |s based on the thermal capacity of the metalic sheathishield material and the transient temperature limit of the adjacent cable component materials. The quantity of heat contained in the metalic sheathishield is that created by the fault current and is also a function ofthe temperature rise in the metalic sheath/shiekt. The magnitude of the temperature rse isthe difference tween the upper temperature ofthe cable material in contact with the sheath’shield and the operating temperature of the sheathishield immediately prior to the initiation of the faut ‘The operating temperature ofthe sheath or shislé depends on the temperature ofthe conductor and the insulation thickness which is determined by the cable voltage rating. See Section 3, Table 2 for suggested estimated values.ICEA P.45-482-2007 Page i ‘The maximum transient temperature limits of the cable component materials are those which cause no significant change in the materials. These limits were extrapolated fram laboratory test data ‘Suggestions for improvements inthis publication are welcome, and should be sent to ICEA atthe address Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc. P.O. Box 1508 Canin, GA 30112 onl, embers ofthe ICEA working sroun contin Yo tho tng ofthis Standard consisted of he E.Wakcott, Chairman E Bariolucc! R Fleming W. Temple R Bristol LHivala S. Campbell F Kuchta 4 Cancelosi D Land ‘© Copyright 2007 by the insulated Cable Engineers Association, Incorporated.ICEAP.45.482-2007 Page iv <ICEA P-45-482-2007 Page 1 Section 1 GENERAL 14 SCOPE Equations and parameters have been established for short circuit calculations for sheaths or shields made fF aluminum, bronze, copper, lead, steel, zinc and cupro-nickel alloy. The types of sheaths or shieids Included are: ‘= Wires, applied ether helicell, as braid or serving; or longkudinally with corugations, ‘+ Helcally appied flat tape, not overlapped. + Helcally applied, overtapped, lat tape. * Corrugated tape, longitudinally applied © Tubular sheath “The types of cable materiel in contact wih the sheath or shield are: crosslinked (thermoset), thermoplastic, impregnated paper, and varnished cloth, “Tho materials which determine the maximum allowable short circuit temperatures are: paper varished loth and severel thermoplastic and thermosetting materials presently appearing in ICEA standards ‘Temperature limits, considered sage, were established for the various coverings and insulation materials ‘The equations may be used to determine: ‘+The maximum short circuit current permitted for a specific sheathishiokd and shor circuit duration, ‘+ The sheathishield size necessary to carry a specific short circuit cutrent for @ given duration. ‘+The maximum duration a specific sheathishield can carry a specific short circuit current, 4.2 REFERENCES “The following references were reviewed In preparing his documert. ‘The Transient Temperature Riso of Round Wire Shields of Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Short Circuit Conditions, M.A. Martin Jt. AW. Reczek Jr, IEEE-ICC Open Forum at $7 Mesting Nov. 17-19, 1975. ‘Optimization of Design of Metalic Shield-Concentric Conductors of Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Fault Conditions, EPRI EL-3014, Project 1286-2, final Report 4/83. Optimization of Metalic Shields for Extruded Dioloctric Cables Under Fault Conditions, IEEE Paper 86 TAD 3998, © Copyright 2007 by the Insulated Cable Engineers Associaton, Incorporated.ICEA P-45-482-2007 Page 2 ‘Normal and Short Circuit Operaling Characteristics of Metalic Shielded Solid Dielectric Power Cable. MA. Martin Jr, D. A, Siver, RG, Lukac, R. Suarez, IEEE Peper 973 495-9. Fault Test on Embedded Copper Wire and Copper Tape Shiekled Single Conductor Cables. C. Landinger, LD. Cronin, IEEE Paper C73-124-5. Buried Power and Telephone Distnbution Systems-Analysis of Primary Gable Fult Tests and Evaluations of Experience With Random Separation, EE| Pub, 68-62. Tho Short Circuit Rating of Thin Metal Tape Cable Shields, AIEE Trans, Vol, 87, pp. 740-758, March 1968. Fault Current Rating of Metalic Coble Screons, T. M. White, S. E. Philorick, JICABLE 1087, Paper 86.2. ‘Are Cable Shields Being Damaged During Grounds Fauits?, P., Hamer, B. M. Wood. IEEE Traneactions fon Indusiry Applications, Paper PIO-26-6. Design of Metalic Shieiis for Extruded Dielectric Cables, 1984 IEEE IAS Pulp and Paper Conference, D. A.Siver, M.D. Buckwetz, Pager PPE-B4-14, Coleulations of Thermally Permissible Short Currents Taking Into Aacount Non-Adiabatie Heating Effects, IEC Publication 60949.9-1988,ICEA P-45-482-2007 Page 3 Section 2 FORMULAE AND CALCULATIONS Short circuit current, short-circuit time or effective cross-sectional area of shield or sheath can be ‘calculated from the basic equation: a = 247.0x10 “tsatsn| 2 ftony| Et i lo = Short-circuit current, amperes. Effective cross-sectional area of the shield or sheath, ckeulr mis, Time for short circuit, seconds, Spectic oravy cf shieid or sheath material. ‘Specfic nest of shield or sheath material. Arbitrary temperature (usualy considered 20°C). = Speeticresistily of shield or sheath material at temperature To, microhm-cm. = Inferred temperature of zero resistance for the shield’shealh material, °C below zero, Tp = Maximum allowable shield or sheath transient temperature, °C. Ty. = Operating shield or sheath temperature, °C. >pagg-> Letting o T +A) = 247.0 x10 tsoysn|T 8 4] @ ‘Then the equation (1) becomes: @) eget tod fon EH] “ (6) ® @ Refer to Section 3 for tabulation values of the various parameters. ‘© Copyright 2007 by the Insulated Cable Engineors Association, Incorporated.ICEA P-45-482.2007 Page 4 For equations (6) and (7) eHective cross-sectional area, A, may be calcviated from the formulae in Table 1. If Ais determined from (8), these formulae may be used ta determine characterstes ofthe shield or sheath Tobie t Formulas for Determining Metalic Shisld'Sheath Cross-sectional Area TYPE OF SHIELD OR SHEATH FORMULA FOR CALCULATING A (SEE NOTES 1 62) 11. Wires appies ether hellcaly, 2s a bra or serving: or longitudinally with net corrugations. 2, Helical applied tape, no! overtapped 1.27 wb ( [108 3, Helically applied lat tape, overiapped. See NOTE. ava, sea) 4. Corrugated tape, loritudinally applied 4.27[n(4, +50) 5. Tubular sheath 4 bo NOTE 1; Meaning of Symbols A= Effective cross-sechonal arca of shield or sheath, cml 8 rape overiap, mils (usually 375) b Thickness of tape, mils. d, = Diameter over extruded insulation screen, mils oy lean diameter of shield or sheath, mils. d= Diameter of wires, mis. w With of tape, mis. 8 —-=Number of serving or braid wires, or tapes. = Overlap of tape, percent NOTE2: The effective area of composite shields is the sum of the effective areas of the ‘components. For example, the effective area of a composite shield consisting of a helically applied tape and 2 wire serving would be the sum of the area calculated from Formula 2 (or 3) and Formula 1 NOTES: —_Theeffective area of thin, helically applied overlapped tapes depends, also, upon the degree of electrical contac! resistance of the overlaps. Formula 3 may be used to calcuate the effective cross-sectional area of the shield for new cable. An increase in contact resistance may occus after cable installation, during service exposed io moisture ‘and heat. Under these conditions the contact resistance mey approach infinity, where Formula 2 could apply. ‘© Copyright 2007 by the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Incorporated,ICEA P-25-482-2007 Page 5 i Section 3 Tabulated Parameters \ Table2 motors for Uso in Equations (1), (2) or (3) 7 “Suggested Values for Properiies of Metals at K ky Calcutated from Material Ed SH ey ‘equation (2) ‘Aluminum 270 022 | 283 | 228 0.013 Bronze" ap0 | 0.04 | 305 | _sad 0.030. Copperf 03 | 0.002 [1.72] 234 (0.0301 Losatr a3 | 00st | 206 | 236 ‘0.0011 Steelt 785] 041 | 120] 1807 0.0036 Zinctf 7.44} 0.005 [5.91 | 268 0.0080, Cipro Nickel Als 303 ‘0.09 | 26.5 | 1800 0.0140, ‘Three quarter hard, 1360 aluminum. ‘Commercial Bronze, 90% copper. 10% zine ‘annealed 100% conductivity copper. Pure lead (98.69%). Mid or low carbon ste! ‘commercial collae zinc, 0.08% Lead, ‘Cupro-Nickel, 80% Copper, 20% Nickel ogee s+ {86 These values are believed accurate for the matorals shown. Variations may occur due to smal ‘changes in composition. Table 3 Values of T;, Approximate Shield or Sheath Operatin Tomporature, °C at Various Conductor Tomperatur Rated Voltage Shield or Sheath Temperature, °C, al Conductor Temperatures qv) [ese to0°c Tes °C] 00%] 85°C | so°c | rec | 70°C | 5 sis {100 | 95 [90 | es [a0 [7 to [es | oo 25 ‘95 | 80] e085] 80 | 75 | 70_| 68] 60. ‘3-45_|—95_[ 90] 65] a0 [75_| 70] 65 [60 | 85 0-345 | 00 [5 [80 [75 | 7o | 65 | 60 | 86 | 50 NOTE: The manirium conductor temperature should not exceed the normal teiperature rang of he insulation used, For more accurate shield'sheath teriperatures, contac! the cable manufacturer ‘© Copyright 2007 by the Insulated Cable Enginoors Association, Incorporated.ICEAP-45-482.2007 Page 6 Table 4 Values for T:, Maximum Allowable Shield or Sheath Transient Temperature, °C Cable Matoriatin Contact ‘with Shield or Sheath i? Grossiinked (thermoset) 50" “Thermoplastic 200. impregnated Paper 200. ‘Varnished Cloth 200. NOTE: The temperature ofthe shield or sheath shall be inited by the material in contacl wit For ‘example, a cable having a crosslinked semiconducting shield under the metalic shield and a crosslinked jacket over the metalic shield would have a maximum allowable shield temperature of 350°C. With a thermoplastic jacket would be 200 °C. “For lead sheaths this temperature i limited to 200 °C. ‘ Table 5 M Values for T, Temperature of 200 °C |____Values for M forthe Limiting Constons Where T,= 200°C Shila/Sheath iei’Shoath Operating Temperature (7. °S Matersl [Too] eS] -o [as | ao-| 7s] 70 | 65 | 0] o5 | oo Aluminum | 0.038 | 0.080 | 004i | 0.047 | 004s | O.0ad | 0.045 | Boss | O0aT TO 0s | O0Kw ‘Commorcial Bronze —_| 0.043 | 0.084 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.947 | 0.048 | 0.040 | 0.950 | 0.051 | 0.082 | 0.053 Copper [0088 | 0.060-[ 0.082 [ 0.093 | 0.065 | 0,066 | 0.000-[ 0.070_| 0.071 [0.073 | o.ora, Lead 10.017 [0.071 | 0012 [001 | 0012 [0.012 [0.015 | 0.013 | 014 | 0.0r4 | 0.018 ‘Steel [0.022 [ 0.022 | 0,023 [ 0.024 | 0.024 [ 0.025 | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.028 Zine | 0.029 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.031 | 0.032 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.036 | 0.037 Gupro-Nier [0.017 Poors Foote | ars [0.019 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0024 To.02% | oat | 0.027 Tables M Values for T, Temperature of 350 °C ‘ShaShesth ‘Values for M for he Limiting Conctions Where Ty = 350°C. Material ‘Shieid/Sheath Operating Temperature (T,). 700 | 95 [oo | a5 | 80 [| 75 | 70 | 5 | wo | 85 | 60 ‘Aummum [0.056 | 0.057 | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.060 [0.060 | 0.067 | 008? | 0.085 | 0.063 | 0.06 Commercial ‘Bronze | 0.085 | 0.066 | 0.066 | 0.067 | 0.068 | 0.068 | 0.060 | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.071 | o.072. ‘Copoer [0.085 | 0.086 | 0.088 0.089 | 0.090 | 0.091 | 0.092 | 0.098 | 0.094 | 0.098 | 0.097. Steel [0.031 [0.032 | 0.032 [0.033 | 0.038 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.036 | 0.036 Zinc [00047 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 01086 | 0.047 | 0.047 | 0.048, ‘Cupto-Nickel [0.027 [0.027 | 0.028 | 0.026 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 © Copyricht 2007 by the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, IncorporatedICEA P.45-482-2007 Page 7 This page Intended to be biank {© Copyright 2007 by the insulated Cable Engineers Association, Incorporated.